RESUMEN

A vacinação é a forma mais utilizada para prevenir a bronquite infecciosa causada pelo vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV). Contudo, as vacinas convencionais são incapazes de diferenciar aves infectadas de vacinadas. No presente trabalho foi construído, caracterizado, e avaliado como candidato vacinal, um adenovírus recombinante expressando o gene N do IBV. O gene N foi clonado em um adenovírus humano tipo 5 defectivo e transfectado para as células HEK-293A para gerar rAd5_N. Após o vetor ser obtido como esperado e a confirmação da expressão da proteína N em HEK-293ª, foi realizada inoculação pela via oculo-nasal na dose de 10 7 TCID 50 /0,1mL para imunização de galinhas livres de patógenos específicos (SPF). A resposta imunológica do Ad5_N e a proteção contra o desafio ao IBV foram avaliadas e comparadas com uma vacina viva comercial. Não foram detectados anticorpos anti-IBV em aves vacinadas com o Ad5_N. A vacina comercial induziu anticorpos detectáveis a partir do 7º dia pós-vacinal. Em aves vacinadas com o Ad5_N não houve aumento na expressão de IFNγ. Neste estudo, o rAd5_N obtido não conferiu proteção contra desafio com IBV-M41. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de avaliar adenovírus recombinantes expressando outros genes do IBV.(AU)

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RESUMEN

A vacinação é a forma mais utilizada para prevenir a bronquite infecciosa causada pelo vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV). Contudo, as vacinas convencionais são incapazes de diferenciar aves infectadas de vacinadas. No presente trabalho foi construído, caracterizado, e avaliado como candidato vacinal, um adenovírus recombinante expressando o gene N do IBV. O gene N foi clonado em um adenovírus humano tipo 5 defectivo e transfectado para as células HEK-293A para gerar rAd5_N. Após o vetor ser obtido como esperado e a confirmação da expressão da proteína N em HEK-293ª, foi realizada inoculação pela via oculo-nasal na dose de 10 7 TCID 50 /0,1mL para imunização de galinhas livres de patógenos específicos (SPF). A resposta imunológica do Ad5_N e a proteção contra o desafio ao IBV foram avaliadas e comparadas com uma vacina viva comercial. Não foram detectados anticorpos anti-IBV em aves vacinadas com o Ad5_N. A vacina comercial induziu anticorpos detectáveis a partir do 7º dia pós-vacinal. Em aves vacinadas com o Ad5_N não houve aumento na expressão de IFNγ. Neste estudo, o rAd5_N obtido não conferiu proteção contra desafio com IBV-M41. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de avaliar adenovírus recombinantes expressando outros genes do IBV.(AU)

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The basic underpinnings of homeostatic behavior include interacting with positive items and avoiding negative ones. As the planning aspects of goal-directed actions can be inferred from their movement features, we investigated the kinematics of interacting with emotion-laden stimuli. Participants were instructed to grasp emotion-laden stimuli and bring them toward their bodies while the kinematics of their wrist movement was measured. The results showed that the time to peak velocity increased for bringing pleasant stimuli towards the body compared to unpleasant and neutral ones, suggesting higher easiness in undertaking the task with pleasant stimuli. Furthermore, bringing unpleasant stimuli towards the body increased movement time in comparison with both pleasant and neutral ones while the time to peak velocity for unpleasant stimuli was the same as for that of neutral stimuli. There was no change in the trajectory length among emotional categories. We conclude that during the "reach-to-grasp" and "bring-to-the-body" movements, the valence of the stimuli affects the temporal but not the spatial kinematic features of motion. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that the kinematic features of a goal-directed action are tuned by the emotional valence of the stimuli.

