RESUMEN
Doxorubicin (DXR) is widely used in cancer treatment. However, it has not yet been possible to prevent the side effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of crocin against DXR used in cancer treatment. For this reason; forty Wistar rats (male-250-300 g) were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group): Control, Crocin, DXR and DXR+Crocin. Control and Crocin groups were administered saline and crocin (40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days, respectively. DXR group, cumulative dose 12 mg/kg DXR, was administered for 12 days via 48 h intervals in six injections (2 mg/kg each, i.p). DXR+Crocin group, crocin (40 mg/kg-i.p) was administered for 15 days, and DXR was given as in the DXR group. The results revealed that serum liver markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly after DXR administration but recovered after crocin therapy. In addition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) increased after DXR application and the antioxidative defense system (GSH, SOD, CAT) significantly decreased and re-achieved by crocin treatment. Our results conclude that crocin treatment was related to ameliorated hepatocellular architecture and reduced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with DXR-induced hepatotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Estrés Oxidativo , Hígado , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Oxygen radicals participate in the pathogenesis of heart damage. Diabetes accelerates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the effects of the antioxidants, melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol, on cardiomyopathy and apoptosis in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus (DM). Rats were divided into five groups of seven: control, DM, DM + melatonin, DM + quercetin and DM + resveratrol. All treatments were begun with a single dose of STZ to induce diabetes and experimental treatments were continued daily for 30 days. Morphologic and apoptotic changes were analyzed by histological assessment. The heart tissue of the control group exhibited normal histology, whereas the heart tissue of the DM group exhibited vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, infiltration and myofibril loss. The DM group exhibited significantly increased apoptosis compared to the control group. Differences in anti-apoptotic effects were statistically significant for all three antioxidant treatment groups; the anti-apoptotic effects of quercetin and resveratrol were similar. Melatonin, resveratrol and quercetin exhibited protective effects against diabetic heart damage.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Melatonina , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Melatonina/farmacología , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Modelos Teóricos , Estrés Oxidativo , Quercetina/farmacología , Quercetina/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Resveratrol/farmacología , Resveratrol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major public health problem in many areas of the world. Many anticancer drugs in current clinical use have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol) is an oxygenated aromatic compound from monoterpene group. It is the main constituent of thyme essential oil and shows antioxidant, antiseptic and antiproliferative properties. The aim of this study is to determine the antiproliferative activity and apoptotic effect of thymol on prostate cancer (PC-3, DU145), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and lung cancer (KLN205) cell lines. METHODS: The cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of thymol (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 µM) at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The cell viability was investigated by MTT assay and analysis of apoptosis was determined with annexin V assay. RESULTS: The study showed the dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect of thymol in PC-3, DU145, MDA-MB-231, and KLN205 cancer cell lines. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in all groups in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between thymoltreated cell lines compared to the control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The data in the present study demonstrated that thymol has apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in lung, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Thymol could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the future (Fig. 5, Ref. 26).
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Fenol , Timol , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Monoterpenos , Timol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of linalool (LIN) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats histologically and biochemically. In experiments, 64 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups ( n = 8). These groups were control (C) (0.9% saline solution), DOX (20 mg/kg DOX), LIN50 (50 mg/kg LIN), LIN100 (100 mg/kg LIN), DOX + LIN50 (20 mg/kg DOX and 50 mg/kg LIN), DOX + LIN100 (20 mg/kg DOX and 100 mg/kg LIN), LIN50 + DOX (50 mg/kg LIN and 20 mg/kg DOX), and LIN100 + DOX (100 mg/kg LIN and 20 mg/kg DOX). It was determined that necrosis and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the DOX group. It was determined that histopathological changes significantly decreased in groups treated with LIN after DOX administration. While the caspase-3 immunostaining was highly evident in DOX group apoptotic cells ( p < 0.001, for all), the intensity of caspase-3 immunostaining in the treatment groups decreased ( p < 0.05). While DOX administration resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and plasma Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in cardiac tissue when compared to the C groups, it was observed that DOX + LIN administration led to a significant decrease in MDA, plasma CK and LDH levels and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme levels. Finally, it was concluded that DOX led to heavy cardiotoxicity and DOX + LIN administration could remove cardiomyopathy symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Cardiotoxicidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina , Monoterpenos/uso terapéutico , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Animales , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Cardiotoxicidad/metabolismo , Cardiotoxicidad/patología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Creatina Quinasa/metabolismo , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
We compared the effect of honey and a mixture of arginine-glutamine-hydroxymethylbutyrate (AGHMB) on healing of a descending colon anastomosis in rats that were immunosuppressed with tacrolimus (Tac). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: untreated control, Tac, Tac + honey and Tac + AGHMB. Colon resection and anastomosis were performed on day 14 and re-laparotomy was performed on the day 21 of the study. Anastomotic bursting pressure, macroscopic adhesion score, weekly body weight changes, histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining of TGF-ß1 were determined for all groups. We found no significant difference in anastomotic bursting pressure among the experimental groups. We found significant weekly increases in body weight for the Tac + honey group. We found no significant difference in the weekly body weight measurements for the Tac + AGHMB group. We found significant increases in TGF-ß1 expression in the Tac + honey group compared to the control and Tac groups. No significant differences in inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast proliferation or collagen deposition were found between the Tac + honey and Tac + AGHMB groups; however, a significant difference in neovascularization between these groups was found. Neovascularization in the Tac + honey group was significantly greater than for the Tac + AGHMB group. We found that both honey and the AGHMB mixture were beneficial for anastomotic wound healing in rats that were immunosuppressed using Tac.
