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Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler.Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analyzed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system.Results A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n=76, 30.2%, and without habits n=176, 69.8%) were analyzed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p=0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits.Conclusion There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications.

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Objective: The current study examined associations between ACEs and health-risk behaviors in male college students.Participants:795 men who attended a large southern public university.Method:One-way ANOVA was used to explore whether the ACEs of sexual abuse, exposure to interparental violence, household mental illness, and household substance abuse significantly affected male college students' high risk drinking, number of sexual partners, and/or impulsivity.Results:Sexual abuse was significantly associated with all three measured outcomes and had the strongest associations of all assessed ACEs. Exposure to interparental violence was significantly associated only with number of sexual partners. Household substance abuse was significantly associated with high risk drinking and number of sexual partners. A simple linear regression revealed that for each additional ACE, students in the sample increased their risky behaviors.Conclusions:Results confirm a dose-response between ACEs and negative outcomes. Mindfulness training, policy/funding advocacy, and trauma-informed support are discussed as implications.

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The purpose of the study was to look at levels of perceived discrimination in school among students of different races and to assess whether there are significant short- or long-term effects as they develop. This study analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which is a multi-stage nationally representative study of individuals who were in 7th-12th grade during the 1994-1995 school year. Responses on teacher discrimination items showed that Black students reported the highest levels of perceived teacher discrimination. Educational expectations were lowest for Hispanic students. At wave three, participants who identified their race/ethnicity as Hispanic or other reported the worst overall health, whereas at wave four, White participants had significantly better overall health than the other three groups. Teacher discrimination was found to be a significant predictor for educational expectations, income expectations, and overall health eight and 15 years later. When stratified by race, higher teacher discrimination predicted lower educational expectations and poorer overall health eight years later for Black, Hispanic, and White students.

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BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa faces prolonged COVID-19 related impacts on economic activity, livelihoods, nutrition, and food security, with recovery slowed down by lagging vaccination progress. ObjectiveThis study investigated the economic impacts of COVID-19 on food prices, consumption and dietary quality in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania. MethodsWe conducted a repeated cross-sectional study and used a mobile platform to collect data. Data collected from round 1 (July-November, 2020) and round 2 (July-December, 2021) were considered. We assessed participants dietary intake of 20 food groups over the previous seven days. The studys primary outcome was the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), with higher scores indicating better dietary quality. We used linear regression and generalized estimating equations to assess factors associated with diet quality during COVID-19. ResultsMost of the respondents were male and the mean age ({+/-}SD) was 42.4 ({+/-}12.5) years. Mean PDQS ({+/-}SD) was low at 19.1 ({+/-}3.8) before COVID-19, 18.6({+/-}3.4) in Round 1, and 19.4({+/-}3.8) in Round 2. A majority of respondents (80%) reported higher than expected prices for all food groups during the pandemic. Secondary education or higher (estimate: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.15), older age (estimate: 30-39 years: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.19, or 40 years or older: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.13), and medium wealth status (estimate: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.81) were associated with higher PDQS. Farmers and casual laborers (estimate: -0.60, 95% CI: -1.11, - 0.09), lower crop production (estimate: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.28, -0.46) and not engaged in farming (estimate: -1.38, 95% CI: -1.74, -1.02) associated with lower PDQS. ConclusionDiet quality which had declined early in the pandemic had started to improve. However, consumption of healthy diets remained low, and food prices remained high. Efforts should continue to improve diet quality for sustained nutrition recovery through mitigation measures, including social protection.

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The African continent has some of the worlds lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates. While the limited availability of vaccines is a contributing factor, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care providers (HCP) is another factor that could adversely affect efforts to control infections on the continent. We sought to understand the extent of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCP, and its contributing factors in Africa. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among 1,499 HCP enrolled in a repeated cross-sectional telephone survey in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania and Ghana. We defined COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCP as self-reported responses of definitely not, maybe, unsure, or undecided on whether to get the COVID-19 vaccine, compared to definitely getting the vaccine. We used Poisson regression models to evaluate factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among HCP. Approximately 65.6% were nurses and the mean age ({+/-}SD) of participants was 35.8 ({+/-}9.7) years. At least 67% of the HCP reported being vaccinated. Reasons for low COVID-19 vaccine uptake included concern about vaccine effectiveness, side effects and fear of receiving unsafe and experimental vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy affected 45.7% of the HCP in Burkina Faso, 25.7% in Tanzania, 9.8% in Ethiopia, 9% in Ghana and 8.1% in Nigeria. Respondents reporting that COVID-19 vaccines are very effective (RR:0.21, 95% CI:0.08, 0.55), and older HCP (45 or older vs.20-29 years, RR:0.65, 95% CI: 0.44,0.95) were less likely to be vaccine-hesitant. Nurses were more likely to be vaccine-hesitant (RR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.00,1.89) compared to doctors. We found higher vaccine hesitancy among HCP in Burkina Faso and Tanzania. Information asymmetry among HCP, beliefs about vaccine effectiveness and the endorsement of vaccines by the public health institutions may be important. Efforts to address hesitancy should address information and knowledge gaps among different cadres of HCP and should be coupled with efforts to increase vaccine supply.

