RESUMEN
Background: Over the last few decades, there was observed an increase of asthma and allergic rhinitis cases caused by allergy to pets. Objective: This study aimed to analyze molecular sensitization patterns to dog and cat allergens in Lithuanian children who were experiencing allergy-like symptoms. Materials and methods: A total of 574 children (0-18 years) were tested for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels with ALEX2 (ALEX2®, Allergy Explorer Test System). Positive sera were further analyzed for sensitization to cat (Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 4, and Fel d 7) and dog (Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 4, Can f 5, and Can f 6) allergen components. Results: Two hundred forty-seven children tested positive (sIgE ≥0.3 kUA/L) to at least 1 dog or cat allergen component. There were 61.1% children sensitized to components from both sources, 29.2% - exclusively to cat, and 9.7% - to dog components. The major sensitizers were Fel d 1 (84.8%) and Can f 1 (59.4%). There were 42.9% patients sensitized to 3 or more different mammalian protein families and 40.4% - to 3 or more lipocalins. There were 5.7% of children sensitized both to Fel d 1 + Fel d 4 and Can f 1/2 + Can f 5, indicating the high risk of severe asthma. Monosensitization to Fel d 1 was the dominant pattern among Lithuanian children (26.3%). Conclusion: The majority of children were cat/dog-polysensitized, although sensitization only to cat allergens was most observed. Extensive molecular profiling can be an useful tool for accurate true sensitization diagnosis and prognosis of disease severity.
RESUMEN
Introduction: There are no in-depth studies describing the peanut sensitization molecular patterns in Lithuanian children. Aim: To investigate the age-related patterns of molecular peanut sensitization profiles in Lithuanian children with suspected allergic symptoms. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of peanut sensitization profiles in 576 Lithuanian children with possible allergic symptoms. Patient data were categorized according to age groups: 0-2, 3-6, 7-12, and 13-18 years. Specific immunoglobulin E levels to peanut molecular components: Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 6, Ara h 8, Ara h 9, Ara h 15, and birch major allergen component Bet v 1 were analyzed. Results: Sensitization to at least one peanut protein was observed in 148 (25.7%) children. In children aged ≤ 2 years, most children were sensitized to Ara h 1 - 11 (12.1%). In children aged from 3 to 6 years, the sensitization to Ara h 1 remained the most prevalent in 40 (16.6%) children. The most prevalent sensitization in children aged from 7 to 12 years was to Ara h 8 in 39 (24.5%) of them. In children aged ≥ 13 years, Ara h 8 remained the most prevalent sensitizer in 21 (24.7%) of them. Conclusions: One-fourth of children with suspected allergic symptoms are sensitized to at least one peanut molecular component in Lithuania. Infants and preschool children are most commonly sensitized to seed storage proteins, while school-age children to Ara h 8 allergen.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Human donor milk is widely used to feed premature and sick newborns when the milk of their own mothers is insufficient. All treatment processes involving human milk affect its composition. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the macronutrients and bioactive protein (lactoferrin and lysozyme) content in human milk caused by freezing and Holder pasteurization. Materials and Methods: Milk samples were collected from 42 mothers 14-16 days after delivery. Each sample was divided into two parts and tested twice for macronutrient content, once upon being freshly collected and again after freezing at -40°C, thawing and Holder pasteurization. The lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were first determined in the unpasteurized thawed human milk after it was stored frozen at -80°C for up to 10 months and again after Holder pasteurization. The macronutrient concentrations were determined by midinfrared spectrophotometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations. Results: Freezing and Holder pasteurization had no significant effects on the macronutrient concentrations. The mean lactoferrin content before and after pasteurization was 2.5 ± 1.07 and 0.03 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001), and the lysozyme content was 19.57 ± 20.11 and 12.62 ± 14.14 µg/mL, respectively (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Freezing and Holder pasteurization did not decrease the nutritional value of human milk but caused considerable loss of lactoferrin and lysozyme. New methods for treating human milk are needed that ensure the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms while retaining the biological and nutritional value of the milk. The Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04382989.
