RESUMEN
We evaluated six alternative methods of prostate volume determination by transrectal ultrasound, three based on planimetry and three based on measurement of prostate diameters. Prostate volume measurements were made on an average of 6.5 occasions over a 3 y period on 41 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, using standard techniques. We defined the average of multiple planimetries as the prostate reference volume. Agreement with the reference volume and reproducibility at repeat testing was in the same range for single planimetry and volume determinations based on the formulas height (H) x width (W) x length (L) x pi/6 and W x W x H x pi/6, but was poorer using the formula W x W x W x pi/6. Using the average result of two successive planimetry measurements increased the reproducibility of planimetry, being statistically significantly better than for one single planimetry (P=0.024) or for the formula W x W x H x pi/6 (P=0.048). Our study suggests that the simple formula based methods of prostate volume determination provide results that are only marginally inferior to one single planimetry, but results are improved by performing two planimetry measurements.
Asunto(s)
Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Antropometría/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamaño de los Órganos , Próstata/patología , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Is the incidence of prostate surgery influenced by participation in a study of medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)? In order to research the possible answers to this question, we established a retrospective, observational study of the 127 patients from Norway who participated in the Scandinavian Reduction of the Prostate Study (SCARP), which was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-year study to assess the clinical efficacy of 5 mg finasteride in patients with an enlarged prostate and moderate LUTS. In the present study, the ten Norwegian urologists who were involved in SCARP, performed a chart review and recorded all cases of prostate surgery that had taken place during the 2-year SCARP period and the year following SCARP. The incidence of prostate surgery was 19.8 per 1,000 person-years during the SCARP period, versus 127 per 1,000 person-years the following year (P < 0.001). Among the Norwegian participants in SCARP, prostate surgery was performed more frequently after completion of SCARP. Several possible explanations are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Finasterida/uso terapéutico , Próstata/cirugía , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Urinarios/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de 5-alfa-Reductasa , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Próstata/patología , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trastornos Urinarios/etiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We assess short-term (5 to 10 minutes) and long-term (24 weeks) test-retest changes of repeated pressure flow examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pressure flow charts of 84 patients with benign prostatic enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction who had received either androgen suppressive therapy or placebo were reviewed retrospectively. Pressure flow examinations were performed at baseline, and at weeks 24 and 48. Each pressure flow session included 3 sequential voids. RESULTS: Median detrusor opening pressure, maximum detrusor pressure, detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate and minimum voiding pressure decreased statistically significantly from void 1 to 2, ranging from 9.5% to 15.8%. From void 2 to 3 during the same pressure flow session there was a further reduction in obstruction parameters. Median Abrams/Griffiths number was 10.7% lower at void 2 compared to void 1 (p <0.0001) and the urethral resistance algorithm was 3.2% lower (p <0.0001). Long-term test-retest changes from baseline to week 24 and from week 24 to week 48 for the pressure flow parameters studied were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in pressure flow parameters at short-term test-retesting are considerable and probably of clinical significance. The standard pressure flow nomograms, which are based on single void pressure flow studies, might need modification when applied to repeat void studies.
Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatología , Obstrucción del Cuello de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal antiandrogens are commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer, but more clinical and laboratory studies on patients with benign as well as malignant prostate diseases are required to define their exact role. METHODS: Light microscopic examination of perineal prostate biopsies of 21 men with BPH was performed pretreatment, after 24 weeks of therapy with 50 mg bicalutamide (Casodex) or placebo and 24 weeks after end of treatment. We assessed whether it was possible to distinguish between patients having received bicalutamide or placebo based on a general histological examination. In addition, the volume fractions of the prostatic epithelial, luminal, and stromal compartments were determined by morphometry. RESULTS: Histological changes following treatment were uncharacteristic and patients treated with bicalutamide were not identified. At morphometry prior to therapy, the prostates of the study participants consisted of 91.8% stroma (range 78.9-97.2), 5.5% epithelium (range 1.4-14.1) and 2.7% glandular lumen (range 0.8-7.5). Changes in the relative content of the three tissue components following treatment were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe consistent morphological changes in the prostate following treatment with bicalutamide at a dose of 50 mg daily. However, this dose is lower than the 150 mg dose presently recommended for bicalutamide monotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/farmacología , Anilidas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Anciano , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/administración & dosificación , Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Esquema de Medicación , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nitrilos , Compuestos de Tosilo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The Norwegian Urological Cancer Group (NUCG) decided against participating in the European Randomised Study on Screening for Prostate Cancer, to which they had planned to contribute data from a population of 75 000 men aged between 50 and 65. The plan was abandonned for three main reasons: Norwegian doubts about the statistical power of the trial, the possible ethical implications of screening a large number of men with no symptoms, and the belief that the trial would not produce clinically important results. In this review, the NUCG's reasons for not participating in the trial are discussed in full.
