RESUMEN

Background: Overweight and obesity are increasing global public health problems. Mazdutide is a new dual agonist drug that can potentially reduce weight and blood glucose levels simultaneously. However, the synthesis of evidence on the efficacy and safety of this drug is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide compared to placebo on weight reduction among adults with and without diabetes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data were retrieved from six electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Google Scholar, and manually searched from the included references. The data were synthesized using a random effect model. This analysis was performed in the R programming language using the Meta package. Results: A total of seven RCTs involving 680 participants were included in this study. Mazdutide was more effective in reducing body weight (mean difference [MD]= -6.22%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.02% to -4.41%, I2 = 90.0%), systolic blood pressure (MD = -7.57 mmHg, 95% CI: -11.17 to -3.98 mmHg, I2 = 46%), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -2.98 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.74 to -0.22 mmHg, I2 = 56%), total cholesterol (MD = -16.82%, 95% CI: -24.52 to -9.13%, I2 = 61%), triglycerides (MD = -43.29%, 95% CI: -61.57 to -25.01%, I2 = 68%), low-density lipoprotein (MD= -17.07%, 95% CI: -25.54 to -8.60%, I2 = 53%), and high-density lipoprotein (MD = -7.54%, 95% CI: -11.26 to -3.83%, I2 = 0%) than placebo. Mazdutide was associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose in participants with type 2 diabetes. In the subgroup and meta-regression analyses, weight reduction was more significant in non-diabetics compared to diabetics, and in those who received a longer treatment duration (24 weeks) than in those on shorter durations (12-20 weeks). Participants who received Mazdutide had a higher risk of transient mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: Mazdutite appears to be effective in weight reduction among patients with and without diabetes, and it has an advantage over other associated comorbidities. However, it was associated with mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=403859, identifier CRD42023403859.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Péptidos , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Ayuno , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto

RESUMEN

Vaccine hesitancy has surfaced globally within the last few decades, and the fears and misconceptions of people about vaccine safety and effectiveness have been identified as key factors for their under-utilization. The familiarity, attitudes, and religious beliefs of the public and of future healthcare practitioners regarding vaccination are extensive areas needing exploration. The present exploratory cross-sectional study was designed, planned and carried out on students enrolled in health science and non-health science courses in one of the public universities of Malaysia. A research instrument that had been formulated, validated and subjected to reliability testing was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A response rate of 80.8% (n = 202) was obtained: the majority were female (n = 161, 79.7%), and had been vaccinated before (n = 190, 97.5%), while a mere 2% did not support vaccination for reasons pertaining to safety issues. The vaccine familiarity score was 10.79 ± 1.4, which significantly differed among the study disciplines (p < 0.001). The mean of the total attitude score was 14.95 ± 1.5, with no significant difference among demographics being noted. The mean of the total religious beliefs score was 24.29 ± 2.8 and significantly differed based on gender (p = 0.040) and study disciplines (p < 0.001). The current findings showed that the participants were familiar with vaccines and had generally positive attitudes and positive religious beliefs toward vaccination; thus, one can expect that their inclusion in immunization campaigns will generate positive outcomes of the immunization program. Although the current research reported few knowledge gaps, these may be handled with the introduction of a specialized immunization course at an undergraduate level.

RESUMEN

Medication error reporting (MER) is an effective way used to identify the causes of Medication Errors (MEs) and to prevent repeating them in future. The underreporting of MEs is a challenge generally in all MER systems. The current research aimed to explore nurses' knowledge on MER by determining their attitudes towards reporting and studying the implicated barriers and facilitators. A total of 23 nurses were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The saturation point was attained after 21 interviews. All the interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four major themes and 17 sub-themes were identified. Almost all the interviewees were aware about the existence of the MER system. They showed a positive attitude towards MER. The main barriers for MER were the impacts of time and workload, fear of investigation, impacts on the job, and negative reactions from the person in charge. The nurses were knowledgeable about MER but there was uncertainty towards reporting harmless MEs, thus indicating the need for an educational program to highlight the benefits of near-miss reporting. To improve participation strategies, a blameless reporting culture, reporting anonymously, and a simplified MER process should be considered.