Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Endocarditis Bacteriana/cirugía , Endocarditis Bacteriana/complicaciones , UruguayRESUMEN
El propósito de este trabajo fue estandarizar la prueba de ELISA indirecta para la detec ción de anticuerpos y evaluar una prueba inmunoenzimática de detección de coproantígenos (ES-78 sandwich ELISA) para el diagnóstico de Fasciola hepatica en alpacas. En la prueba de ELISA indirecta se emplearon los productos de excreción y secreción (ES) como antígenos y se obtuvo un inmunoconjugado de peroxidasa anti-IgG de alpacas por cromatografía de afinidad a proteína A. La prueba de ensayo inmunoenzimática de detección fue evaluada mediante el kit de diagnóstico FASCIDIG, el cual detecta antígenos metabólicos usando el anticuerpo monoclonal AcM-ES78 de la subclase IgG 2a. En el ELISA Indirecto se obtuvieron valores de densidad óptica (DO) entre 0.075 a 1.435 donde el punto de corte fue de 0.226. Los animales del grupo control positivo fueron positivos a la prueba con valores entre 0.331 y 1.435. Los animales del grupo control negativo resultaron negativos a la prueba con valores de 0.075 a 0.226. En el ELISA para coproantígenos se obtuvieron valores de DO entre 0.060 y 1.532, donde el punto de corte fue de 0.240. Los animales del grupo control positivo resultaron positivos con valores de DO de 0.244 a 1.532 y los animales del grupo control negativo resultaron negativos a la prueba con valores entre 0.060 a 0.240. Los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo fueron del 100 por ciento para las dos pruebas de ELISA. Ambas pruebas pueden sustituir al examen coproparasitológico, tanto en el diagnóstico individual, como en rebaños con infección por F. hepatica. El ELISA indirecto demostró ser un método sensible y útil para el diagnóstico de fasciolosis pasiva en alpacas. El ELISA para la detección de coproantígenos es un método simple, rápido y eficaz en la detección de infección activa por F. hepatica.
The aim of this study was to standardize the indirect ELISA test for the detection of antibodies and to evaluate a coproantigen detection test (ES-78 sandwich ELISA) for the Fasciola hepatica diagnoses in alpacas. For the indirect ELISA, the excretionsecretion products (ES) were used as antigens and a peroxidasa anti IgG immunoconjugate of alpaca was obtained through protein A affinity cromatography. The detection ELISA was tested with the FASCIDIG diagnostic kit, which detects metabolics antigens using an AcM-ES78 monoclonal antibody of the IgG 2a sub class. Optical Density (OD) values between 0.075 and 1.435 were obtained using the indirect ELISA, where the cut-off point was 0.226. The positive control group animals were positive to the test with values between 0.331 and 1.435. The negative control group animals were negative to the test with values between 0.075 and 0.226. OD values between 0.060 and 1.532 were obtained using the coproantigen detection ELISA, where the cut-off point was 0.240. The positive control group animals were positive to the test with OD values between 0.244 and 1.532 and the negative control group animals were negative to the test with values between 0.060 and 0.240. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 100 per cent for both ELISA tests. Both test can replace the coproparasitologic test. They are suitable for individual diagnosis and for herd diagnosis infections with F. hepatica. The indirect ELISA has demonstrated to be a useful and sensitive tool for the pasive fasciolosis diagnosis in alpacas. The coproantigen detection ELISA is a simple, fast and efficient method in the detection of active F. hepatica infection.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Anticuerpos , Antígenos , Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Fasciola hepaticaRESUMEN
Water supply for all kind of uses in Chihuahua is mainly groundwater. During the last decade this city has been damaged with a heavy hydrologic crisis because of a persistent drought. This came up with the overexploitation of groundwater aquifers; therefore a deficit between demand and offer was done. To minimize this problem the government authorities have started an integral plan of optimizing hydrologic resources which considers the treatment of wastewater and the use of reclaimed water. The secondary wastewater treatment facility of the city treats about 30,000 m3/d of a wastewater with high organic contents, and produces an effluent with low concentration of suspended solids, organic matter, fats, detergents, and metals. Reclaimed water is conveyed toward strategic sites for the irrigation of great green areas in sport clubs, educational institutions and industrial zones, besides of its utilization on some manufacturing processes, road service, and also over construction industry. The potential reuse of this water goes farther from those activities; the treatment of the secondary effluent until the required levels of the water-bearing recharge criteria are met for drinking water supply is considered as the next step to achieve through a suitable planning strategy for the best integral resource advantage.