RESUMEN
In line with the National Action Plan "IN FORM" the German Federal Ministry of Health funds the establishment of 11 regional community health promotion networks (alliances). To meet quality development standards, an external evaluation project has been established in addition to the alliances' internal evaluation. Scientific monitoring focuses on alliance-spanning investigation of quality of planning, structures and processes and uses different methods and instruments (e.g., guided interviews, analytical framework, Goal Attainment Scaling). Regional networks also receive support for their efforts to quality development. Up to now concluding analysis can be done on aspects of planning quality based on findings of the analytical framework developed within the project. 5 selected results presented in the article reveal a heterogeneous picture: on one hand the standard on which the alliances' rationales on demands justifying the project's strategy are written at is very encouraging. The situation is similar with the descriptions of the work planning and statements concerning the sustainability at which the implemented activities are aimed. On the other hand, in explaination criteria like consideration of target group's needs or definition of goals the possibilities are not exhausted yet considering the state of the debate. Hence in similar future projects there is a clear necessity of assistance in approaching these aspects, provided preferably in an early stage of the planning phase.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/normas , Implementación de Plan de Salud/organización & administración , Implementación de Plan de Salud/normas , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Promoción de la Salud/normas , Estilo de Vida , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/normas , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Alemania , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/organización & administración , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/normas , Humanos , Objetivos Organizacionales , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/normasRESUMEN
The development of glutamatergic synapses involves changes in the number and type of receptors present at the postsynaptic density. To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying these changes, we combine in utero electroporation of constructs that alter the molecular composition of developing synapses with dual whole-cell electrophysiology to examine synaptic transmission during two distinct developmental stages. We find that SAP102 mediates synaptic trafficking of AMPA and NMDA receptors during synaptogenesis. Surprisingly, after synaptogenesis, PSD-95 assumes the functions of SAP102 and is necessary for two aspects of synapse maturation: the developmental increase in AMPA receptor transmission and replacement of NR2B-NMDARs with NR2A-NMDARs. In PSD-95/PSD-93 double-KO mice, the maturational replacement of NR2B- with NR2A-NMDARs fails to occur, and PSD-95 expression fully rescues this deficit. This study demonstrates that SAP102 and PSD-95 regulate the synaptic trafficking of distinct glutamate receptor subtypes at different developmental stages, thereby playing necessary roles in excitatory synapse development.