RESUMEN
Osteochondrosis (OC) of the bovine tarsus has been suggested to contribute to osteoarthritis. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to provide data specific to the Angus breed. Clinical and radiographic exams evaluating OC lesions, effusion and osteoarthritis were performed in 50 purebred bull calves at three time points between 5.8 and 21 months of age. The likelihood of OC was lower at a median age of 12.4 months (P<0.001), primarily due to resolution of distal talus changes (P<0.01). Significant associations were observed between medial malleolus lesions and effusion at median age of 7.4 months (P<0.001). This study suggests that clinical and radiographic screening performed at approximately one year of age may be beneficial in detecting tarsal OC lesions in Angus breeding herds.
Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Osteocondrosis/veterinaria , Articulaciones Tarsianas/patología , Tarso Animal/patología , Animales , Cartílago Articular , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Incidencia , Masculino , Osteocondrosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteocondrosis/epidemiología , Osteocondrosis/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Radiografía/veterinaria , Articulaciones Tarsianas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tarso Animal/diagnóstico por imagen , TibiaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to identify content areas specific to community health nursing in doctoral programs throughout the United States. The research foci related to community health nursing were compared with previously identified research priorities in the field. Surveys were sent to 52 doctoral program directors; 23 questionnaires were completed. Telephone interviews were conducted with 16 program directors to clarify responses. Newer programs tended to be more generally focussed and without doctoral specialty courses of any kind. The four programs that identified community health nursing as a specialty within their curriculum were some of the oldest and largest programs in the country.
Asunto(s)
Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria/educación , Educación de Postgrado en Enfermería/tendencias , Curriculum , Educación de Postgrado en Enfermería/organización & administración , Humanos , Investigación en Enfermería/tendencias , Innovación Organizacional , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
From 1970 to 1982, remission rates from large series of patients with a median age of approximately 50 years continue to exceed 50% and in series of younger patients may be as high as 75%. These improved results have been due to the combination of cytosar and an anthracycline in RI programs. The current major question is whether or not "consolidation" therapy has improved long-term disease-free survival. Our current results, covering the decade 1970-1980 and using more and more intensive RC programs, do not demonstrate an increase in the percentage of long-term survivors. The results from 1980 to 1982 are encouraging, but must be tempered by the fact that late relapses of adult ANLL are becoming more frequent and 2-year follow-up is much too short an evaluation period. In addition, the prolonged survival in program D may be due to the more intensive RI program and not at all related to the RC. At the present time, our experience lends no support to the theory that more intensive RC programs meaningfully prolong long-term survival.