Asunto(s)
Tamizaje Masivo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Anciano , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/normasRESUMEN
The effects of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide (Casodex(TM)) and the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist leuprolide depot (Procren Depot(TM), Lupron Depot(TM)) on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were determined. Thirty patients with BPH were randomised to receive bicalutamide 50 mg orally once daily or a placebo for 24 weeks, followed by 24 weeks of follow-up (bicalutamide study). In another study 55 men were randomised between 3.75 mg leuprolide depot intramuscularly at every 28 days for 24 weeks or placebo injections (leuprolide study). In both studies blood sampling was performed at baseline, at week 12 at week 24 and 24 weeks after the end of therapy. Androgen suppression with bicalutamide 50 mg daily for 24 weeks resulted in a median of 56% reduction of PSA (P<0.001 when compared to placebo). Acid phosphatase and PAP did not change. Leuprolide resulted in a median of 87% reduction of serum PSA (P<0.001) and a 39% reduction of PAP (P=0.023), whereas ACP was unchanged. Both bicalutamide and leuprolide induced a pronounced decline in serum PSA in BPH patients. The studies suggest a stronger androgen suppressive effect of leuprolide than of bicalutamide, but this difference might largely be due to too low a dosage of bicalutamide. ACP and PAP were relatively insensitive to androgen suppression. Our study suggests a different degree of androgen suppression on PSA originating from benign tissue versus cancer tissue, and that the direction of this discrepancy might be different for various androgen suppressive regimens.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2001) 4, 173-177.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: There are large interindividual differences in response to medical therapy for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Selection of patients for alpha-blocker versus hormonal treatment is often based more on assumptions than on well-documented knowledge. A more scientifically based decision of therapy has a potential for economical savings and increased effectiveness. METHODS: We performed morphometry on prostate biopsy specimens and determined the amount of stroma, epithelium, and glandular lumen (pretreatment characteristics) in 34 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia before 24 weeks of androgen suppressive therapy. Androgen suppressive therapy consisted of either the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide depot (3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days) or the nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide (50 mg/day orally). The evaluation of the clinical response (effectiveness parameters) was based on changes in prostate volume, peak urinary flow rate, symptom score, and bladder outlet obstruction. RESULTS: A large prostate volume before treatment was associated with more pronounced symptom score improvement, but neither prostate-specific antigen nor any of the parameters of tissue composition used (percentage of epithelium, epithelial volume, and stromal/epithelial ratio) predicted a favorable response to hormonal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment variables that are readily available at present have a limited role in helping clinicians to decide the optimal medical treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Próstata/patología , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Anciano , Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Biopsia , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Epitelio/patología , Humanos , Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Nitrilos , Probabilidad , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Compuestos de Tosilo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Urinary and sexual dysfunction are recognized complications of rectal excision for cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of such complications after mesorectal excision, shortly after this method was introduced. METHODS: Spontaneous flowmetry, residual volume of urine measurement and urodynamic examination, including cystometry and simultaneous detrusor pressure and urinary flow recording, was carried out before and 3 months after curative rectal excision. Urinary symptoms and sexual function were evaluated by means of questionnaires before and after operation. Each patient served as his or her own control. RESULTS: Forty-nine consecutive patients, 39 of whom had a total mesorectal excision (TME) and ten a partial mesorectal excision, were examined before surgery and 35 again after operation. In two patients, a weak detrusor was detected before operation. Two patients developed signs of bladder denervation after operation. Transitory moderate urinary incontinence appeared in four other women. Six of 24 men reported some reduction in erectile function and one became impotent. Two men reported retrograde ejaculation. All the complications were seen in the TME group. CONCLUSION: Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer resulted in a low frequency of serious bladder and sexual dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiología , Enfermedades de la Vejiga Urinaria/etiología , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Recto/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