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A retrospective study was conducted to assess the role of initial serum (1,3)-ß-d-glucan (BDG) values in predicting mortality in proven candidaemia. The study was conducted in two large teaching hospitals in Italy and Brazil. From January 2009 to June 2014, all patients with proven candidaemia who underwent a BDG test within 96 hours before or after the first positive blood culture were included in the study. The primary end point was 28-day mortality, with the role of initial BDG being assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the crude 28-day mortality was 30% (31/104). In the final multivariate model, an initial BDG of >287 pg/mL (odds ratio (OR) 4.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56-12.39, p 0.005), haemodialysis (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.24-15.17, p 0.022) and a Pitt score of ≥ 2 (OR 4.10, 95% CI 1.24-13.54, p 0.021) were significant predictors of 28-day mortality. The >287 pg/mL cutoff predicted 28-day mortality with 65% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Centre of enrolment (p for interaction 0.012), haemodialysis (p for interaction 0.062) and timing of BDG test of more than 24 hours before or after the positive culture (p for interaction 0.143) appeared to interact with BDG's ability to predict mortality. Although not statistically significant, the last two of these interactions might partially explain why BDG's ability to predict mortality was present only in the Italian cohort.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is highly disseminated among swine herds worldwide. HEV is also a threat to public health, since particularly genotypes 3 and 4 may cause acute hepatitis in human beings. No previous studies were done on the occurrence of HEV in environmental samples in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the present study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the presence of HEV in swine feces and in effluents from slurry lagoons in farms located in the municipality of Teutônia, inside the area of swine husbandry in the state. Pooled fecal samples from the floor of pig barns from 9 wean-to-finish farms and liquid manure samples were collected from the slurry lagoons from 8 of these farms. From the pooled fecal samples, 8/9 were positive for the HEV ORF1 gene by RT-PCR; all the slurry lagoon samples were positive for HEV RNA (100%). The identity of the HEV ORF1 amplicons was confirmed by sequencing belonging to HEV genotype 3, which was previously shown to be circulating in South America(AU)

O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é altamente disseminado entre rebanhos suínos no mundo todo. O HEV é também uma ameaça à saúde pública, já que os genótipos 3 e 4 podem causar hepatite aguda em seres humanos. Não há estudos anteriores sobre a ocorrência de HEV em amostras ambientais no Rio Grande do Sul. No presente estudo, empregou-se transcrição reversa e reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR) para detectar a presença de HEV em fezes de suínos e efluentes de lagoas de chorume em fazendas localizadas no município de Teutônia, representativo da região de maior produção de suínos no estado. Pools de amostras fecais foram coletadas a partir do chão de galpões de suínos provenientes de 9 propriedades de terminação; outra amostra de esterco líquido foi coletada das lagoas de chorume de 8 dessas fazendas. A partir das amostras fecais reunidas, 8/9 foram positivas para o gene ORF1 de HEV por PCR convencional; todas as amostras de lagoas de chorume foram positivas para RNA de HEV (100%). A identificação dos produtos de amplificação de HEV ORF1 foi confirmada por sequenciamento pertencente ao HEV genótipo 3, o qual foi previamente detectado na América do Sul(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is highly disseminated among swine herds worldwide. HEV is also a threat to public health, since particularly genotypes 3 and 4 may cause acute hepatitis in human beings. No previous studies were done on the occurrence of HEV in environmental samples in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the present study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the presence of HEV in swine feces and in effluents from slurry lagoons in farms located in the municipality of Teutônia, inside the area of swine husbandry in the state. Pooled fecal samples from the floor of pig barns from 9 wean-to-finish farms and liquid manure samples were collected from the slurry lagoons from 8 of these farms. From the pooled fecal samples, 8/9 were positive for the HEV ORF1 gene by RT-PCR; all the slurry lagoon samples were positive for HEV RNA (100%). The identity of the HEV ORF1 amplicons was confirmed by sequencing belonging to HEV genotype 3, which was previously shown to be circulating in South America.

O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é altamente disseminado entre rebanhos suínos no mundo todo. O HEV é também uma ameaça à saúde pública, já que os genótipos 3 e 4 podem causar hepatite aguda em seres humanos. Não há estudos anteriores sobre a ocorrência de HEV em amostras ambientais no Rio Grande do Sul. No presente estudo, empregou-se transcrição reversa e reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR) para detectar a presença de HEV em fezes de suínos e efluentes de lagoas de chorume em fazendas localizadas no município de Teutônia, representativo da região de maior produção de suínos no estado. Pools de amostras fecais foram coletadas a partir do chão de galpões de suínos provenientes de 9 propriedades de terminação; outra amostra de esterco líquido foi coletada das lagoas de chorume de 8 dessas fazendas. A partir das amostras fecais reunidas, 8/9 foram positivas para o gene ORF1 de HEV por PCR convencional; todas as amostras de lagoas de chorume foram positivas para RNA de HEV (100%). A identificação dos produtos de amplificação de HEV ORF1 foi confirmada por sequenciamento pertencente ao HEV genótipo 3, o qual foi previamente detectado na América do Sul.

