RESUMEN
Tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes of genus Borrelia thrive in enzootic cycles involving Ornithodoros spp. (Argasidae) mainly, and rodents. The isolation of these spirochetes usually involves a murine model in which ticks are fed and the spirochetes detected in blood several days later. Such an experiment also demonstrates that a given species of tick is competent in the transmission of the bacteria. Here, soft ticks Ornithodoros octodontus were collected in Northern Chile with the objective to experimentally determine its capacity to transmit a Borrelia sp. detected in a previous study. Two Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were used to feed nymphs and adults of O. octodontus and the spirochetes in blood were inspected by dark-field microscopy and nested PCR. Although spirochetes were not seen in blood, DNA was detected in only one animal 11 days after the ticks were fed. Genetic sequences of Borrelia flaB, clpX, pepX, recG, rplB, and uvrA genes retrieved from DNA extraction of positive blood were employed to construct two phylogenetic analyses. On the one hand, the flaB tree showed the Borrelia sp. transmitted by O. octodontus clustering with Borrelia sp. Alcohuaz, which was previously detected in that same tick species. On the other hand, concatenated clpX-pepX-recG-rplB-uvrA demonstrated that the characterized spirochete branches together with "Candidatus Borrelia caatinga", a recently discovered species from Brazil. Based on the genetic profile presented in this study, the name "Candidatus Borrelia octodonta" is proposed for the species transmitted by O. octodontus. The fact that spirochetes were not observed in blood of guinea pigs, may reflect the occurrence of low spirochetemia, which could be explained because the susceptibility of infection varies depending on the rodent species that is used in experimental models. Although the vertebrate reservoir of "Ca. Borrelia octodonta" is still unknown, Octodon degus, a rodent species that is commonly parasitized by O. octodontus, should be a future target to elucidate this issue.
Asunto(s)
Argasidae , Borrelia , Escarabajos , Ornithodoros , Fiebre Recurrente , Enfermedades de los Roedores , Animales , Cobayas , Ratones , Ornithodoros/genética , Fiebre Recurrente/veterinaria , Fiebre Recurrente/epidemiología , Fiebre Recurrente/microbiología , Chile , Filogenia , Roedores , ADNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the incidence of neuropsychiatric diseases. Proactive models of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP-p) could play a key role in the prevention and management of these diseases in a general hospital. AIM: To develop a protocol for implementing screening tools for neuropsychiatric symptoms in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Elements of the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model were used to modify the Neuropsychiatric Surveillance protocol implemented at a clinical hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic by members of the hospital's CLP team. RESULTS: A flowchart for active follow-up of neuropsychiatric symptoms during hospitalization is presented, with sequential management and referral flows, accompanied by suggestions for pre-discharge evaluation to define continuity of care actions. The COSMOS tool is also presented, designed for the detection of risk factors and actions for the prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases in general hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The neuropsychiatric surveillance protocol facilitates early and timely interventions and establishes criteria for the continuity of post-discharge care. These changes could improve the quality of care in general hospitals and reduce the gap between mental and physical health.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Hospitales Generales , Cuidados Posteriores , Humanos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Alta del Paciente , Derivación y ConsultaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the incidence of neuropsychiatric diseases. Proactive models of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP-p) could play a key role in the prevention and management of these diseases in a general hospital. AIM: To develop a protocol for implementing screening tools for neuropsychiatric symptoms in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Elements of the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model were used to modify the Neuropsychiatric Surveillance protocol implemented at a clinical hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic by members of the hospital's CLP team. RESULTS: A flowchart for active follow-up of neuropsychiatric symptoms during hospitalization is presented, with sequential management and referral flows, accompanied by suggestions for pre-discharge evaluation to define continuity of care actions. The COSMOS tool is also presented, designed for the detection of risk factors and actions for the prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases in general hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The neuropsychiatric surveillance protocol facilitates early and timely interventions and establishes criteria for the continuity of post-discharge care. These changes could improve the quality of care in general hospitals and reduce the gap between mental and physical health.