RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The basic position on the starting block can influence the performance at the start, as it is the initial phase on which the other phases depend, as well as the swimming performance in sprint events in all swimming styles. The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of the foot in the base position on the block start on performance in the 5 m distance start. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen performance swimmers aged 17 ± 2 years were tested in their preferred wide and narrow starting positions, performing a total of six starts during which angular, temporal, and length changes were monitored in block, flight, and underwater phases. Fisher individual tests for differences of means were used to determine differences in kinematic parameters of the kick start to the 5 m distance. Differences in the position of the feet in kinematic parameters of the kick start to the 5 m distance were determined using the two-sample t-test with equal variance and effect size by Cohen's d. RESULTS: Swimmers were found to have significant differences (p < 0.05) between foot widths in block time (0.02 s), time to 2 m (0.05 s), flight and glide time and distance, maximal depth, and time to 5 m (0.08) in favor of the narrow baseline position. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend marking the center of the start block on the OSB or OSB platform for the competitors, as well as the center of the backrest, for better orientation and assuming the correct basic foot position on the start block.

RESUMEN

La agresión laboral a profesionales sanitarios por parte de los usuarios del sistema es un fenómeno multidimensional en alza, motivo de preocupación para aquellos que velan por la seguridad y salud de dichos profesionales. Aunque diferentes estudios señalan altos porcentajes de personal sanitario agredido, las estadísticas de declaraciones realizadas revelan datos muy inferiores. La infradeclaración de las agresiones laborales a sanitarios es un hecho conocido y referido en multitud de estudios y se presenta como un gran escollo a la hora de poder proponer medidas preventivas adecuadas, ya que las estadísticas en las que estas pueden basarse no corresponden a la verdadera casuística de todas las agresiones que se producen. Así mismo, dificulta el poder valorar correctamente la utilidad de las medidas preventivas adoptadas. El siguiente artículo hace un recorrido por los últimos estudios realizados sobre el tema, presentando una panorámica general sobre los factores que acompañan a las agresiones, así como de los motivos principales involucrados en que la infradeclaración se produzca. Destaca, además, en la literatura, la falta de instrumentos que hayan sido sometidos a un proceso de validación para medir esta infradeclaración. Por todo ello, es necesario seguir investigando en esta problemática con herramientas validadas que permitan conocer los motivos y circunstancias que acompañan y fomentan la infradeclaración de las agresiones a profesionales sanitarios. Conocer estos motivos es un paso previo para luchar contra la misma y poder conocer la verdadera magnitud del problema, de modo que los servicios de salud laboral puedan contar con datos precisos y desarrollar y evaluar medidas preventivas implementadas.(AU)

Work-related violence against healthcare workers inflicted by healthcare users is a rising multidimensional phenomenon, a cause of concern among those who ensure the safety and health of these professionals. Although different studies indicate high percentages of attacks against healthcare workers, statistics from reports reveal much lower data. Underreporting of occupational violence against healthcare workers is a well-known fact reported in many studies. It is presented as a major obstacle when it comes to proposing adequate preventive measures, because the data on which to base these measures do not correspond to the true incidence of all the assaults that take place. Underreporting also makes it difficult to correctly assess the usefulness of preventive measures implemented. The following article looks at the latest studies carried out on the subject, presenting an overview of the factors accompanying these assaults, as well as the main reasons for this underreporting. It also highlights the lack in the literature of instruments designed to measure underreporting that have undergone a validation process. For all these reasons, this problem requires further study with validated tools to determine the reasons and circumstances that accompany and promote the underreporting of violence against healthcare workers. Knowing these reasons is a preliminary step in the fight against workplace violence and to measure the true magnitude of the problem, to provide the occupational health services with precise data and develop and assess the preventive measures implemented.(AU)

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RESUMEN

Work-related violence against healthcare workers inflicted by healthcare users is a rising multidimensional phenomenon, a cause of concern among those who ensure the safety and health of these professionals. Although different studies indicate high percentages of attacks against healthcare workers, statistics from reports reveal much lower data. Underreporting of occupational violence against healthcare workers is a well-known fact reported in many studies. It is presented as a major obstacle when it comes to proposing adequate preventive measures, because the data on which to base these measures do not correspond to the true incidence of all the assaults that take place. Underreporting also makes it difficult to correctly assess the usefulness of preventive measures implemented. The following article looks at the latest studies carried out on the subject, presenting an overview of the factors accompanying these assaults, as well as the main reasons for this underreporting. It also highlights the lack in the literature of instruments designed to measure underreporting that have undergone a validation process. For all these reasons, this problem requires further study with validated tools to determine the reasons and circumstances that accompany and promote the underreporting of violence against healthcare workers. Knowing these reasons is a preliminary step in the fight against workplace violence and to measure the true magnitude of the problem, to provide the occupational health services with precise data and develop and assess the preventive measures implemented.

Asunto(s)