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Swine effluents must be correctly handled to avoid negative environmental impacts. In this study, the profiles of two swine manure treatment systems were evaluated: a solid-liquid separation step, followed by an anaerobic reactor, and an aerobic step (System 1); and a biodigester followed by serial lagoons (System 2). Both systems were described by the assessment of chemical, bacterial and viral parameters. The results showed that in System 1, there was reduction of chemicals (COD, phosphorus, total Kjeldhal nitrogen - TKN - and NH(3)), total coliforms and Escherichia coli; however, the same reduction was not observed for Salmonella sp. Viral particles were significantly reduced but not totally eliminated from the effluent. In System 2, there was a reduction of chemicals, bacteria and viruses with no detection of Salmonella sp., circovirus, parvovirus, and torque teno virus in the effluent. The chemical results indicate that the treated effluent can be reused for cleaning swine facilities. However, the microbiological results show a need of additional treatment to achieve a complete inactivation for cases when direct contact with animals is required.

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Animal and human wastewater can potentially contaminate water sources and the treatment of drinking water may not effectively remove all contaminants, especially viruses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the viral contamination of water used for human and animal consumption in the city of Concórdia, located in southern Brazil. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine adenovirus (PAdV), human adenovirus (HAdV) and human norovirus (NoV) were searched for using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HAdV-positive samples were tested for viral infectivity by plaque assay. The qPCR results showed that PAdV, PCV2 and HAdV genetic material were present in all sampling sites. NoV was absent in all samples. The presence of genetic material from PAdV and PCV2 was detected in 30% and 45% of the 36 analyzed samples, respectively, with an average of 10(2) gc mL(-1) for PAdV and 10(4) gc mL(-1) for PCV2. HAdV was present in 100% of the samples, with an average of 10(4) gc mL(-1). However, in plaque assay, only 36% of the samples were positive. As viable particles of HAdV were found in drinking water, these results confirm that swine manure and human sewage impact surface water and groundwater, endangering water quality and indicating a potential risk to public health.

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Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a leading cause of diarrhea in puppies in several parts of the world. In this study CPV-2 was detected and recovered from puppies showing clinical disease from Montevideo, Uruguay. Samples were processed and used to infect CRFK and MDCK cells in order to isolate the virus. Out of twelve, two samples were positive for CPV-2. A genomic region of 583 bp was amplified and the molecular characterization was performed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Two isolated viruses (UY1 and UY2) were CPV-2c-like viruses. The comparison between the cytophatic effect (CPE) of CPV-2 (vaccinal virus) and CPV-2c (isolated virus) on primary canine cells cultures and on CRFK line cells, demonstrated that CPV-2c is less citopathogenic in CRFK than in primary cultures. Our study represents the first report on isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in cell cultures from South American dogs.

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Samples were collected at the effluent of two swine manure treatment systems and were analyzed by qPCR to determine the presence and amounts of porcine circovirus (PCV2) genetic material. ST cells were inoculated with the positive samples to evaluate virus viability and for viral genotyping. Twenty-five water samples were collected monthly from treated effluent (March 2009 to December 2010). The PCV2 genome was identified by qPCR in 60% of the samples, and all of the positive samples were able to infect ST cells in vitro. Positive samples were genotyped and 60% of them were positive for both PCV2a and PCV2b, 20% were positive for genotype 2a, and 20% were positive for genotype 2b. Our results suggest that these viruses were able to resist the regular wastewater treatment, and this finding demonstrates the necessity of adding a virus inactivation step to the treatment system to guarantee the safety of water reuse.