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , COVID-19 , Hospitales Generales , Alta del Paciente , Derivación y Consulta , Cuidados Posteriores , Pandemias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Chronic and non-healing wounds demand personalized and more effective therapies for treating complications and improving patient compliance. Concerning that, this work aims to develop a suitable chitosan-based thermo-responsive scaffold to provide 24 h controlled release of Dexketoprofen trometamol (DKT). Three formulation prototypes were developed using chitosan (F1), 2:1 chitosan: PVA (F2), and 1:1 chitosan:gelatin (F3). Compatibility tests were done by DSC, TG, and FT-IR. SEM was employed to examine the morphology of the surface and inner layers from the scaffolds. In vitro release studies were performed at 32 °C and 38 °C, and the profiles were later adjusted to different kinetic models for the best formulation. F3 showed the most controlled release of DKT at 32 °C for 24 h (77.75 ± 2.72%) and reduced the burst release in the initial 6 h (40.18 ± 1.00%). The formulation exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 34.96 °C, and due to this phase transition, an increased release was observed at 38 °C (88.52 ± 2.07% at 12 h). The release profile for this formulation fits with Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models at both temperatures. Therefore, the developed scaffold for DKT delivery performs adequate controlled release, thereby; it can potentially overcome adherence issues and complications in wound healing applications.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía bariátrica constituye en la actualidad una alternativa terapéutica eficaz en pacientes con obesidad y comorbilidades. El objetivo fue describir los resultados obtenidos en una serie de pacientes tratados con cirugía bariátrica en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo realizado en los pacientes tratados con cirugía bariátrica e ingresados en el departamento de Cirugía del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga durante el periodo comprendido entre 2009 y 2013. Se estudiaron las medidas antropométricas, niveles de glicemia, perfil lipídico (colesterol, triglicéridos y HDL) y los niveles de tensión arterial previos a la cirugía y 3 controles posteriores (tercer, sexto y duodécimo mes posquirúrgico) para proceder a describir los resultados y compararlos en el tiempo de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 71 pacientes con diagnóstico de obesidad mórbida (81.5 % mujeres y 18.5 % varones) con una edad media de 44 ±10 años. El peso medio prequirúrgico fue de 110.16 ±18.6 kg y el IMC de 42.6 ±46 Kg/m2. Al tercer mes, sexto mes y un año después del procedimiento quirúrgico, el IMC promedio fue de 34.54 Kg/m2, 31.64 Kg/m2 y 30.36 Kg/m2 respectivamente. El 90.8 % de los pacientes con dislipidemia, el 100 % de los diabéticos y el 98.5 % de los hipertensos normalizaron sus perfiles correspondientes tras 12 meses. El 7.04 % de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones posquirúrgicas y la mortalidad alcanzó un 5.6 %. CONCLUSIÓN: La cirugía bariátrica constituye un procedimiento útil en la actualidad para el control de la obesidad en sus distintos grados y la reducción de los efectos de las comorbilidades asociadas a ésta como la hipertensión, diabetes y dislipidemia.(au)
BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is consideredan effective treatment option in patients with obesity and comorbidities. The aim was to describe the results of bariatric surgery in patients from José Carrasco Arteaga Specialities Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was performed in patients treated with bariatric surgery and admitted to Surgery department at José Carrasco Arteaga Specialities Hospital from 2009 to 2013. Anthropometric measures, glucose blood levels, lipid panel (cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL) and blood pressure measures were registered before the surgery and three, six and twelve months after it to describe the results and compare them through follow-up. RESULTS: 71 patients diagnosed with morbid obesity (81.5 % male and 18.5 % female) were studied; their mean age was 45 ±10 years. Average preoperative weight was 110.16 ±18.6 kg and BMI was 42.6 ±4.6 kg/m2. BMI decreased to 34.54kg/m2, 31.64kg/m2 and 30.36kg/m2 after three, six and twelve months respectively. 90.8 % of patients with dyslipidemia, 100 % of diabetics and 98.5 % of hypertensive patients had normal values of their profiles after 12 months. Postoperative complications represented 7.04 % and mortality rate reached 5.6 %. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery is a useful procedure to control obesity and the effects associated to its comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.(au)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Comorbilidad , Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad/terapia , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