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Clima Desértico , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Agricultura , Desastres , Humanos , Industrias , México , Suelo , Contaminantes del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although the neurological manifestations of HIV infection occur at any age, children with perinatal AIDS are affected earlier and with greater impact. There are no published data about a potential association between HIV encephalopathy and viral load in THE CSF OF the pediatric population. DESIGN: Twenty-three children, aged 7 months to 10 years, were studied as part of a multicenter international study that evaluated double versus triple antiretroviral therapy. Samples of CSF and plasma were collected for HIV RNA measurements on day 0 and on follow-up weeks 8, 16, and 48. Neurological assessments, psychological evaluations, and CT scans were done on admission and at study end. Viral isolates were processed for genotypic resistance. RESULTS: No correlation between viral load in CSF and plasma was detected at study onset. Eighty percent of children had >2 log HIV RNA in CSF at day 0 but only 30% at week 16. Eight subjects responded favorably to therapy and their CSF had undetectable viral load during follow-up determinations. On day 0, 72% of children had identical patterns of genotypic resistance in CSF and plasma samples. At week 48, however, only 11% of these subjects had identical patterns. On day 0, 83% of children had abnormal neurological findings but these alterations declined to 35% at week 48 (p = 0.004). Most children with neurological abnormalities had detectable CSF viral loads (65% vs 17%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The data generated in this study suggest that CSF and plasma behave as two different body compartments in terms of HIV dynamics and resistance mutants. Presence of neurological abnormalities correlate with detection of HIV in CSF and these alterations improve as therapy decreases CSF viral load. These results underscore the importance of using ARV drugs with good CNS penetration for optimal management of HIV-infected young children.
Asunto(s)
Antirretrovirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por VIH , Complejo SIDA Demencia/diagnóstico , Complejo SIDA Demencia/tratamiento farmacológico , Complejo SIDA Demencia/virología , Factores de Edad , Antirretrovirales/administración & dosificación , Sangre/virología , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/virología , Niño , Preescolar , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Farmacorresistencia Viral/genética , Quimioterapia Combinada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Genotipo , VIH/genética , VIH/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Infecciones por VIH/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Lactante , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Mutación , ARN Viral/sangre , ARN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Factores de Tiempo , Carga ViralRESUMEN
Objetivo: presentar tres casos de tuberculosis mamaria. Material y método: Se revisó las historias clínicas de tres pacientes con tuberculosis mamaria diagnosticados clínica e histopatológicamente en el Centro de Salud Progreso entre 1998 y 1999. resultados: Los tres casos fueron pacientes mujeres con edades entre 27 y 31 años. La tumoración era flogótica y de consistencia variada, sin adenopatía axilar. El diagnóstico de la biopsia fue proceso inflamatorio crónico granulomatoso consistente con etiología tuberculosa. Todas tuvieron evolución favorable postratamiento antituberculoso y quirúrgico. Conclusión: comunicamos tres casos de tuberculosis mamaria donde no se objetiva afectación extramamaria.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Tuberculosis , Enfermedades de la MamaRESUMEN
Ten healthy patients with term pregnancy resolved by abdominal via. During the surgical procedure samples of umbilical chord serum and maternal adipose tissue, were taken. In all the samples, together with the maternal milk collected the day 10 of puerperium, the concentrations of the following organochlorine pesticides, were measured up: (PCC); beta-BHC; gamma-BHC; heptachloride; aldrin; dieldrin, DDE, DDD, DDT and methoxychloride. The identification and quantification of pesticides was done by the comparison with standards certified by NIST (National Institute of Standard Technology). The general characteristics of the participants were: primigestas of 24.1 years aged, married and of a low socioeconomical level. As to the neonates, of 39 weeks of gestational age, female sex; 3,311 g of corporal weight and size of 51.1 cm. In all the analyzed samples at least one of the organochlorine pesticides was present. The results of correlation analysis between DDT concentration, present in the maternal serum with those identified in the adipose tissue and serum from the umbilical chord were highly significant: a = 0.97 and 0.87, respectively. In the maternal milk the highest concentrations of total DDT, were found, average of 2053 ng/g lipidic base, which is 2.8 times more of daily accepted intake. Likewise, DDT concentration in maternal serum kept exponential relation, growing with age (a = 0.99).
