RESUMEN
A study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of gallstone disease (gallstones observed on ultrasound or history of cholecystectomy) in 308 diabetics and 318 controls. There was a higher prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD) in diabetics (32.7%) compared to controls (20.8%; P < 0.001 chi-squared test). However, when gender was taken into account, the difference was only significant in females (diabetics 41.8% versus controls 23.1%; P < 0.001). Analysis by type of diabetes revealed that subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) had a higher prevalence of GSD than controls for both genders: males-controls 18.1%, NIDDM 33.3% (P < 0.05), IDDM 15.6% ns; females-controls 23.1%, NIDDM 48.6% (P < 0.001), IDDM 36.3% (P < 0.05). On univariate analysis the following risk factors were associated with gallstones (P < 0.1): increased age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, alcohol intake, family history of GSD, and female parity > 3. Using stepwise multiple, logistic regression, the following variables were identified as independently predictive of gallstones for each gender/diabetic combination: Males-NIDDM (N = 54), increased age, and decreased HDL; IDDM (N = 90), age and family history; Females-NIDDM (N = 74), increased age, diabetes, increased BMI, and decreased alcohol; IDDM (N = 91), increased BMI, age, decreased alcohol and family history. The proportion of subjects who underwent cholecystectomy was higher in females (46.7%) compared to males (21.7%; P < 0.01) but there were no differences between diabetics and controls in either sex. In conclusion, there was a higher prevalence of GSD in diabetics compared to controls. However, GSD is multifactorial and only in NIDDM females was diabetes an independent risk factor. The proportion of diabetics and controls with GSD who underwent cholecystectomy was equivalent.
Asunto(s)
Colelitiasis/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Colecistectomía , Colelitiasis/etiología , Colelitiasis/cirugía , Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangre , Masculino , Paridad , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Análisis de Regresión , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Triglicéridos/sangreAsunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Linfáticas/microbiología , Infecciones por Pneumocystis/diagnóstico por imagen , Absceso del Psoas/microbiología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/epidemiología , Adulto , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/microbiología , Enfermedades Linfáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Infecciones por Pneumocystis/epidemiología , Absceso del Psoas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
This study attempts to find out what is the appropriate dose of non-ionic contrast media to provide an acceptable study at the lowest possible cost. 139 adults with normal renal function were studied. Four different dose regimes were employed and a standardised set of I.V.U. films were obtained. These were reviewed by two independent assessors who were unaware of the dose regime used. Each I.V.U. was scored on a modified Fry regime. This survey showed a clear relationship between quality and dosage.