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Prolactin and aldosterone secretion and renin activity in the plasma were measured in the course of thyroliberin (TRH) test in women with various endocrine diseases, both connected with the water-salt metabolism disturbances and without these--with the idiopathic edemas (n = 11), hypothyrosis (n = 16), Stein-Leventhal'syndrome (n = 6), and obesity (n = 8). A reciprocal relationship between prolactin concentrations (a drastic elevation) and aldosterone levels (lowered) were revealed, as were universal responses of both the hormones to TRH administration in patients with various conditions. The authors come to a conclusion on the absence of a stimulating effect of prolactin on aldosterone secretion and plasma renin activity. They suggest an indirect contribution of prolactin to the regulation of the renin-aldosterone system, probably via dopaminergic mechanisms.

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Timely diagnosis of hypothyrosis was noted in 34% of patients only. Considerable difficulties in the diagnosis of disease were associated with an atypical course of disease in a number of patients. The authors discuss some problems of a clinical picture of hypothyrosis with arterial hypertension, sympatico-adrenal crises, polyserositis, pituitary adenoma, amenorrhea-lactorrhea, premature puberty in boys; they also discuss pathogenesis of sexual advancement of a number of pubertal features in Van Wyk-Grambooh syndrome. Hennes-Ross syndrome was identified as a separate entity.

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The state of renal excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was investigated in 15 patients with hypothyrosis of various degree of gravity before and during thyroid therapy. A raised level of GAG excretion with urine reflecting excessive GAG tissue accumulation was revealed. A degree of elevation was unrelated to a gravity of disease and grew with a period of disease. Thyroid therapy considerably increased GAG renal excretion, particularly in patients with a longer period of disease. A GAG level in daily urine can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion in hypothyrosis and the time course of GAG can serve for assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

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A study was made of aldosterone (A) level and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 47 patients with hypothyrosis of various degree of severity prior to and during therapy with thyroid drugs. A normal basal A level in the blood plasma was noted, in some patients it was raised or lowered. The following tendency was revealed during therapy with thyroid drugs: in patients with lowered A and PRA levels a rise of these levels was noted during treatment, in raised levels a significant drop was noted. Normal A and PRA basal levels (in most of the patients) showed in the process of treatment diverse tendencies: toward a decrease in the A level and a rise of the PRA level within normal range. The results obtained indicated independent effect of thyroid hormones on A and PRA synthesis. In case of low level of endogenous thyroid hormones as well as exposure to exogenous thyroid hormones changes in the A level were not directly controlled by PRA.

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The content of aldosterone and renin activity were examined together with the determination of progesterone, estradiol, gonadotropins and prolactin in the blood of 39 women with idiopathic edemas and in 15 normal women in different phases of menstrual cycle. Women with idiopathic edemas showed a number of hormonal deviations: absolute and relative hyperaldosteronism, particularly demonstrable in the ortho-position, impairment of physiological stability between aldosterone levels in the luteic and folliculin phases; a decrease in progesterone level in the luteic phase; a decrease in the absolute amount of estrogens in the folliculin phase and relative hyperestrogeny in the luteic one; an increase in prolactin content in the early folliculin phase in a considerable number of patients (50%). It is assumed that deviations described might be involved in the formation of edemas.

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Idiopathic edema is a little studied syndrome occurring in middle-aged women. Edemas are not associated with cardiac, liver or kidney pathology and are frequently caused by psychic trauma, infection or pregnancy. The disease pathogenesis is stipulated by hyperaldosteronism, antidiuretic hormone excess, estrogen-progesterone unbalance, initial disorder of the central hypothalamic regulation, etc. The treatment is mainly symptomatic; the disease course is non-malignant.

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Clinical and experimental studies on cerebral components, emotional-motivation--personality sphere, vegetative nervous system and their relationships were carried out in 31 women suffering from idiopathic edema. Three neurogenic factors (psychological, hypothalamus dysfunction and brain homeostasis disorder) influence the disease pathogenesis. It has been demonstrated that these factors correlate well with endocrine and vegetative disorders being the pathological basis of the disease. It is concluded that the neurogenic factors play a different role in the disease pathogenesis. Severe forms of the disease are characterized by cerebro-endocrine mechanisms of the fluid retention, and mild cases by psychovegetative ones.

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The anorectic drug teronak (made by "Sandoz") was used in the treatment of 73 obese patients, 34 of whom suffered from diabetes mellitus. The drug is well tolerated and had no side effects. Its positive action on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was noted during the treatment. The mean loss of weight after a 12-week treatment constituted 10.1 +/- 0.6 kg.

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Aldosterone and progesterone content and renin activity were studied by the radioimmunological method in women with the idiopathic edema syndrome and in healthy women in various phases of the menstrual cycle. The most significant differences were revealed in the luteinic phase of the cycle. A parallel elevation of the renin activity and of the aldosterone level against the background of a high progesterone level occurred in healthy women at this phase. Patients showed greater increase in the aldosterone level with the reduction of renin activity and a low progesteron level. Hyperaldosteronism was observed in patients with the idiopathic edema syndrome in all the phases of the cycle. It is suggested that an excessive elevation of the aldosterone level and a decrease in the progesterone level in the luteinic phase of the cycle could served as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the edema syndrome formation.

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Patients (45) aged from 19 to 52 years with the syndrome of idiopathic edema were examined by the electroencephalographic method. The great majority of the patients displayed a distinct increase of the theta-activity with some reduction of the alpha-activity. Such shift in the frequency composition could be interpreted as a reflection of the involvement of diencephalic structures into the pathological process. An extreme irregularity of the frequency and the amplitude of the main rhythm was revealed in 14 of 45 patients on the EEG; this, in combination with clinical symptoms, led to a supposition that the regulatory functions of the hypothalamus were disturbed.

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It appeared that urinary aldosterone excretion was increased in 23 of 35 patients with a syndrome of idiopathic edema. The plasma renin activity failed to differ from the norm; consequently it can be supposed that the renin-angiotensin system played no significant role in the mechanism of hyperaldosteronism development in this form of pathology. A negative sodium balance was revealed in some of the patients with an edema syndrome and hyperaldosteronism.

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