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RESUMEN

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a leading cause of diarrhea in puppies in several parts of the world. In this study CPV-2 was detected and recovered from puppies showing clinical disease from Montevideo, Uruguay. Samples were processed and used to infect CRFK and MDCK cells in order to isolate the virus. Out of twelve, two samples were positive for CPV-2. A genomic region of 583 bp was amplified and the molecular characterization was performed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Two isolated viruses (UY1 and UY2) were CPV-2c-like viruses. The comparison between the cytophatic effect (CPE) of CPV-2 (vaccinal virus) and CPV-2c (isolated virus) on primary canine cells cultures and on CRFK line cells, demonstrated that CPV-2c is less citopathogenic in CRFK than in primary cultures. Our study represents the first report on isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in cell cultures from South American dogs.

RESUMEN

Samples collected from two swine manure treatment systems including: swine manure treatment system and demonstrative unit (SMTS and DU), were analyzed by qPCR to quantify the amount of porcine adenovirus (PAdV) and porcine circovirus (PCV2) present. Positive samples were tested for virus integrity using DNase assay. Fifty-six water samples were collected monthly from March 2009 to May 2010. PAdV genome was found 66% of the samples in the SMTS and in 78% of the samples in the DU system. PCV2 was detected in 96% of samples collected from the SMTS system and in 86% of samples from DU. DNase assay revealed that there were undamaged virus particles of both PAdV and PCV2 in all sampling sites in the SMTS. However, undamaged particles of both viruses were detected in samples from the DU system in the affluent and middle sites, though undamaged PCV2 was absent in the effluent samples.

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RESUMEN

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a leading cause of diarrhea in puppies in several parts of the world. In this study CPV-2 was detected and recovered from puppies showing clinical disease from Montevideo, Uruguay. Samples were processed and used to infect CRFK and MDCK cells in order to isolate the virus. Out of twelve, two samples were positive for CPV-2. A genomic region of 583 bp was amplified and the molecular characterization was performed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Two isolated viruses (UY1 and UY2) were CPV-2c-like viruses. The comparison between the cytophatic effect (CPE) of CPV-2 (vaccinal virus) and CPV-2c (isolated virus) on primary canine cells cultures and on CRFK line cells, demonstrated that CPV-2c is less citopathogenic in CRFK than in primary cultures. Our study represents the first report on isolation and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in cell cultures from South American dogs.

RESUMEN

Based on small scale studies or on little sensitive serological tests, bovines in the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are known to be infected with either bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) or 5 (BoHV-5). However, whether the prevalence of each of these viruses is high or low is currently still unknown. In order to determine the extent of BoHV (-1 and/or -5) infections in bovines in this region of Brazil, 200 bovines were studied for the presence of BoHV DNA. To this end, first a quantitative PCR was developed that amplified BoHV-1 DNA as well as BoHV-5 DNA. Using this PCR the number of BoHV genomes normally present in latently infected ganglia of naturally infected bovines was estimated. The new PCR was sensitive enough to detect most BoHV DNA in infected ganglia. The results of this first PCR showed that at least 87% of the bovines in the south of Rio Grande do Sul were (latently) infected with either BoHV-1 or BoHV-5. To determine the prevalence of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 separately, two type-specific PCRs - one for each virus - were developed that used the products of the first PCR as a template. The results of these type-specific PCRs showed that 82.8% of the BoHV positive population was (latently) infected with BoHV-1, 93.1% with BoHV-5 and 75.9% with both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. This is the first time that such a high frequency of co-infection of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 in bovines has been demonstrated.

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Different types and subtypes of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) have been associated to different clinical conditions of cattle, in such a way that type/subtype differentiation has become an essential tool for understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of BoHV infections. In search for a genomic region that would allow a clear distinction between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, the carboxy-terminal portion of glycoprotein C (gC), corresponding to residues 321-450 (BoHV-1) and 301-429 (BoHV-5) of 23 South American (SA) isolates (Brazil mostly) was amplified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence alignments revealed levels of genomic similarity ranging from 98.7 to 99.8% among BoHV-1 isolates, 88.3 to 92% between BoHV-1/BoHV-5 and 96 to 99.7% among BoHV-5 isolates. At the amino acid level, sequence similarity varied ranging from 97.5 to 99.5% among BoHV-1, 77.5 to 84.4% between BoHV-1/BoHV-5 and 92.1 to 99.5% (BoHV-5/BoHV-5). The isolates could be clearly separated into BoHV-1.1, BoHV-1.2 and BoHV-5 after phylogenetic analysis. The results suggest that the phylogenetic analysis performed here can be used as a potential molecular epidemiological tool for herpesviruses.

