RESUMEN
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of the efficacy and safety of dilevalol, 200 mg (n = 86), compared with enalapril, 20 mg (n = 92), administered once daily to patients with mild hypertension. Three weeks of placebo washout were followed by 4 weeks of comparative treatment. Beginning with the first week of treatment, both drugs substantially decreased blood pressure from baselines of approximately 160/100 mm Hg. Decreases in systolic pressure were comparable throughout treatment, but dilevalol tended to have a greater effect on diastolic pressure. At the end of double-blind treatment, average decreases in blood pressure with dilevalol and enalapril were 16/13 and 16/11 mm Hg supine and 15/13 and 15/10 mm Hg standing (p = 0.03 for between-group comparisons of standing diastolic pressure). More dilevalol- than enalapril-treated patients achieved a diastolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg; 73 vs 55% (p = 0.02) supine, and 69 vs 43% (p less than 0.01) standing. The safety profiles of the 2 drugs were comparable. The incidence of adverse effects was low, and few patients discontinued treatment. Headache and gastrointestinal discomfort were reported in both groups. Average postural changes in blood pressure were similar to baseline. Electrocardiographic changes were rare and not treatment related. Changes in laboratory test results were minor. Heart rate decreased modestly with dilevalol relative to enalapril (6 vs 2 to 3 beats/min; p less than 0.01), but no bradycardia was observed.
Asunto(s)
Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Labetalol/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Método Doble Ciego , Enalapril/efectos adversos , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Labetalol/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Distribución Aleatoria , SupinaciónRESUMEN
One hundred and fourteen umbilical catheters (79 arterial and 35 venous) were cultured with a semiquantitative technique. Twelve cultures were SQC positive with greater than or equal to 15 colonies, and all but two of these had greater than or equal to 100 colonies. Organisms usually considered to be pathogens were associated with SQC positive catheters, whereas organisms generally considered nonpathogens were associated with less than 15 colonies on SQC. Therefore SQC may help to differentiate between contamination and infection related to umbilical catheters. The one case with purulence at the cord base grew 100 colonies of Staphylococcus epidermidis on SQC. S. epidermidis showed a bimodal distribution in colony count and should be considered as a pathogen when high colony counts are present. Duration of catheterization was longer in SQC positive catheters. Empiric antibiotic use was associated with negative SQC. Further study is indicated in a newborn population with a lower rate to antibiotic use for correlation of SQC results with catheter-induced bacteremia and sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Catéteres de Permanencia/efectos adversos , Arterias Umbilicales , Venas Umbilicales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Técnicas MicrobiológicasRESUMEN
There are few reports of parasitic disease prevalence in the Dominican Republic. The most recent study was that by Mackie et al. (1951). Examination of purged specimens from individuals employed by two sugar plantations demonstrated generally high prevalences of a number of helminths and protozoans. We report here the findings of a prevalence study using a population sample of 453 individuals. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba coli were found.