It has been claimed, though not scientifically proven, that early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer reduce cancer-related mortality. The aim of the present study is to assess the frequency of PSA-based screening in Norwegian primary health care. In 1998 Norwegian general practitioners and occupational physicians reported their use of diagnostic PSA (prostatic specific antigen) testing in men without urinary symptoms (opportunistic PSA screening). There were considerable variations between counties and an increasing tendency to screen 60% of physicians performed opportunistic PSA screening; however, 55% only "sometimes". Men over 75 were frequently tested. The results reflect the scientific uncertainty regarding opportunistic PSA screening. PSA screening as an element of health care policy can only be recommended if cancer-related mortality is reduced by early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Noruega/epidemiología , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Antígeno Prostático Específico/análisis , Neoplasias de la Próstata/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Men with moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are the best candidates for medical treatment, while surgery is usually indicated for patients with severe symptoms. Men with mild symptoms do not usually need treatment, but they might be re-evaluated annually if desirable. Finasteride, which produces selective hormonal deprivation, is now established as a well tolerated drug for the long term medical therapy of BPH. Recent studies suggest that finasteride is most effective in men with large prostates (> 40 ml), and the drug should probably be reserved for these patients. alpha-Blockers work in men with small or large prostates, and their rapid onset of action facilitates the identification of responders. alpha-Blockers are more effective than finasteride during the first year of treatment, but only finasteride induces regression of the prostate and offers increased efficacy over time. Even if drug therapy reduces the need for prostate surgery, the total economic cost of BPH treatment is likely to rise because of the increasing application of medical treatment. The magnitude of this increase depends largely on what percentage of the male population embark on long term therapy, at what age treatment is started, and how successful it is. At present, the answers to these questions are largely unknown. The personal economic expenses for men who begin long term medical therapy will probably be an important factor in deciding how common drug treatment for BPH will become in the future. For many men, the main benefit of drug treatment will be the relief of urinary symptoms, but whether this improvement is substantial enough to improve their overall quality of life has not yet been clearly demonstrated in controlled studies.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Finasterida/uso terapéutico , Prazosina/análogos & derivados , Prostatectomía/economía , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Prostática/economía , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/efectos adversos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/economía , Anciano , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/efectos adversos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/economía , Finasterida/efectos adversos , Finasterida/economía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Prazosina/efectos adversos , Prazosina/economía , Prazosina/uso terapéutico , Prevalencia , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiología , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirugía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia increases with increasing age. The growing number of elderly men in the population will cause a marked increase in the number of men suffering from this condition. The magnitude of the problem necessitates close cooperation between urologists and general practitioners in future in order to take care of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The purpose of the present survey is to present guidelines for general practitioners to enable them to diagnose this condition and to present the various alternative treatments currently available. Patients with mild and modest symptoms do not need to be referred to an urologist and can be taken care of by the general practitioners themselves.
Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia Prostática , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria , Humanos , Masculino , Noruega , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatología , Hiperplasia Prostática/terapiaRESUMEN
Hormonal changes resulting from long-term use of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide depot were studied in a randomized placebo-controlled study comprising 50 evaluable patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 26 patients received 3.75 mg leuprolide depot intramuscularly every 28 days for 24 weeks and 24 received a placebo. The patients were followed up for a further 24-week period. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone decreased by 90% and follicle-stimulating hormone by 55% during the treatment period. Mean testosterone levels decreased by 96% to 0.7 nmol l-1 and dihydrotestosterone decreased by 90%. The adrenal androgens androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate decreased by 48 and 24%, respectively. In most patients, estradiol decreased to non-detectable values, while the decrease in estrone was 35%. There was no change in prolactin and sex hormone-binding globulin as compared to the placebo group. Hormonal changes were reversible, but the suppression of testicular hormone production was not completely normalized in all patients 24 weeks after discontinuation of the treatment.