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COVID-19 poses a major challenge to care homes, as SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted and causes disproportionately severe disease in older people. Here, 1,167 residents from 337 care homes were identified from a dataset of 6,600 COVID-19 cases from the East of England. Older age and being a care home resident were associated with increased mortality. SARS-CoV-2 genomes were available for 700 residents from 292 care homes. By integrating genomic and temporal data, 409 viral clusters within the 292 homes were identified, indicating two different patterns - outbreaks among care home residents and independent introductions with limited onward transmission. Approximately 70% of residents in the genomic analysis were admitted to hospital during the study, providing extensive opportunities for transmission between care homes and hospitals. Limiting viral transmission within care homes should be a key target for infection control to reduce COVID-19 mortality in this population. Impact statementSARS-CoV-2 can spread efficiently within care homes causing COVID-19 outbreaks among residents, who are at increased risk of severe disease, emphasising the importance of stringent infection control in this population.

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Foster care reentry is an important factor for evaluating the overall success of permanency. Rates of reentry are typically only measured for 12-months and are often evaluated only for children who exit foster care to reunification and not across exit types, also known as 'permanency types'. This study examined the odds of reentry across multiple common permanency types for a cohort of 8107 children who achieved permanency between 2009 and 2013. Overall, 14% of children reentered care within 18-months with an average time to reentry of 6.36 months. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess differences in reentry across permanency types (including reunification, relative guardianship and non-relative guardianship). Children who achieved guardianship with kin had the lowest odds of reentry overall, followed by guardianship with non-kin, and reunification with family of origin. Children reunifying against the recommendations of Children and Family Services had the highest odds of reentry. A Cox regression survival analysis was conducted to assess odds of reentry across permanency type while controlling for demographics, services, and other risk factors. In the final model, only permanency type and cumulative risk were found to have a statistically significant impact on odds of reentry.

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OBJETIVO: Identificar produções de enfermeiros brasileiros acerca do tema queimaduras. MÉTODO: Estudo bibliométrico. Foi realizada busca na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), com descritores de saúde "queimaduras" e "enfermagem". Foram considerados os estudos feitos por enfermeiros, voltados para ações da Enfermagem e produzidos no Brasil. Foram excluídos: artigos que fugiam ao tema, duplicados, teses de mestrado/doutorado, artigos feitos por outros profissionais da saúde, artigos não produzidos no Brasil. Cento e trinta estudos foram identificados, sendo 42 selecionados para a amostra final. RESULTADOS: As publicações encontradas foram no período de 1986 a 2015, com maior quantidade de produções nos anos de 2005, 2011 e 2014. Os estudos foram publicados em 13 periódicos, sendo a Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagem a de maior destaque (30,95%) e que enfermeiros doutores eram autores de maior número de publicações (55,35%). A produção e publicação de artigos apresentou maior concentração no estado de São Paulo (52,38%). A principal forma de abordagem foi a entrevista (52,38%). As principais categorias abordadas foram: assistência do enfermeiro, seguido de identificação de diagnósticos de paciente ou parte deles e vivências e manifestações psicoemocionais. CONCLUSÃO: Destaca-se a importância de haver maior incentivo à pesquisa neste tema, com objetivo de melhorar a assistência e cuidado de enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To identify productions of Brazilian nurses on the subject burns. METHOD: Bibliometric study. Search was performed on the database Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), with burns and nursing health descriptors. Studies done by nurses, focused on shares of Nursing and produced in Brazil were considered. Were excluded: articles fleeing the topic, duplicate, master / doctoral theses, and articles made by other health professionals, or not produced in Brazil. One hundred and thirty studies were identified, of which 42 selected for the final sample. RESULTS: The publications were found from 1986 to 2015, with higher production in 2005, 2011 and 2014. The studies were published in 13 different journals, with a more significant Latino American Journal of Nursing (30.95%) of the articles. It was identified that doctors have more publications with 55.35%. Articles of production and publication showed the highest concentration in the state of Sao Paulo (52.38%). The main way to approach found in the studies was an interview (52.38%). The main categories were covered nursing care, followed by identification of patient diagnoses or part of them and psycho-emotional manifestations. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of having greater incentive for research in this area, in order to improve care and nursing care.

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This paper examines the role of health knowledge in the association between mothers' education and use of maternal and child health services in Ghana. The study uses data from a nationally representative sample of female respondents to the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Ordered probit regression models evaluate whether women's health knowledge helps to explain use of three specific maternal and child health services: antenatal care, giving birth with the supervision of a trained professional and complete child vaccination. The analyses reveal that mothers' years of formal education are strongly associated with health knowledge; health knowledge helps explain the association between maternal education and use of health services; and, net of a set of stringent demographic and socioeconomic controls, mothers' health knowledge is a key factor associated with use of health services.

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