Asunto(s)
Arginina/farmacología , Glutamina/farmacología , Miel , Tacrolimus/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Animales , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/inmunología , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic complications. Dexpanthenol (Dxp) is the biological active form of pantothenic acid. We investigated whether Dxp administration could decrease oxidative stress as a way to treat renal complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Dxp, DM and DM + Dxp. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). After administration of STZ, the DM + Dxp group was administered 500 mg/kg Dxp intraperitoneally every day for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, blood glucose levels were measured and rats were sacrificed. Kidneys were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. The mean malondialdehyde levels, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and total antioxidant and total oxidant status also were measured. The control group was normal in histological appearance. We observed congestion, inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, tubular desquamation, loss of villi and hydropic degeneration in tubule cells in the DM group. Indicators of oxidative stress were elevated and antioxidant activity was reduced in the DM group compared to controls. In the DM + Dxp group, oxidative stress was decreased, antioxidant activity was increased and histopathological changes were reduced compared to the DM group. We found that Dxp exhibited ameliorative effects on STZ induced diabetic nephropathy by increasing antioxidant activity.
Asunto(s)
Nefropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/farmacología , Ácido Pantoténico/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Urinary tract infections are common in pregnant women and ciprofloxacin frequently is used as a broad spectrum antibiotic. It has been suggested that ciprofloxacin causes liver damage in fetuses. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties. We investigated the efficacy of quercetin treatment for preventing fetal liver damage caused by ciprofloxacin. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: untreated control group (C), 20 mg/kg quercetin for 21 days group (Q), 20 mg/kg twice/day ciprofloxacin for 10 days group (CP), and 20 mg/kg, ciprofloxacin + quercetin for 21 days group (CP + Q). Fetal livers were removed on day 21 of gestation to measure antioxidants and for histological observation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured in tissue samples. GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities were significantly lower in the CP group compared to group C. A significant increase in MDA was observed in the CP group compared to group C. There was no significant difference in GSH levels in any group. MDA levels were lower and CAT, SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities were higher in the CP + Q group compared to group CP. Liver samples of the CP group exhibited central vein dilation, portal vein congestion, pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolization in some hepatocytes. Histological changes were less prominent in the rats treated with quercetin. Use of ciprofloxacin during pregnancy caused oxidative damage in fetal liver tissue. Oxidative stress was ameliorated by quercetin. Quercetin supports the antioxidant defense mechanism and it is beneficial for treating fetal liver damage caused by ciprofloxacin.
Asunto(s)
Ciprofloxacina , Hígado , Quercetina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ciprofloxacina/toxicidad , Femenino , Enfermedades Urogenitales Femeninas/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado/patología , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas WFRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a cause of cirrhosis, is characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver, inflammation, hepatocellular damage and fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin and quercetin on CCl4-induced steatosis characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver, inflammation, hepatocellular damage and fibrosis. METHODS: Rats were divided into 5 groups: Ethanol, Olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+Melatonin (CCl4+Mel), CCl4+Quercetin. Rats were sacrificed and livers were removed for being evaluated by histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. RESULTS: In CCI4 group, vacuolization, vascular congestion, haemorrhage, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration were identified. The mean tissue MDA level was increased, whereas GSH level and SOD and CAT activities were decreased in comparison with ethanol and olive oil groups. MDA levels were decreased in CCI4+Quercetin and CCI4+Mel groups versus CCI4 group. CAT activity of CCI4+Mel group was higher than that of CCI4 and CCI4+Quercetin groups. The mean tissue GSH level of CCI4+Mel group versus CCI4 group was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: By the means of histopathological examination, we suggest that both agents are beneficial against necrotic and apoptotic cell death during steatosis. Thus, melatonin and quercetin might be beneficial in the improvement of hepatic steatosis by supporting conventional therapy in humans (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 53).