Asunto(s)
Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Androstenodiona/sangre , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/sangre , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , PlacebosRESUMEN
We performed light microscopic morphometry on prostate biopsies of 41 patients who underwent androgen suppressive therapy for 24 weeks with the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist leuprolide depot for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Before treatment started, the prostates consisted of 88.4% stroma, 9.0% epithelium and 2.6% glandular lumen. After completion of therapy, the percentages were 94.7, 3.0 and 2.3, respectively. The absolute reductions of volume were 27% for stroma, 77% for epithelium and 40% for lumen. Correlations between pretreatment parameters (epithelial content, stromal epithelial ratio and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD)) and the clinical outcome parameters (prostate volume reduction, improvement in maximum flow rate, reduction of symptom score and reduction in outflow resistance) were not statistically significant, indicating that the histological composition of BPH tissue or PSAD are poor parameters to predict differences in response for individual patients during hormonal therapy for BPH. By comparing morphometry results of the core biopsies with morphometry performed on corresponding TURP tissue, it appeared that the lumen content of the biopsies was somewhat underestimated.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Próstata/patología , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Anciano , Biopsia , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Masculino , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The clinical and urodynamic effects of oral alpha 1-selective adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were quantified, and side effects and patient tolerance were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 original reports of placebo controlled clinical trials of alpha-blockers in which results were adequately presented was identified and reviewed, along with additional pertinent literature. We assumed that the efficacy of the different alpha-blockers was basically the same and the weighted average treatment effect was calculated in comparison with placebo. RESULTS: The average improvement in maximum urine flow rate was 1.5 ml. per second but this rate would probably approach 1.8 to 1.9 ml. per second if all dosages had been titrated up to the highest level tolerated. Overall symptom score decreased by 14% and residual urine volume decreased by 29%. A slight decrease in detrusor pressure during voiding was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-Blockers were beneficial in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tolerance to treatment appeared to develop in a large proportion of patients after 6 months of therapy. However, for patients who benefit from long-term use of alpha-blockers effective treatment might be maintained for years.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The impact of chronic administration of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide depot on cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in a controlled double-blind study comprising 50 evaluable patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the 26 patients receiving leuprolide the mean total cholesterol level increased by 10.6%, high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 8.2% and triglycerides by 26.9% (p = 0.003, 0.052 and 0.050, respectively). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were unchanged. Apolipoprotein A1 increased by 13.2% (p = 0.001), while apolipoprotein B, fibrinogen, thrombocytes and plasminogen activator inhibitor were unchanged. Hemoglobin decreased by 1.2 gm./100 ml. without a concomitant decrease in serum erythropoietin concentration. These changes act in different directions with regard to cardiovascular risk and the overall effect is difficult to assess.