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Empregou-se a técnica de reação em cadeia pela polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa para detecção do vírus da cinomose canina (CC). Para a padronização da técnica foram selecionados quatro pares de oligonucleotídeos (P1, P2, N1, H1), baseados em seqüências dos genes da fosfoproteína, neuraminidase e hemaglutinina, sendo utilizadas três cepas vacinais de vírus da CC como controles positivos. Foram analisadas três amostras isoladas de cães com cinomose e quatro amostras provenientes de cães com suspeita clínica de cinomose. Não houve amplificação nas amostras com suspeita clínica da doença. Os resultados obtidos com os oligonucleotídeos P1 e N1 foram superiores aos de H1. Os oligonucleotídeos P2 foram considerados inapropriados para a detecção do vírus da CC. Os amplicons obtidos com os oligonucleotídeos P1, N1 e H1 foram clivados com endonucleases de restrição, sendo os perfis das amostras virais comparados aos da amostra vacinal Lederle, utilizada como referência. Um padrão similar de restrição foi observado em todas as amostras analisadas

The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect canine distemper virus (CDV). Four oligonucleotide pairs were selected (P1, P2, N1, H1), based on the sequences of the phosphoprotein, hemagglutinin and nuraminidase genes for assay standardization, and three CDV vaccine strains were used as positive controls. Three viral isolates from dogs with canine distemper and four samples from animals clinically suspected of distemper were analysed. No amplification was detected in suspected samples. Results obtained by using P1 and N1 oligonucleotides were superior to those with H1 ones. P2 oligonucleotides were considered inadequate for CDV detection. Amplicons resulting from amplification of P1, N1 and H1 oligonucleotides were submitted to cleavage by restriction endonucleases and restriction patterns of viral samples were compared to that of Lederle strain used as reference. A similar restriction pattern was observed in all analysed samples

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RESUMEN

Empregou-se a técnica de reação em cadeia pela polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa para detecção do vírus da cinomose canina (CC). Para a padronização da técnica foram selecionados quatro pares de oligonucleotídeos (P1, P2, N1, H1), baseados em seqüências dos genes da fosfoproteína, neuraminidase e hemaglutinina, sendo utilizadas três cepas vacinais de vírus da CC como controles positivos. Foram analisadas três amostras isoladas de cães com cinomose e quatro amostras provenientes de cães com suspeita clínica de cinomose. Não houve amplificação nas amostras com suspeita clínica da doença. Os resultados obtidos com os oligonucleotídeos P1 e N1 foram superiores aos de H1. Os oligonucleotídeos P2 foram considerados inapropriados para a detecção do vírus da CC. Os amplicons obtidos com os oligonucleotídeos P1, N1 e H1 foram clivados com endonucleases de restrição, sendo os perfis das amostras virais comparados aos da amostra vacinal Lederle, utilizada como referência. Um padrão similar de restrição foi observado em todas as amostras analisadas(AU)

The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect canine distemper virus (CDV). Four oligonucleotide pairs were selected (P1, P2, N1, H1), based on the sequences of the phosphoprotein, hemagglutinin and nuraminidase genes for assay standardization, and three CDV vaccine strains were used as positive controls. Three viral isolates from dogs with canine distemper and four samples from animals clinically suspected of distemper were analysed. No amplification was detected in suspected samples. Results obtained by using P1 and N1 oligonucleotides were superior to those with H1 ones. P2 oligonucleotides were considered inadequate for CDV detection. Amplicons resulting from amplification of P1, N1 and H1 oligonucleotides were submitted to cleavage by restriction endonucleases and restriction patterns of viral samples were compared to that of Lederle strain used as reference. A similar restriction pattern was observed in all analysed samples(AU)