Asunto(s)
Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Congelación/efectos adversos , Lactoferrina/análisis , Bancos de Leche Humana , Leche Humana/química , Muramidasa/análisis , Pasteurización/métodos , Lactancia Materna , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Nutrientes , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the circadian variation of human milk macronutrients and energy content depending upon pregnancy duration. METHODS: One hundred eighty fresh human milk samples from 45 mothers (27 of preterm and 18 of full-term newborns) were collected on a single day chosen between the 14th to 16th day after delivery. The samples were taken four times per day at 12 PM, 6 PM, 12 AM and 6 AM. Only lactating women, who could not breastfeed their hospitalized newborns and expressed milk by breast pump, were enrolled in the study. Human milk macronutrient composition and energy count were evaluated by mid-infrared spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Significant differences in macronutrient content were observed between 6 AM and 12 PM for mean protein content (t = - 4.62, df = 44, p < 0.001), for mean fat content (t = - 2.10, df = 44, p = 0.04) and for mean energy content (t = - 2.24, df = 44, p = 0.03); between 6 AM and 6 PM for mean protein content (t = - 2.41, df = 43, p = 0.02), for mean fat content (t = - 3.76, df = 43, p = 0.001) and for mean energy content (t = - 3.85, df = 43, p < 0.001); between 12 PM and 12 AM for mean protein content (Wilcoxon test V = 75.5, p = 0.001), for mean fat content (t = 2.50, df = 44, p = 0.02) and for mean energy content (t = 2.74, df = 44, p = 0.01); between 6 PM and 12 AM for mean protein content (V = 229, p = 0.02), for mean fat content (t = 4.39, df = 43, p < 0.001) and for mean energy content (t = - 4.57, df = 43, p < 0.001). The average content of carbohydrates did not change significantly during the 24 h. The samples of preterm newborns' mothers had more apparent diurnal fluctuations in macronutrient content. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed significant diurnal variations in protein and fat in human milk, and these circadian fluctuations were more apparent in the milk of mothers of preterm infants.
Asunto(s)
Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Leche Humana/química , Nutrientes/análisis , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Grasas/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactancia , Lituania , Masculino , Embarazo , Proteínas/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: A transient increase in gonadotropins and testosterone during mini-puberty causes gonocytes to differentiate into Ad spermatogonia, which establish male germ cell memory and male-specific DNA methylation pathways. Over half of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism and the majority of patients with bilateral cryptorchidism display an abnormal spermiogram, which indicates that unilateral cryptorchidism is a bilateral disease; therefore, it represents a serious andrological problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between hormonal parameters and testicular biopsy findings in boys with cryptorchidism. METHOD: Seventy-one boys (median age 15 months; range 7-65 months) who underwent orchidopexy (24% had bilateral cryptorchidism) were tested for serum LH, FSH, and inhibin B. With ipsilateral testis biopsy histology, we determined the tubular fertility index (TFI), Ad spermatogonia counts, and Ad/tubular index (Ad/T). We compared age groups (<18 vs. >18 months old); groups with and without Ad spermatogonia; groups with unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism; and extreme groups with high infertility risk (HIR; n = 12; TFI <0.2; Ad/T = 0) and low infertility risk (LIR; n = 9; TFI >0.9; Ad/T>0.02). RESULTS: Of the specimens, 38% had no Ad spermatogonia. Age was significantly negatively correlated with TFI and Ad/T, but positively correlated with FSH. Median LH values were significantly higher in LIR than in HIR groups. Unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism showed similar TFI, Ad/T, and hormone concentrations. The areas under ROC curves for FSH, LH, and inhibin B (0.66, 0.601, and 0.599, respectively) showed low diagnostic value for predicting HIR (no Ad spermatogonia). CONCLUSION: Our observation of lower plasma LH levels in the group with the most pronounced testicular pathology was the opposite of what we would have expected if testicular pathological changes were caused by a primary gonadal defect. Therefore, low plasma LH levels in the HIR group confirmed the notion that this group of patients with cryptorchidism had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The estimated incidence of defective mini-puberty in boys with cryptorchidism could be as high as 50%. Testicular biopsies from boys with cryptorchidism lacked Ad spermatogonia. Fertility parameters worsened with age. Significantly lower basal LH in the HIR group indicated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Serum hormone levels could not predict histological biopsy findings.
