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The Guard aerosol generator is a universal multioperational device without a field-of-use restriction in the application of permitted chemical and biological substances, by combining the function of a controlled dispersion aerosol generator and a remote small- and large-drop sprayer in one mechanism and can use aerosol pesticides. The drop fractionation range is as follows: 3-50, 50-100, 100-300, and 200-400 microm for aerosol, dead water, small-drop, and large-drop spraying, respectively, with smooth and step control of working liquid drops. Treatment using the Guard generator has been shown to be highly effective against agricultural and forestry pests. This paper describes the advantages of the Guard sprayer over those of the conventional air and ground ones. The long-term use of the Guard generator to control mosquitoes and ticks in the Tyumen region could substantially improve the epidemiological situation of tick-borne infections and protect children's recreation centers from attacks of bloodsuckers.

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There are synchronous undulating variations in the number of ticks and in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis in the south of the Tyumen Region. Since 1990s, there has been an increase in the incidence of tick-borne infections and in the number of ticks. The highest epidemic risk areas of 1418 have been treated with acaricides due to the additional financing made by the Tyumen Region in 2002-2004. The treatments with the agents Sipaz-super and Briz (25% c.e. cipermethrin) have ensured 98-100% freedom of the areas from ticks. In Tyumen and in the south of the Tyumen Region, the number of human suction of ticks has reduced from 601 and 1231 per 100,000 in 2001 to 424 and 658 cases in 2004, respectively. The authors have developed guidelines for tick-controlling measures in large areas of the Tyumen Region.

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Measures for protection of the general population from the attacks of vectors of natural and focal infections were implemented by OOO "Spetsbioservis" at the expense of the regional budget in the involving foci oftick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Ixodes tick-borne encephalitis in the south of the Tyumen Region during 2002-2004. The organizational and tactical issues of ground antitick treatments were perfected during this work. The paper describes the maximum effective completeness of teams of disinfectors and their supply with materials and equipment, as applied to local conditions. This scheme of organizational and tactical measures for acaricidal treatments in the south of the Tyumen Region in 2002-2004 has indicated their high effectiveness and mobility. In 2002-2003, tick bites were not recorded in children's health facilities. In these years, the incidence of TBE in the population of Tyumen reduced by 39.3% as compared with 2001. The qualitative implementation of acaricidal treatments, their extended scopes, successively intensified sanitary educational work among the population, and introduced personal prophylactic agents (repellents and protective clothes) will substantially affect the epidemiological situation associated with tick-borne infections in the region.

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Field trials of an aerosolic regulated dispersity generator used to protect the areas of children's health centers (CHC) from bloodsucking two-winged insects were performed within the framework of the Tumen Administration's program on human protection from tick-borne encephalitis in the 2003 season. The technological parameters of the generator's operation and the organizational and tactical points of aerosolic treatments were worked on during these trials. The latter demonstrated the high efficiency of the use of insecticidal aerosols for the protection of CHC areas. The elaborated scheme of measures permitted large-scale aerosolic treatments in an area of more than 12,000 m2, by protecting 15 CHCs from attacking of bloodsucking insects. The obtained positive results may be used by specialists in other regions of Siberia.

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In the middle Ob River Valley (north and moderate taiga), a large number of bloodsucking dipterans (mosquitoes, blackflies, biting midges, horseflies) are recorded during 90-100 days; the activity of Ixodes persulcatus and their attack on humans are notified during 90-115 days. A package of measures that protect petroleum industrial workers from the attacks of bloodsucking insects and ticks includes the use of protective suits, the treatment of premises with insecticides, the use of repellents, and health education. Protective means for workers should be the items included into the list of expenses on safety measures. Work is done on a cost-accounting principle. The introduced system annually shows a high efficiency (95-98%) in protecting large groups of workers in their working places.

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The acaricidal activity of Fewry-med (10% zeta-zipermethrin) against Ixodes persulcatus was studied in laboratory and field conditions. The drug's doses of 0.01-0.005 g/m2 (as calculated for active ingredient) provided 100% death of ticks when forest areas (Tyumen' Province) were treated. The efficiency of treatment preserved within 31 days (the follow-up period). When Fewry-med was used in a dose of 0.005 and 0.01 g/m2, the soil levels of zeta-zipermethrin was lower than the maximum allowable concentration at days 7 and 14 after treatment. In the treated areas, the size of crawling representatives of the entomofauna restored at day 25. The drug may be recommended for industrial trials.