Roselle is a plant that accumulates anthocyanins significantly, hence its importance as food coloring and as a source of antioxidant compounds for human health. This study was aimed to determine phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts, and beverages obtained from native roselle cultivars in Mexico (Negra, Sudan, Rosa and Blanca) with different degrees of pigmentation, and to establish the color-composition relationship. Chromatographic methods were used to determine phenolic compounds: flavanols, flavonols, benzoic, hibiscus and phenolic acids as well as two main anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-sambubioside and delphinidin 3-sambubioside). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by ABTS and FRAP assays. Tristimulus colorimetry showed to be a useful technique to determine the color-composition relationship, leading to equations that allowed to predict anthocyanin content of roselle (R > 0.84). Also, a stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) was developed in order to classify roselle cultivars. The obtained mathematical model could be an important tool to be used in colorimetric characterization of functional compounds used in food processing.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Hibiscus/química , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Bebidas/análisis , Color , Disacáridos/análisis , Disacáridos/metabolismo , México , Análisis Multivariante , Fenoles/metabolismo , Pigmentación , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
El ácido hialurónico es un glicosaminoglicano presente en todos los tejidos del cuerpo, matrizextracelular y revistiendo vasos sanguíneos. El ácido hialurónico es igual en todo el cuerpo y debido a estoes biocompatible al ser aplicado en los seres humanos, tiene diversos usos que lo hacen actualmente objeto de investigaciones. En personas con cáncer de pulmón reduce la propagación de células tumorales e incrementa la regeneración de tejido sano. Tambiénse utiliza en tratamientos para la artritis, ya que resulta beneficioso al regenerar cartílago de las articulaciones y por ende un alivio en personas con dichos problemas. El ácido hialurónico ha tenido aceptación en su utilización para el tratamiento estético, teniendo resultados considerables y con duración semipermanente. Otro uso destacable es su aplicación para el ojo seco, que por su presentación en gotas brinda al paciente una hidratación, permitiendoasí curar este mal. Por los múltiples usos del ácido hialurónico es importante estudiar más sobre él, proponiendo nuevas alternativas en diferentes áreas de salud. La metodología usada en la presente revisión, fue la búsqueda sistemática de artículos actualizadosen revistas médicas nacionales e internacionales; posteriormente se filtró la información obtenida basándose en el objetivo general de la revisión: Descripción de las aplicaciones clínicas del ácido hialurònico, en diferentes áreas de la medicina..(AU).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Bases de Datos Bibliográficas/estadística & datos numéricos , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacocinética , Polisacáridos , Regeneración/genéticaRESUMEN
Resumen Astropyga pulvinata es un diademátido que posee cinco pares de series de puntos iridiscentes presentes en los interambulacros. A partir de la observación 20 individuos in vivo a través de un estereoscopio y el análisis con un Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido se identificaron los pedicelarios, las espículas y las rosetas calcáreas de los pies ambulacrales. Los pedicelarios presentes en A. pulvinata son trivalvados y de tres tipos: claviformes (oficéfalos) presentes en ambulacro; tridentados distribuidos en el peristoma; y trifoliados presentes en toda la testa excepto en los interambulacros. Los pedicelarios claviformes son los únicos que no están unidos por un pedúnculo calcáreo de tipo diadematoide. Se obtuvieron diez tipos de espículas de diversos tejidos blandos: uno del intestino; tres de la membrana anal y seis del peristoma, dos de las cuales no han sido descritas hasta el momento. Uno de estos nuevos tipos de espículas reportados posee forma de basto y otro de media luna. De las observaciones in vivo se encontraron puntos iridiscentes más pequeños presentes en el ambitus constituidos por aproximadamente ocho células.