Asunto(s)
Criptorquidismo/sangre , Criptorquidismo/patología , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Inhibinas/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Testículo/patología , Testículo/fisiopatología , Biopsia , Niño , Preescolar , Criptorquidismo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
The IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) belongs to a family of regulatory RNA-binding proteins and controls stability, transport or translation of its target transcripts. Re-expression of IGF2BP1 is frequently found in different tumors and has been associated with aggressive disease phenotypes. IGF2BP1 has also been identified to be exclusively specific for t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but biological significance of IGF2BP1 overexpression has not been investigated to date. We have recently reported that ETV6/RUNX1 transcript is a target of RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 in t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive ALL suggesting a direct role of IGF2BP1 in ETV6/RUNX1-mediated leukemogenesis. To address this question we have employed stable clones of REH cells - a model cell line of t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive ALL - with downregulated IGF2BP1 expression. Here we show that downregulation of IGF2BP1 impairs proliferation by attenuating cell cycle progression and increasing the rate of spontaneous cell death. We also provide evidence that downregulation of IGF2BP1 induce reduction of STAT3 mRNA levels and augments sensitivity to STAT3 selective inhibitor S3I-201. These data imply that IGF2BP1 indirectly potentiates ETV6/RUNX1-RAC1-STAT3 signaling axis by sustaining appropriate ETV6/RUNX1 and STAT3 transcript levels in REH cells. Further studies are warranted to specify the role of IGF2BP1 in t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive ALL.
Asunto(s)
Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Translocación Genética , Ciclo Celular , Muerte Celular , Proliferación Celular , Cromosomas Humanos Par 12 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 21 , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Humanos , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patología , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Transducción de Señal/genética , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
The oncofetal RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 (IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1) is overexpressed in a subset of cancers and promotes cell cycle, migration and aggressive phenotype by regulating post-transcriptionally a number of key mRNAs (e. g, ACTB, CD44, CTNNB1, KRAS, MAPK4, MYC, PTEN and others). IGF2BP1 is also overexpressed in t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the biological significance of this phenomenon has not been addressed so far. We have identified leukemia fusion gene ETV6/RUNX1 mRNA to be highly enriched in immunoprecipitated fraction of endogenous IGF2BP1 from a model cell line REH and t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive ALL samples. Furthermore, downregulation of IGF2BP1 by two-fold has resulted in a corresponding decrease of ETV6/RUNX1 mRNA validating this transcript as a target of IGF2BP1 protein in t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive ALL. These data infer that IGF2BP1 is a potent regulator of ETV6/RUNX1 mRNA stability and potentially link this evolutionary-highly conserved protein to cell transformation events in ETV6/RUNX1-mediated leukemogenesis of t(12;21)(p13;q22)-positive ALL.
Asunto(s)
Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Translocación Genética , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromosomas Humanos Par 12 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 21 , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patología , Unión Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/metabolismo , Estabilidad del ARN , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Proteína ETS de Variante de Translocación 6RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prediction of bacteremia/sepsis in childhood oncology patients with febrile neutropenia still remains a challenge for the medical community due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, especially at the beginning of infectious process. The objective of this study was to evaluate diagnostic value of soluble biomarkers (CD14 subtype, interleukin-2 receptor, HLA-G) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the identification of infectious process at the beginning of a febrile episode in pediatric oncology patients. METHODS: A total of 62 episodes of febrile neutropenia in 37 childhood oncology patients were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were collected at presentation after confirmation of febrile neutropenia and analyzed according to recommendations of manufacturers. Patients were classified into bacteremia/sepsis and fever of unknown origin groups. RESULTS: Median of PCT and sIL-2R were considerably higher in bacteremia/sepsis group compared to fever of unknown origin group, whereas median of sHLA-G and presepsin levels between investigated groups did not differ sufficiently. CONCLUSIONS: PCT and sIL-2R determination might be used as an additional diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteremia/sepsis in childhood oncology patients with febrile neutropenia.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Calcitonina/sangre , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Precursores de Proteínas/sangre , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Bacteriemia/sangre , Bacteriemia/complicaciones , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina , Niño , Preescolar , Demografía , Femenino , Fiebre/sangre , Fiebre/inducido químicamente , Fiebre/complicaciones , Antígenos HLA-G/sangre , Humanos , Lactante , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/sangre , Masculino , Neoplasias/sangre , Neutropenia/sangre , Neutropenia/complicaciones , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Receptores de Interleucina-2/sangre , Sepsis/sangre , Sepsis/complicaciones , SolubilidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Early diagnosis of sepsis in children with febrile neutropenia and cancer still remains a challenge for modern medicine because of lack of specific laboratory markers and clinical signs especially at the beginning of the infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 to predict bacteremia and sepsis during the first 2 days in oncohematologic patients with febrile neutropenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 61 febrile neutropenic episodes in 37 children were studied. Serum samples were collected on day 1 and day 2 from the onset of fever and analyzed using an automated random access analyzer. RESULTS: Neutropenic children with febrile episodes were classified into the following 2 groups: (1) fever of unknown origin group--patients with a negative blood culture--and (2) bacteremia/sepsis group--patients with a positive blood culture or clinical sepsis. High negative predictive values were found on day 1 for interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 (89% and 82%, respectively) for exclusion of bacteremia/sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: These interleukins could be used as a screening tool for the rejection of sepsis or bacteremia on the first day of fever in neutropenic children with cancer.