RESUMEN
This context was investigated to assess the in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition traits of Punica granatum fruits peel extract. Initially, among various extracts tested, aqueous and ethanolic peel extracts depicted the presence of diverse phytoconstituents. In vitro antioxidative properties of peel extracts were determined using standard methodologies. Results showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts had IC50 values of 471.7 and 509.16 µg/mL, respectively in terms of 1,1,diphenyl 2,2,picrylhydrazyl scavenging. Likewise, IC50 values of aqueous and ethanol extract were obtained as 488.76 and 478.47 µg/mL towards the degradation of hydrogen peroxide. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition of α-glucosidase by showing activity of 53.34 ± 2.0 to 15.18 ± 1.4 U/L in a dose dependent manner (100-1000 µg/mL). Ethanolic extract was reported as the most active inhibitor of lipase with an IC50 value of 603.50 µg/mL. Ethanolic extract showed increased inhibition of ACE in a concentration dependent manner (100-1000 µg/mL) with IC50 value of 519.45 µg/mL. Fourier transform-infrared spectrum revealed the availability of various functional groups in the ethanolic extract of peel. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatogram of peel extract illustrated 23 diversified chemical constituents including 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, Dimethyl sulfone, 9-octadecenamide, and Pentadecanoic acid as predominant compounds. In summary, P. granatum fruits peel extract revealed promising antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive properties.
RESUMEN
Yoghurt is a fermenting milk-based dairy product that has high nutritional benefits. It exhibits not only protection against osteoporosis but also enhances gut microbiota and aids digestion. In order to improve health beneficial aspects of yoghurt, this study was aimed to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using seeds oil of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and to formulate functional yoghurt for its antioxidant and anticancer properties. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, SEM, DLS, and Zeta potential analyzer. The photo-induced synthesis of AuNPs showed particle size and zeta potential of 70 nm and +34 mV, respectively, with unique peak at 525 nm as observed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The FT-IR spectrum of AuNPs showed shifts in the functional groups from 3632.27 to 541.899 cm-1, thereby indicating the presence of various functional groups in pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and PSO-capped AuNPs. The AuNPs were observed to be smooth, elongated, and rectangular in shape. The PSO-capped AuNPs based formulation of functional yoghurt revealed DPPH degradation (23.6 ± 1.5 to 62.5 ± 1.8%) and H2O2 scavenging traits (21.6 ± 1.3 to 62.8 ± 1.8%) at varied concentrations. In addition, the PSO-capped AuNPs depicted strong anticancer attributes against lung and colon cancer with the cell viability ranging from 80.3 to 25% and 83.3 to 28.4.2%, respectively. Results concluded that the antioxidative components of PSO might have reduced and formulated AuNPs-based functional yoghurt. This functional yoghurt may reveal pivotal applications in food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, especially as antioxidant and anticancer agents.