Abstract Astropyga pulvinata is a sea urchin of the family Diadematidae that have five pairs of series of blue iridescent spots on interambulacral zones, from in vivo observation of 20 individuals under stereo-microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope analysis identification, the pedicellariae, spicules, and calcareous rosettes. The pedicellariae of A. pulvinata have three valves and are of three types: claviform, present on ambulacres; tridentates present on peristome and triphyllous present all over the test except in interambulacral areas. So ophicephalous pedicellariae are not bounded with a calcareous stalk. Ten types of spicules were observed from different soft tissues: one type from the intestine; three from the anal membrane; and six from the peristome, two of them constitute new diagnostic characters. One of them having a bat-shaped form and the other one with a waning crescent shape. In vivo observations showed that the blue iridescent spots were present on interambulacral areas as group of 35 cells bounded, and that other smaller spots were present on the ambitus, composed by eight cells. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 49-58. Epub 2015 June 01.
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Animales , Erizos de Mar/anatomía & histología , Equinodermos/anatomía & histología , Clasificación , Sistemas de Identificación AnimalRESUMEN
Background The properties of natural pigments, such as antioxidants, functional, medical, and nutraceutical, have demonstrated the advantages of these natural compounds over synthetic ones. Some products are accepted only when they are pigmented with natural, food-quality colorants: for example poultry products (manly marigold flower extracts). Carotenoids such as β-carotene, β-criptoxanthin and lutein are very attractive as natural food colorants due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin activities which provide additional value to the target products. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an Asteraceous ornamental plant native to Mexico, and it is also important as a carotenoid source for industrial and medicinal purposes but nowadays its production is destined mainly for ornamental purposes. Results Friable callus of T. erecta yellow flower (YF) and white flower (WF) varieties was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.0 µM 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.8 µM benzyladenine (BA). Calluses developed from both varieties were different in pigmentation. Extract characterization from callus cultures was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analytical process detected several carotenoids; the main pigments in extracts from YF callus were lutein and zeaxanthin, whereas in the extracts of the WF callus the main pigments were lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. Callus cultures of T. erecta accumulated pigments even after several rounds of subculture. Conclusions WF callus appeared to be a suitable candidate as a source of different carotenoids, and tested varieties could represent an alternative for further studies about in vitro pigment production.
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Carotenoides/biosíntesis , Tagetes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tagetes/metabolismo , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Luteína , Pigmentación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Germinación , Técnicas de CultivoRESUMEN
The morphostructure of grain rice Morelos A-98 was characterized in five stages of physiological maturation, in order to generate morphometric information during the filling process. Micrographic images from optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a digital capture system were used. Images were digitally processed to measure different descriptors such as shape, fractal dimension, and surface texture. Results showed that, two weeks after anthesis, an accelerated grain filling was observed, particularly on those grains positioned in the distal panicle zone, compared to those located in the base of this one. As deposition of assimilates in the grain increased, the area and perimeter of the transversal cut of the grains also increased (P ≤ 0.05); meanwhile, the rounded shape factor tended to increase as well (P ≤ 0.05), while the elliptic shape factor decreased. As the dehydrated endosperm passed from "milky" to "doughy" stages, values of fractal dimension area and endosperm perimeter as well as surface texture values showed that grain borders tended to become smoother and that there was a greater structured endosperm area (P ≤ 0.05).
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Oryza/genética , Oryza/fisiología , Grano Comestible , Endospermo/fisiología , Fractales , Variación Genética , México , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/métodos , Modelos Estadísticos , Óptica y Fotónica , Semillas , Propiedades de Superficie , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Loxosceles laeta es una araña de importancia en Chile por su alta morbiletalidad en humanos. La gran mayoría de los pacientes con mordedura por esta araña consultan en servicios de atención primaria y de urgencia. Es relevante conocer su morfología para identificarla en forma precoz y tener una conducta médica adecuada a seguir. Se ilustra su morfología con fotos de microscopía de barrido destacando sus aspectos más fundamentales entre ellos sus seis ojos dispuestos en forma triangular