RESUMEN
According to existing hygienic norms in Russian Federation, dust control covers a whole mass of particles contained in air of workplace--that is based on biologic value of all mass of dust affecting human, rather than of separate dust fractions, as is accepted abroad. State Standard specification R 54578-2011 establishes general principles of hygienic regulation, control and evaluation of occupational diseases risk due to aerosols with predominantly fibrogenous effects through measuring mass concentration of all dust particles contained in air of workplace, rather than groundless selective isolation of its separate fractions. The standard is set for specifying technical regulations in extracting branches, processing industry, machinery, technologic processes with dust releases.
Asunto(s)
Aerosoles/efectos adversos , Contaminación del Aire/legislación & jurisprudencia , Monitoreo del Ambiente/legislación & jurisprudencia , Industrias/legislación & jurisprudencia , Exposición Profesional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The author suggests merger of work condition classes in a classification used by Russian Consumer Protection Board to evaluate work condition by jeopardy and to certify work places in contact with primarily fibrogenic aerosols (P 2.2.2006-05, table 3, p 14)--increasing space of differences between the classes by MAC and dust load.
Asunto(s)
Polvo , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Salud Laboral/legislación & jurisprudencia , Aerosoles , Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire , Sustancias Peligrosas , Humanos , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Federación de Rusia , Lugar de Trabajo/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
For understanding up-to-date situation with fibrosis caused by chrysotile-asbestos, the authors conducted X-ray and hygienic studies in 2 enterprises extracting and enriching asbestos--"Tuvaasbest" JSC and "Orenbourgasbest" JSC. Authors followed correlation between diffuse pulmonary changes and length of service, dust load and cumulative exposure dose of respirable fibers. The strongest correlation was demonstrated for dust load. Workers engaged into up-to-date industry extracting and enriching asbestos are diagnosed as having indistinct and moderate roentgenologic types of fibrosis. Examples of dose-effect dependence prove dust load to be informative and expedient integral parameter for hygienic regulation and evaluation of asbestos-containing dust and industrial aerosols doses.
Asunto(s)
Asbestos Serpentinas/efectos adversos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/etiología , Adulto , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fibrosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Radiografía , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The article covers general principles of health care for workers in various industries associated with contact to dust containing asbestos. The authors present main requirements of legal papers basing concepts that determine role of employers, trade unions, workers and medical officers in creation and maintenance of safe work conditions, in establishment of prophylactic, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.
Asunto(s)
Amianto/efectos adversos , Industrias , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Examen Físico/estadística & datos numéricos , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Humanos , Industrias/legislación & jurisprudencia , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/legislación & jurisprudencia , Periodicidad , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The article summarizes studies carried in RAMSc Research Institute for Occupational Medicine on chrysotile asbestos. Not denying potential carcinogenicity characteristic for all kinds of asbestos, those studies stress low biologic aggression of chrysotile asbestos during occupational exposure, even if the excessive MAC is demonstrated formerly in asbestos industry enterprises. Work with chrysotile asbestos, as every one in mining industry, requires not ban, but accomplishment of proper measures aimed to prevent pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis. The article demonstrates unique experience of Russian scientists--evaluation of exposure to chrysotile without admixtures and amphibole additives. The authors define prospective research trends that, if being international, could correctly solve problems associated with further use of chrysotile asbestos, rising no "anti-asbestos" boom.
Asunto(s)
Asbestos Serpentinas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/mortalidad , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Investigación/tendencias , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The study covered asbestos-containing waste at a major mining enrichment enterprise--"Uralasbest" JSC. A set of methods were used to associate natural human compensatory mechanisms with experimental models simplifying possible routes of asbestos influence on humans and proved no toxic features of the dust studied. The results help to manage removal and storage of asbestos-containing waste, to use it for production of various building materials. However, variable asbestos (free and fixed) content of the waste and admixtures of chromium, nickel and other elements in it prevent from utilisation of asbestos waste at other enterprises and necessitate further hygienic evaluation.