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Com o objetivo de avaliar a freqüência de Blastocystis hominis, parasito há pouco tempo reconhecido como protozoário, foram submetidas a exame amostras fecais de 6.559 pacientes encaminhados ao Laboratório de Parasitologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Foram utilizados os métodos de Faust, Kato-Katz, Rugai e direto, encontrando-se 1.097 (16,7por cento) amostras positivas para B. hominis, entre as quais as maiores porcentagens referem-se às faixas etárias acima de 7 anos com uma diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação aos pré-escolares (p<0,0001). Outras parasitoses também foram consideradas: Giardia duodenalis foi o outro parasito mais freqüente (5,6por cento), principalmente em crianças até 6 anos; Strongyloides stercoralis e Trichuris trichiura foram, significativamente, mais freqüentes que as demais helmintíases. Os resultados mostram a situação das parasitoses intestinais em nossa região, destacando-se a elevada porcentagem de exames positivos para B.hominis.

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The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect canine distemper virus (CDV). Four oligonucleotide pairs were selected (P1, P2, N1, H1), based on the sequences of the phosphoprotein, hemagglutinin and nuraminidase genes for assay standardization, and three CDV vaccine strains were used as positive controls. Three viral isolates from dogs with canine distemper and four samples from animals clinically suspected of distemper were analysed. No amplification was detected in suspected samples. Results obtained by using P1 and N1 oligonucleotides were superior to those with H1 ones. P2 oligonucleotides were considered inadequate for CDV detection. Amplicons resulting from amplification of P1, N1 and H1 oligonucleotides were submitted to cleavage by restriction endonucleases and restriction patterns of viral samples were compared to that of Lederle strain used as reference. A similar restriction pattern was observed in all analysed samples.

Empregou-se a técnica de reação em cadeia pela polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa para detecção do vírus da cinomose canina (CC). Para a padronização da técnica foram selecionados quatro pares de oligonucleotídeos (P1, P2, N1, H1), baseados em seqüências dos genes da fosfoproteína, neuraminidase e hemaglutinina, sendo utilizadas três cepas vacinais de vírus da CC como controles positivos. Foram analisadas três amostras isoladas de cães com cinomose e quatro amostras provenientes de cães com suspeita clínica de cinomose. Não houve amplificação nas amostras com suspeita clínica da doença. Os resultados obtidos com os oligonucleotídeos P1 e N1 foram superiores aos de H1. Os oligonucleotídeos P2 foram considerados inapropriados para a detecção do vírus da CC. Os amplicons obtidos com os oligonucleotídeos P1, N1 e H1 foram clivados com endonucleases de restrição, sendo os perfis das amostras virais comparados aos da amostra vacinal Lederle, utilizada como referência. Um padrão similar de restrição foi observado em todas as amostras analisadas.

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During a series of experiments attempting to reproduce clinically apparent bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) infections, a group of calves was inadvertently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Another group of calves was infected with BoHV-5 only. This paper reports the outcome of such infections. Two out of six calves solely infected with BoHV-5 displayed moderate to severe clinical signs. Three out of four calves of the group co-infected with BoHV-5 and BVDV developed severe clinical signs, two of them died. BoHV-5 virus was isolated to higher titres and for a longer period from the group of calves infected with both viruses. These results suggest that BVDV may enhance clinical signs induced by BoHV-5 and may also play a role in extending the period of BoHV-5 shedding.

Durante a realização de experimentos envolvendo inoculações experimentais com herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 (BoHV-5), um grupo de bovinos foi acidentalmente também inoculado com vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV). Os dados obtidos nesta co-infecção foram então comparados a aqueles observados em animais inoculados exclusivamente com BoHV-5. No grupo infectado com BoHV-5 somente, dois dos seis animais inoculados mostraram sinais clínicos de moderados a graves. No grupo co-infectado com BoHV-5 e BVDV, três dos quatro animais desenvolveram doença grave, e dois deles morreram. BoHV-5 foi isolado em títulos maiores e por um período de tempo mais longo no grupo co-infectado. Os resultados sugerem que o BVDV pode exacerbar os sinais clínicos induzidos pelo BoHV-5 e, ainda, aumentou os níveis de excreção deste último.

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