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Melatonina/farmacología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Quercetina/farmacología , Animales , Tetracloruro de Carbono/toxicidad , Femenino , Hemorragia/patología , Inflamación , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática , Necrosis , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/inducido químicamente , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Antioxidants are potential therapeutic agents for reducing stress-induced organ damage. We investigated the effects of ascorbic acid and ß-carotene on oxidative stress-induced cerebral, cerebellar, cardiac and hepatic damage using microscopy and biochemistry. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: untreated control, stressed, stressed + saline, stressed + ascorbic acid and stressed + ß-carotene. The rats in the stressed groups were subjected to starvation, immobilization and cold. The histopathological damage scores for the stressed and stressed + saline groups were higher than those of the control group for all organs examined. The histopathological damage scores and mean tissue malondialdehyde levels for the groups treated with antioxidants were lower than those for the stressed and stressed + saline groups. Mean tissue superoxide dismutase activities for groups that received antioxidants were higher than those for the stressed + saline group for most organs evaluated. Ascorbic acid and ß-carotene can reduce stress-induced organ damage by both inhibiting lipid oxidation and supporting the cellular antioxidant defense system.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , beta Caroteno/farmacología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The aim of the current study was to investigate the outcomes in a rat model of an acute swimming exercise induced oxidative stress in brain, kidney, liver, skeletal and cardiac muscles using supplementation with crocin. Rats were divided into the eight groups; Normal Control (NC: Untreated and did not swim), Crocin Control (CC: Received crocin and did not swim), Exercise-1 (E-1: Untreated and swam), Exercise-24 (E-24: Untreated and swam), Exercise-48 (E-48: Untreated and swam), Exercise+Crocin-1 (EC-1: Received crocin and swam), Exercise+Crocin-24 (EC-24: Received crocin and swam), Exercise+Crocin-48 (EC-48: Received crocin and swam). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzymes levels increased after swimming in untreated and crocin treated groups, but there was a lower increase in crocin treated groups. The highest MDA levels in all tissues were observed in E-1 compared to all other groups. There were significant differences between control and exercise groups in MDA levels of tissues (p < 0.001). In contrast, there were significant differences between control and exercise groups in glutathione (GSH) levels of tissues.In addition, the crocin supplementation significantly increased GSH levels and decreased MDA and XO enzyme levels when compared to untreated exercise groups. Crocin can protect the tissues against exercise induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant activity (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 37).
Asunto(s)
Carotenoides/farmacología , Crocus/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Natación/fisiología , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/métodos , Sustancias Protectoras , Ratas , Xantina Oxidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced liver injury and the possible protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) using histological and biochemical parameters. 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group 1: Control animals, Group 2: Control animals given CAPE Group 3: STZ-induced diabetic animals (DM group), Group 4: STZ-induced diabetic rats given CAPE (DM+CAPE group). All the injections started on the same day of single-dose STZ injection and continued for 20 days. At the end of this period, livers were removed and processed for routine histological procedures. Biochemical parameters and morphological changes were examined. In DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly increased compared with the control group. Significant increases in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) activities were detected in DM group. Administration of CAPE significantly reduced these values. STZ-induced histopathological alterations including inflammatory cell infiltration around portal triad, congestion, loss of glycogen in the hepatocytes. Additionally, degenerative cellular alterations, such as numerous vacuolizations including myelinic figure formation, pyknotic nuclei with peripheral localization of heterochromatin condensation and mitochondrial elongation were observed in cytoplasm of hepatocytes. CAPE significantly reduced these histopathological changes. Our results indicate that CAPE should be considered in the prevention of oxidative stress in diabetic liver.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Animales , Glutatión/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ciprofloxacin is a common, broad spectrum antibacterial agent; however, evidence is accumulating that ciprofloxacin may cause liver damage. Quercetin is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. We investigated histological changes in hepatic tissue of rats caused by ciprofloxacin and the effects of quercetin on these changes using histochemical and biochemical methods. We divided 28 adult female Wistar albino rats into four equal groups: control, quercetin treated, ciprofloxacin treated, and ciprofloxacin + quercetin treated. At the end of the experiment, liver samples were processed for light microscopic examination and biochemical measurements. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and a histopathologic damage score was calculated. The sections from the control group appeared normal. Hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration and intracellular vacuolization were observed in the ciprofloxacin group. The histopathological findings were reduced in the group treated with quercetin. Significant differences were found between the control and ciprofloxacin groups, and between the ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin + quercetin groups. Quercetin administration reduced liver injury caused by ciprofloxacin in rats. We suggest that quercetin may be useful for preventing ciprofloxacin induced liver damage.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Quercetina/farmacología , Animales , Citoprotección , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic commonly used in clinical practice. Quercetin is an antioxidant belongs to flavonoid group. It inhibits the production of superoxide anion. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, quercetin (20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) gavage for 21 days), ciprofloxacin (20 mg kg(-1) twice a day intraperitoneally for 10 days), and ciprofloxacin + quercetin. Samples were processed for histological and biochemical evaluations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in kidney tissue. The ciprofloxacin group showed histopathological changes such as infiltration, dilatation in tubules, tubular atrophy, reduction of Bowman's space, congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In the ciprofloxacin + quercetin group, these histopathological changes markedly reduced. MDA levels increased in the ciprofloxacin group and decreased in the ciptofloxacin + quercetin group. SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels significantly decreased in the ciprofloxacin group. On the other hand, in the ciprofloxacin + quercetin group, SOD and CAT activities and GSH levels significantly increased with regard to the ciprofloxacin group. We concluded that quercetin has antioxidative and therapeutic effects on renal injury and oxidative stress caused by ciprofloxacin in rats.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/toxicidad , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Quercetina/farmacología , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, effects of melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol on hepatocellular injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes were aimed to be investigated by histological and biochemical methods. Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups, namely, control, diabetes (STZ 45 mg/kg/single dose/intraperitoneally (ip)), diabetes + melatonin (10 mg/kg/30 days/ip), diabetes + quercetin (25 mg/kg/30 days/ip) and diabetes + resveratrol (10 mg/kg/30 days/ip). Initial and final blood glucose levels and body weights (BWs) were measured. At the end of the experimentation, following routine tissue processing procedure, sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin (H-E), periodic acid Schiff and Masson's trichrome. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were examined. The diabetic rats had significantly higher blood glucose levels than those of control rats (p = 0.0001). Mean BWs of diabetic rats were significantly decreased when compared with the control rats (p = 0.0013). Histopathological alterations including cellular glycogen depletion, congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, inflammation and fibrosis were detected in diabetes group. On the other hand, histopathological changes markedly reduced in all of the treatment groups (p = 0.001). Mean tissue MDA level was increased but mean tissue CAT and SOD activities and GSH levels were decreased in the diabetes group. Melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol administered diabetic rats showed an increase in CAT activities and GSH levels and a decrease in MDA levels (p < 0.05, for all). Melatonin, quercetin and resveratrol administrations markedly reduced hepatocellular injury in STZ-induced experimental diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Hepatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis/etiología , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/patología , Melatonina/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Quercetina/farmacología , Estilbenos/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/patología , Hepatitis/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Resveratrol , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The role of oxygen radicals are known for the pathogenesis of kidney damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: control, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + melatonin, DM + quercetin, and DM + resveratrol. All the injections started on the same day of single-dose STZ injection and continued for 30 days. At the end of this period, kidneys were removed and processed for routine histological procedures. Biochemical parameters and morphological changes were examined. In DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly increased, whereas body weights were decreased compared with the control group. Significant increases in blood urea nitrogen and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were detected in DM group. Administration of melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol significantly reduced these values. Melatonin was more efficient in reducing MDA levels than other antioxidants (p < 0.05). STZ-induced histopathological alterations including epithelial desquamation, swelling, intracytoplasmic vacuolization, brush border loss and peritubular infiltration. Additionally, basement membrane thickening and sclerotic changes were observed in glomerulus. Transforming growth factor-ß1 positive cells were also increased. Melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol significantly reduced these histopathological changes. Our results indicate that melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol might be helpful in reducing diabetes-induced renal damage.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Nefropatías Diabéticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Quercetina/uso terapéutico , Estilbenos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glucemia/análisis , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Catalasa/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatías Diabéticas/patología , Glutatión/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacología , Quercetina/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The reactive oxygen species take role in pathogenesis of many diseases including hypoxia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and heart defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether crocin administration could protect kidney injury from oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 10 animals as follows: group 1, control group; group 2, diabetes mellitus (DM) group; and group 3, DM + crocin group. At the end of the study, trunk blood was collected to determine the plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). The kidney tissue was removed, and biochemical and histological changes were examined. Diabetes caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) contents (p < 0.01) when compared with control group in the rat kidneys. Crocin given to DM rats significantly decreased MDA (p < 0.01) and XO (p < 0.05) activities and elevated GSH (p < 0.05) contents when compared with DM group. Plasma levels of BUN and Cr were significantly higher in the DM group when compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Pretreatment of the DM animals with crocin decreased the high level of serum Cr and BUN. Control group was normal in histological appearance, but congestion, severe inflammation, tubular desquamation, tubular necrosis, and hydropic degeneration in tubular cells were observed in the DM group. Histopathological changes markedly reduced, and appearance of kidney was nearly similar to control group in DM + crocin group. Our results show that crocin could be beneficial in reducing diabetes-induced renal injury.