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The aerosols derived from the designed 2% permethrine-containing pyrotechnical formulations (tablets and briquets) were tested for their effects in laboratory and field conditions. When tested in the chamber, its LC50 and LC99 were 0.056 and 0.43 mg/m2 (as calculated for the active ingredient), respectively, for Ae. aegypti mosquitos exposed to 15 min in the polycarprolactam plastic trap and 2.99 and 5.66 mg/m2 (for the active ingredient) for M. domestica flies exposed to an hour. LC99 for C. pipiens ranged 2 to 5 mg/m2 in the field conditions when treating the basements with varying airtightness. The effective dosage ensuring a 100% death of M. domestica in the animal-breeding premises of various types is 10 mg/m2 on an hour exposure.

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A high insecticidal activity of K-otrin (flow), a preparation containing 2.5% of deltametrin, towards various arthropods, was revealed in laboratory experiments and in field trials. The effective doses were determined: 0.01-0.1 g/m2. Residual effects of the insecticide on the treated surfaces persist for 3 months and longer. Toxicologic studies revealed the possibility of using K-otrin for medical disinfection. The preparation is permitted for use by the Ministry of Health.

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The authors characterize the annual cycle of An. pulcherrimus population, distinguish the stages of this cycle that differ by the population composition and number and by the size of its area. The spatial structure of the population depends on the site of water bodies for wintering and the conditions at different territories. High numbers of mosquitoes were found in the southern part of the oasis at villages of rice-growing farmers. Mosquito population densities in the central parts of the oasis are much lower and are increased nearby sandy islets.

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Data on fauna of bloodsucking mosquitos (Culicidae), obtained during the survey in the irrigated part of Takhta-Kupyr District of Kara-Kalpakia in 1988-1989, are presented. The density of mosquito populations of mass species in different parts of the oasis is, to a great extent, caused by the presence of reservoirs of different types and also by the features of anthropogenic landscapes.

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The optimal bactoculicide/sphaerolarvicide ratio in combination using against Aedes aegypti larvae was established in laboratory by selection. The field trials of the selected BS/BT sample containing the ingredients in titer: bactoculicide-83, sphaerolarvicide-17 were conducted in the arid area of Central Asia. With 1 g/m2, complete mortality of Culex, Aedes and Anopheles larvae was obtained with the residual larvicidal action of 15 days. It is recommended to carry out more large-scale trials of the preparation against Anopheles larvae in different regions.

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Large-scale trials of bacterial insecticides (Bac. sphaericus and Bac. thuringiensis) and of 5 synthetic pyrethroids were carried out in Nukus, Uzbekistan, in order to evaluate their effectiveness against Culex pipiens molestus Forsk (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding in flooded basements in urban areas. Lambdacyhaothrine (Karate, 5% e.c.) in the dosage of 0.01 g/m2 A. I. was found to be the most effective. Application of permethrine containing thermosublimated briquettes for quick elimination of adult mosquitoes combined with application of residual larvicides proved to be the best way to control basement breeding mosquitoes.

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Primary observations on insecticide resistance and irritability in Anopheles martinius and An. pulcherrimus were carried out in Karakalpakia. Both the species were completely susceptible to malathion and fenitrothion, and An. pulcherrimus was also susceptible to propoxur and DDT. An. martinius had a moderate resistance to DDT, which decreased by the autumn, and initial stage of resistance to propoxur probably based on knockdown mechanism. In both the species irritability was to DDT high, and was lower to malathion, propoxur and especially fenitrothion. During the season, irritability to the four insecticides was decreasing in An. pulcherrimus, and in An. martinius; it was high in April but became moderate or low in July and then began to grow again reaching the initial high level in November. No relation between the seasonal changes of irritability and rounds of insecticide spraying was noticed. It is supposed that a genetically and physiologically stipulated mechanism of the seasonal variability of irritability exists in mosquito populations.

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