Asunto(s)
Fibrinógeno/análisis , Leuprolida/farmacología , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico/sangre , Hiperplasia Prostática/sangre , Anciano , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangre , Apolipoproteínas B/sangre , Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Plaquetas/patología , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Eritropoyetina/sangre , Estradiol/sangre , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Placebos , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Testosterona/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the hormonal changes resulting from long-term use of the non-steroidal anti-androgen Casodex. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled study was carried out on 27 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Fourteen patients received Casodex 50 mg daily for 24 weeks and 13 received a placebo. The patients were followed up for a further 24-week period. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) increased by an average of 40% while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) remained unchanged. Testosterone increased by 35%, oestradiol by 29% and oestrone by 23%; all changes were statistically significant. Levels of androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone increased by 11% and 15%, respectively, but these increases did not reach statistical significance. A non-significant increase was also observed for sex hormone-binding globulin. The hormonal changes were reversible upon discontinuation of therapy. Prolactin and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate levels did not change. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that Casodex, due to competitive inhibition of central androgen receptors, increases LH secretion, thus causing increased production and increased metabolism of testosterone.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/farmacología , Anilidas/farmacología , Hormona Luteinizante/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Testosterona/metabolismo , Anciano , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Androstenodiona/sangre , Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Deshidroepiandrosterona/análogos & derivados , Deshidroepiandrosterona/sangre , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona , Dihidrotestosterona/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Estradiol/sangre , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Humanos , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , Nitrilos , Prolactina/sangre , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Compuestos de TosiloRESUMEN
The effect of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen Casodex (176334) on a number of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases was investigated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comprising 27 evaluable patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who received either placebo or Casodex at a dosage of 50 mg daily for 24 weeks. We hypothesized that the 30-35% increase in serum levels of testosterone and estradiol seen during treatment with Casodex might induce changes in various risk factors. We found no statistically significant change in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Apolipoproteins A1 and B also remained unchanged, along with plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Casodex has the potential to become an important drug for treatment of prostatic diseases. Our study does not suggest that the drug is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico/sangre , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/farmacología , Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Anilidas/farmacología , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangre , Apolipoproteínas B/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Estradiol/sangre , Fibrinógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nitrilos , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , Testosterona/sangre , Compuestos de Tosilo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
We studied 85 men with moderate to severe symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who completed two placebo-controlled studies of drug therapy. During the 48 week period of treatment and follow-up the patients underwent 164 procedures which included urethral instrumentation, predominantly without antibiotic prophylaxis, and 187 procedures of urethral instrumentation in combination with transperineal prostate biopsy with antibiotic prophylaxis. The risk for a patient to acquire clinically significant urinary tract infection was 2.4% after urethral instrumentation alone and 7.5% when urethral instrumentation was combined with prostate biopsy. Invasive urodynamic examinations of prostate biopsies in studies of new treatment modalities for BPH should only be performed when necessary to obtain important information, and after full informed patient consent. The combination of prostate biopsy and urethral instrumentation increases the infection rate considerably and should be avoided.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja/efectos adversos , Cistoscopía/efectos adversos , Hiperplasia Prostática , Cateterismo Urinario/efectos adversos , Infecciones Urinarias/etiología , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Pronóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatología , Reología , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/prevención & control , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist leuprolide was investigated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comprising 50 evaluable patients with moderate to severe symptoms resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients received 3.75 mg. leuprolide depot or placebo as an injection every 28 days for 24 weeks. Hemoglobin level decreased by 0.8 gm/100 ml. (p = 0.0052) for patients receiving leuprolide. Mean testicular volume decreased by 28.9% (p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Of 26 patients receiving leuprolide 5 had a weight gain of more than 3 kg. Almost all patients receiving leuprolide experienced hot flushes. Breast changes, and loss of energy and vigor were not more pronounced than for patients receiving placebo. Erectile function and sexual activity were lost during treatment. Libido also decreased but was still partially retained. Despite this, patients receiving leuprolide were generally contented with their sexual life during treatment. Side effects were bothersome for some patients but were reversible. Of the patients in our study 73% expressed that they could repeat or continue treatment if that had been possible. The high cost of these drugs will limit their use for a benign condition, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Asunto(s)
Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Climaterio/efectos de los fármacos , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Leuprolida/efectos adversos , Libido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperplasia Prostática/sangre , Testículo/patologíaRESUMEN
Casodex, a new nonsteroidal antiandrogen, was investigated in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comprising 28 evaluable patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, who received Casodex at a dosage of 50 mg daily or a placebo for 24 weeks. The good safety profile of Casodex was confirmed. In common with other nonsteroidal antiandrogens, Casodex was associated with breast enlargement and/or tenderness, being reported by all patients upon direct questioning. A change in sexual function was assessed by two questionnaires, one of them revealing no statistically significant difference between the groups. However, using an alternative questionnaire, approximately half of the patients reported reduced erectile function (p = 0.002), mostly partial, and reduced sexual activity (p = 0.015), whereas libido was well maintained when compared to the placebo. Casodex was not associated with hot flushes. No other side effects of clinical significance were seen, and Casodex was well tolerated by the majority of the patients.