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Fiebre/diagnóstico , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-8/sangre , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neutropenia/diagnóstico , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Bacteriemia/sangre , Bacteriemia/etiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fiebre/sangre , Fiebre/etiología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Neoplasias/sangre , Neutropenia/sangre , Neutropenia/etiología , Sepsis/sangre , Sepsis/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of bacteremia and sepsis in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia still remains unresolved task due to lack of sensitive and specific laboratory markers particularly at the beginning of the infectious process. The objective of our study was to assess the potentiality of interleukin-10 (IL-10) to predict or exclude bacteremia or sepsis at the beginning of febrile episode in childhood oncology patients. METHODS: A total of 36 febrile neutropenic episodes in 24 children were studied. Serum samples were collected after confirmation of febrile neutropenia and analyzed using automated random access analyzer. RESULTS: The sensitivity of IL-10 was 73% and specificity - 92% (cut-off=18pg/ml, area under the curve - 0.87, 95% CI for sensitivity 39-94%, 95% CI for specificity 74-99%) with negative predictive value (NPV) - 83%. CONCLUSIONS: IL-10 evaluation might be used as an additional diagnostic tool for clinicians in excluding bacteremia or clinical sepsis in oncology patients with febrile neutropenia because of high NPV and specificity.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/sangre , Fiebre/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Neoplasias/sangre , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neutropenia/sangre , Sepsis/sangre , Adolescente , Bacteriemia/complicaciones , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Fiebre/complicaciones , Fiebre/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Neutropenia/complicaciones , Neutropenia/microbiología , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
There is increasing evidence that human development before implantation is regulated by embryonically and maternally derived growth factors. The "regulators" of embryonic origin such as soluble human leukocyte antigen G, platelet-activating factor, Th1/Th2 cytokines, insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor may be used as indicators of embryo viability and implantation potential. The data prove the influence of growth factors on the development and growth of preimplantation embryos. Though there is a lot of research in the field of biomarkers during folliculogenesis and maternal-fetal interface, only few of them deal with regulators derived from embryonic cells to the cultivation medium. The aim of our study was to summarize the research dealing with immune markers produced by embryos in vitro and to estimate their impact on the cell growth, viability and implantation potential.
Asunto(s)
Implantación del Embrión , Desarrollo Embrionario , Fertilización In Vitro , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/fisiología , Somatomedinas/fisiología , Factores de Crecimiento Transformadores/fisiología , Animales , Factores Estimulantes de Colonias/fisiología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/fisiología , Femenino , Viabilidad Fetal , Humanos , Ratones , Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/fisiología , EmbarazoRESUMEN
PROBLEM: Follicular fluid (FF) and surrounding tissue contains various lymphocytes that synthesize different cytokines. The other sources of cytokines are ovarian somatic cells. FF provides microenvironment for the oocyte and contains immunological factors for the regulation of its development. Changes in expression and concentrations of certain cytokines can influence oocyte and embryo quality, resulting in a reduced ability to implant. Some data shows that follicular environment depends on infertility indication. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are released in the human FF and also to evaluate impact of those cytokines on fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, and pregnancy rate. METHODS OF STUDY: Couples treated by assisted reproductive technologies were selected for this study. A total of 121 patients participated in the study. Until cytokine detection samples of FF were stored at -20 degrees C. In vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure was used depending on the indication. After 72 hr, on the day of transfer, embryo morphology was evaluated. Embryo transfer based on embryo morphology was performed. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit from Diaclone, France was used for the quantitative determination of human IL-10 and IFN-gamma concentrations in FF. Analysis of the results was performed using spss 12.0. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one FF samples were tested for IL-10 and IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma and IL-10 were detected in 14 (11.6%) and 108 (89.3%) FF samples, respectively (range 0.9-31.1 pg/mL for IFN-gamma and 0.7-10.8 pg/mL for IL-10). There was no significant correlation between infertility indication, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and concentrations of the follicular cytokines. Similarly, IL-10 concentrations did not differ significantly in different age groups and did not alter pregnancy rate. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that IFN-gamma and IL-10 are not suitable markers in predicting outcome of assisted reproductive technologies.
