RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Amblyopia is defined clinically as a difference in best-corrected visual acuity of two or more lines of acuity (0.2 logMAR) between the eyes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that can transiently alter the excitability of targeted brain areas in a polarity-specific manner. PURPOSE: To detect the effect of tDCS on anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial conducted on 78 patients with anisometropic amblyopia from 4.5 to 12 years of age. All patients presented with monocular amblyopia. They were divided into three groups; each group received five sessions of tDCS (anodal tDCS, cathodal tDCS, and sham tDCS). The active electrode was placed over occipital midline and the reference over central midline. Pattern visual-evoked potentials and contrast sensitivity tests were conducted before, immediately after, and 1 week after tDCS. RESULTS: The amplitude of P100 was significantly decreased immediately after and 1 week after cathodal tDCS. The latency of P100 immediately after and 1 week after anodal tDCS was significantly decreased and increased significantly after cathodal tDCS. The amplitude of P100 and maximum and minimum contrast sensitivities were significantly increased immediately after and 1 week after anodal tDCS, and maximum contrast sensitivity was significantly decreased immediately after cathodal tDCS. CONCLUSION: Anodal tDCS is a promising noninvasive modality for improvement of anisometropic amblyopia.