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/química , DDT/análisis , Sangre Fetal/química , Insecticidas/análisis , Leche Humana/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Aldrín/análisis , Aldrín/sangre , Puntaje de Apgar , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , DDT/sangre , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/análisis , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/sangre , Diclorodifenildicloroetano/análisis , Diclorodifenildicloroetano/sangre , Dieldrín/análisis , Dieldrín/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Insecticidas/sangre , Masculino , Paridad , Periodo Posparto , Embarazo , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
The Carcinoide tumors are infrequent. The come from neuroendocrine argentafine cells, probably related to cells of the APUD system. They are rarely found in the mediastinum. We are reporting a case, and bringing forward some biological, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. We also emphasize over the diagnosis and treatment, and the basics to evaluate the prognosis
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Neoplasias del Mediastino , Tumor Carcinoide , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The Carcinoide tumors are infrequent. The come from neuroendocrine argentafine cells, probably related to cells of the APUD system. They are rarely found in the mediastinum. We are reporting a case, and bringing forward some biological, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. We also emphasize over the diagnosis and treatment, and the basics to evaluate the prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Tumor Carcinoide , Neoplasias del Mediastino , Anciano , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnósticoRESUMEN
We describe a variety of toxoplasmic lesions in seven patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The first patient had multiple small-intestinal ulcers associated with Toxoplasma tachyzoites and high antibody titers; he died of disseminated histoplasmosis. The second patient, who died of tuberculosis, also had an inactive chronic Toxoplasma infection, with tissue cysts in the brain that were associated with glial nodules. A third patient died of Toxoplasma encephalitis, manifested by multiple foci of necrosis associated with Toxoplasma tachyzoites, cysts, and hypertrophic arteritis. A fourth patient had been treated for toxoplasmic encephalitis with co-trimoxozol (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination) for 3 to 4 days and showed degenerating tachyzoites associated with necrotic areas. A fifth patient, treated for toxoplasmic encephalitis with co-trimoxazol for 14 days, had necrotic lesions associated with Toxoplasma antigen and a few cysts. A sixth patient with encephalitis and Toxoplasma tachyzoites and young cysts in the biopsy showed healed brain lesions after 22 days of treatment. A seventh patient, diagnosed radiologically and serologically with Toxoplasma encephalitis, was treated for 7 months; his ring-enhancing lesions subsided, and he died of a central nervous system lymphoma. Toxoplasma could not be isolated from the brain, although toxoplasmic DNA was detected in the brain and heart by polymerase chain reaction. The pathogenesis of the range of these lesions, their diagnosis, and the possibility of terminating Toxoplasma infection by prolonged chemotherapy are discussed.
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Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/patología , Toxoplasmosis/patología , Adulto , Encéfalo/patología , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Pruebas Serológicas/métodos , Toxoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/patologíaRESUMEN
The authors present a case of Goodpasture's syndrome with necrotizing vasculitis of spleen and appendix. Serological examination shows antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The authors review the literature to establish if this or other similar cases can be considered a distinct disease entity. The authors also mention the laboratory methods that are currently being used to classify more precisely the vasculitides associated with glomerulonephritis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad por Anticuerpos Antimembrana Basal Glomerular/diagnóstico , Anticuerpos/sangre , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Glomérulos Renales/inmunología , Adulto , Enfermedad por Anticuerpos Antimembrana Basal Glomerular/patología , Anticuerpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Apéndice/patología , Membrana Basal/inmunología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón/patología , Pulmón/patología , Necrosis , Bazo/patologíaRESUMEN
The authors present a case of Goodpasture's syndrome with necrotizing vasculitis of spleen and appendix. Serological examination shows antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The authors review the literature to establish if this or other similar cases can be considered a distinct disease entity. The authors also mention the laboratory methods that are currently being used to classify more precisely the vasculitides associated with glomerulonephritis