Asunto(s)
Líquido Folicular/inmunología , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the level of soluble HLA-G molecules in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients. The findings demonstrate that a soluble HLA-G level in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis is similar to that of the control group.
Asunto(s)
Líquido Ascítico/química , Endometriosis/patología , Antígenos HLA/análisis , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/análisis , Adulto , Líquido Ascítico/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Endometriosis/cirugía , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Antígenos HLA-G , Humanos , Laparoscopía , SolubilidadRESUMEN
PROBLEM: Activated lymphocytes can be eliminated by Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-induced cell death. Endometrial cells express FasL. The aim of our study was to determine the expression of CD56+ cells (natural killer and natural killer T cells) Fas antigen CD95 and the early activation molecule CD69 in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. METHOD: Two-colour flow cytometry was used. RESULTS: In the early stages of endometriosis, more CD56+ cells expressed CD69 and CD95 molecules when compared with the control group. However, in case of severe endometriosis the percentage of CD95+CD56+ cells in peritoneal fluid was similar to that of the control group, but the expression of CD69 molecules remained high. CONCLUSION: Because of Fas/FasL mechanisms, in the initial stages of endometriosis the activated peritoneal fluid CD56+ cells can be intensively eliminated, thus providing conditions for the survival of ectopic endometrial cells and the development of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/biosíntesis , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/biosíntesis , Antígeno CD56/biosíntesis , Endometriosis/inmunología , Endometriosis/metabolismo , Receptor fas/biosíntesis , Adulto , Líquido Ascítico/citología , Líquido Ascítico/inmunología , Endometriosis/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Células Asesinas Naturales/patología , Lectinas Tipo C , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/patologíaRESUMEN
PROBLEM: Macrophages are highly individualized in tissues and their activities are a reflection of systemic and local environmental signals. The expression of activation (CD69, CD71) and adhesion (CD54) molecules on the surface of CD14+ endometrial macrophages at various phases of the menstrual cycle was compared with the cell surface receptors of peritoneal fluid macrophages. METHOD OF STUDY: Two-colour-flow cytometry was used to determine the peritoneal and endometrial macrophage phenotype. RESULTS: Endometrium macrophages expressed a lower level of CD69+ and CD54+ macrophages than peritoneal macrophages. However, CD71 receptors displayed similar expression in both macrophage populations, endometrium and peritoneal, except during the proliferative phase. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the differences between macrophages from endometrium and peritoneal fluid with regard to CD69, CD71 and CD54 expression. In addition, increased numbers of endometrial macrophages in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle suggest that they may play a role in menstruation.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Endometrio/inmunología , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/inmunología , Macrófagos Peritoneales/inmunología , Endometrio/citología , Femenino , Humanos , Lectinas Tipo C , Ciclo Menstrual/inmunología , Receptores de TransferrinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) expression by natural killer (NK) cells in early pregnancy. DESIGN: Case-control study of immunologic markers. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): Thirty pregnant women and 22 nonpregnant women. INTERVENTION(S): Peripheral venous blood sampling and decidual tissue collection after elective abortion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Flow cytometry was used to assess expression of KIR by NK cells in the cell samples. RESULT(S): In contrast to CD56(bright) peripheral blood NK cells, CD56(dim) cells express killer cell Ig-like receptor KIR/NKAT2. However, KIR/NKAT2 and lectin-like CD94 are present on both subsets of decidual NK cells. We found no differences between peripheral blood NK cell subsets from pregnant and nonpregnant women. CONCLUSION(S): Our findings demonstrate that NK cell subsets, distributed in accordance with CD56 molecule density on cell surface, express killer inhibitory receptors CD94 and KIR/NKAT2 in a different way. Our data support the view that CD56(bright)KIR/NKAT2+CD94+ decidual NK cells are specialized NK cells that have an important role to play in early pregnancy.