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Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) is considered an area of significant importance in the medical and scientific community. However, the availability of exposure data for indoor and outdoor locations in universities is limited and currently inconsiderate in Latin America. The aim of this work was to evaluate the electric field levels due to mobile telecommunication technologies and Wi-Fi to which students and faculty staff from two campuses of a higher education institution are exposed. Using a portable spectrum analyzer, we carried out 516 short-term measurements in the 800-3000 MHz frequency range at both indoor and outdoor locations. These locations were chosen to cover all areas of the assessed buildings. The electric field differences between floors and buildings are discussed. Finally, we compared the electric field levels with exposure limits. The highest electric field level measured was 13.97 V/m at the 850 MHz band. However, the average electric field values were below 2 V/m. The greatest contribution to the total electric field was due to sources using the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands (98%), while the contribution of the Wi-Fi network was low (1.0%). The results show that all the electric field levels measured were lower than the ICNIRP reference levels for radio-frequency exposure.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La agresividad forma parte de las manifestaciones comportamentales asociadas a algunos trastornos mentales, es un síntoma de difícil manejo y, con frecuencia, es refractaria a las medidas farmacológicas. La cirugía de los trastornos del comportamiento surge como una alternativa terapéutica. Este procedimiento consiste en realizar intervenciones sobre distintas estructuras del sistema límbico, con el fin de corregir la alteración del circuito que estaría implicado en la producción de los síntomas. OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados clínicos de la hipotalamotomía posterior con gamma knife en el control de la agresividad en 20 pacientes refractarios al tratamiento, intervenidos en el Centro Médico Imbanaco entre 2013 y 2018. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: La gravedad de la agresividad se cuantificó mediante la escala de agresividad manifiesta (OAS) y la escala de impresión clínica global (CGI-SI), y su impacto funcional, a través de la escala de evaluación de la actividad global (EEAG). RESULTADOS: El control de la agresividad se observó en todos los pacientes tratados con hipotalamotomía posterior con gamma knife, evidenciado por la disminución en las puntuaciones de la OAS y la CGI-SI y la mejoría en la EEAG. CONCLUSIONES: La hipotalamotomía posterior muestra bajas complicaciones, seguridad en el procedimiento y buenos resultados, lo cual sugiere que podría ser una buena alternativa de tratamiento en los casos de agresividad refractaria donde las medidas farmacológicas y terapéuticas parecen agotarse
INTRODUCTION: Aggressiveness is part of the behavioural manifestations associated with some mental disorders; it is a symptom that is difficult to manage and is often resistant to pharmacological measures. Surgery for behavioural disorders emerges as a therapeutic alternative. This procedure consists in performing interventions on different structures of the limbic system in order to correct the alteration of the circuit involved in producing the symptoms. AIM: To describe the clinical outcomes of a posterior hypothalamotomy with gamma knife to control aggressiveness in 20 patients resistant to treatment, who underwent surgery at the Imbanaco Medical Centre between 2013 and 2018. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The severity of the aggressiveness was quantified using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-SI), and its functional impact is evaluated using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF). RESULTS: Control over aggressiveness was observed in all patients treated by posterior hypothalamotomy with gamma knife, evidenced by a decrease in the scores on the OAS and CGI-SI and an improvement in the GAF. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior hypothalamotomy gives rise to few complications, is a safe procedure and offers good results, suggesting that it could be a good alternative treatment in cases of treatment-resistant aggressiveness where it seems that all the possible pharmacological and therapeutic measures have failed
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This work presents the development of 3D computational models that represent two studies about in-vitro cellular experimentation of cell stimulated by magnetic and electric field. The development considered the construction of the stimulation devices, the cell seeding, and the creation of the 3D computational models representing the arrangements. The models and their electromagnetic analysis were done in the ANSYS program. The volumes considered were: source of stimulation, Falcon cell culture plate, cell content, and space for zero potential. The electric field stimulation model considered an applied electric field between 250 V/m and 1 kV/m. While the magnetic field stimulation model considered an applied magnetic field between 0.5 mT and 2.0 mT. For both models, the frequency range was between 5 Hz and 105 Hz. As a result, the error between the stimulation devices and the created models was lower than 5%. The homogeneous area of the magnetic and electric field was established and the behavior of field strength produced by the stimulation devices was the expected one. In both models, the induced current density was the variable evaluated in the cellular material. The current density induced by the applied magnetic field was greater than by the applied electric field.