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PURPOSE: To determine prevalence of ligamentum teres (LT) injuries identified during hip arthroscopy for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and to identify physical examination findings or radiographic characteristics specific to patients with complete LT tears that could possibly assist in a preoperative diagnosis. METHODS: Between October 2006 and June 2015, prospective data were collected on consecutive hip arthroscopies. Inclusion criterion was primary hip arthroscopy in patients aged 18 years or older. All patients in the study were treated for chondrolabral dysfunction associated with FAI. Patients with prior hip surgery were excluded. A total of 2,213 out of 3,158 hip arthroscopies met the inclusion criterion. RESULTS: Of the 2,213 hips, 233 (11%) had a normal LT, 1,947 (88%) had frayed/partially torn, and 33 (1.5%) had a torn LT. A higher prevalence of torn LT was seen in female subjects. Patients with torn LT had lower body mass index (BMI) (22.5 v 24.7; P < .01) than those with hips with normal LT. On radiographs, patients with torn LTs had a lower center edge angle and had increased odds of having a center edge angle less than 25°. Isolated cam or isolated pincer were seen more often in hips with torn LT than in hips with normal LT. Hips with torn LT were 3.1 times more likely to have a chondral defect on the femoral head than were hips with normal LT (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-8.7) and were 3.6 times more likely to have capsular laxity diagnosed at hip arthroscopy than were hips with normal LT (95% CI, 1.4-9.4). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with FAI and labral pathology, complete tears of the LT were rare and were more likely to be seen in women and those with lower BMI and low center edge angles at arthroscopy. LT tears were associated with hip laxity and chondral defects of the femoral head. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, prognostic case series.

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Although suramin (Sur) is suggested as a potential drug candidate in the management of Chagas disease, this issue has not been objectively tested. In this study, we examined the applicability of concomitant treatment with benznidazole (Bz) and suramin in mice infected with a virulent strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eighty 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were equally randomized in eight groups: (i) noninfected mice (negative control) and mice infected with T. cruzi Y strain receiving (ii) no treatment (positive control), (iii) Bz, 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, (iv) Sur, 20 mg/kg/day, and (v to viii) Sur, 20 mg/kg/day, combined with Bz, 100, 50, 25, or 5 mg/kg/day. Bz was administered by gavage, and Sur was administered intraperitoneally. Sur dramatically increased the parasitemia, cardiac content of parasite DNA, inflammation, oxidative tissue damage, and mortality. In response to high parasitic load in cardiac tissue, Sur stimulated the immune system in a manner typical of the acute phase of Chagas disease, increasing tissue levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducing a preferential IgG2a anti-T. cruzi serum pattern. When Sur and Bz were combined, the infection severity was attenuated, showing a dose-dependent Bz response. Sur therapy had a more harmful effect on the host than on the parasite and reduced the efficacy of Bz against T. cruzi infection. Considering that Sur drastically reinforced the infection evolution, potentiating the inflammatory process and the severity of cardiac lesions, the in vivo findings contradicted the in vitro anti-T. cruzi potential described for this drug.

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Uma pesquisa de comportamento de risco ao HIV foi conduzida entre conscritos (17-20 anos) do Exército em 1998. A amostra (30.318) foi selecionada em três estratos: 1) municípios das regiöes Norte e Centro-Oeste (N/CO); 2) municípios da regiäo Sul (S); 3) municípios dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Säo Paulo (RJ/SP), estimando-se a prevalência de infecçäo pelo HIV em cada estrato. O objetivo foi o de apreciar os resultados por nível sècio-econômico (NSE). A análise estatística utilizou um índice de comportamento sexual de risco para HIV e modelos de regressäo logística. O estrato N/CO apresentou os piores indicadores - os relativos ao NSE, ao comportamento sexual de risco ou aos problemas relacionados às infecçöes sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) - assim como a maior proporçäo de infectados por HIV. Os melhores indicadores foram encontrados no estrato RJ/SP. O Sul mostrou resultados intermediários. O grau de escolaridade teve papel relevante. Os conscritos com primeiro grau incompleto apresentaram o pior índice de comportamento sexual de risco, o qual se mostrou importante preditor dos problemas relacionados às IST, incluindo a infecçäo por HIV.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine if loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) can replace cold knife conization. STUDY DESIGN: In a population at high risk for invasive carcinoma, 163 cases of LEEP conization were performed with the same indications as cold knife for cervical conization. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of LEEP surgical specimens were positive for dysplasia. Six cases showed invasive squamous cell carcinoma. No complications were seen. CONCLUSION: LEEP conization is a quick, simple and economical procedure that can safely replace most cases of cold knife conization.

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