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This study aims to examine the level of burnout and social support of healthcare workers in filiation teams during the period of COVID-19 in Turkey. A total of 1028 healthcare workers have been reached. The sociodemographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) have been used. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were created, and independent t-tests and Pearson correlation tests were performed. 69.5% of the participants were females. The participants consisted of midwives (21.2%), nurses (15.5%), doctors (14.1%), psychologists (10.8%), and dentists (10.7%). The MSPSS scale scores of the participants were 62.66 ± 16.96; family 22.87 ± 5.85, friends 21.14 ± 6.30, and significant other person 18.65 ± 7.95. MBI scale scores are 54.05 ± 10.77, emotional exhaustion 18.12 ± 8.36, depersonalization 4.53 ± 3.45, and personal achievement 31.40 ± 7.04. The study showed that females have higher levels of emotional exhaustion and, as education levels, the population of the region, daily working hours, patient burden, and death of coronavirus-infected colleagues increase, and burnout levels increase.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine in depth the experiences of Turkish veterans diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and their spouses in the dimension of affective development in the light of their trauma experiences with a qualitative design and phenomenological approach. METHODS: The study group of the research consisted of 21 veterans diagnosed with PTSD and accepted as veterans, and the spouses of the 21 veterans. The data of the study were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants used a semi-structured interview form (Appendix). Data analyses were performed used the MAXQDA 2020 software. RESULTS: Study, the main themes determined as pretraumatic positive emotions and posttraumatic negative emotions. There were 4 themes under negative emotions after trauma and 24 sub-themes under 4 themes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the study, it was understood that trauma experience and PTSD affect the affective development dimension of veterans and their spouses at different levels, and these effects have negative elements. According to these findings, it was determined that veterans and their spouses need psychosocial services that address the affective development dimension.

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Spirituality is one aspect to consider given the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the number of in-depth qualitative studies on spirituality-related issues and experiences is limited. The present study investigated the spiritual problems and experiences of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out with 342 Muslim students undertaking a distance education program at a state university in Turkey. The study was carried out using the non-probability sampling method. The data was collected using Qualtrics through a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions related to spirituality during COVID-19. The data was analyzed using MAXQDA. The findings consisted of three categories, including spirituality during the pandemic, attitudes and behaviors related to the pandemic with a focus on spirituality, and feelings and thoughts about spirituality during the pandemic. There were fourteen subcategories, including resilience, meaning of life, coping mechanisms, acceptance, doubts, cleanliness, solidarity, risky behaviors, digitalization, religious rituals, inner peace, death, emotions, and hope. To meet the spiritual needs of students, it can be recommended to provide a suitable place for worship, to maintain the relations of individuals with religious centers and to direct them to spiritual counseling services.

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PURPOSE: This research explores the views of probation specialists working with young offenders about their professional process, professional problems, and the evidence-based practice approach. METHOD: The qualitative method was used in the research and the phenomenology pattern forms the basis of the research. The data deciphered and conceptualized with descriptive analysis by the organizing and senior researcher. RESULTS: According to data from in-depth interviews, due to the dual structure of the probation system, which includes both execution and rehabilitation, professional staff experience role conflict. Professional problems such as excessive workload, inadequate physical conditions, not separating the job descriptions of probation specialists according to their fields of expertise, job dissatisfaction, and burnout are common. In addition, there are no scientific tools to measure the effectiveness of the intervention programs and monitoring process in the probation system. DISCUSSION: There is a need for developing the effectiveness of intervention programs in the probation system and an evidence-based intervention system. At the end of the article, some suggestions on effective social work practices in the probation system are presented from the perspective of evidence-based practice.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced changes in the behavior patterns of many population groups due to restrictive measures all over the world. In this study, qualitative research method based on a phenomenological approach was used to determine the changes in the sexual behavior of a group of LGBTQ+ people living in Turkey. The COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in changes in the sexual life of LGBTQ+s. It has been determined that feelings such as the need of emotional support, loneliness, devaluation and helplessness were experienced, and quarantine and curfew restrictions were effective on sexuality and sexual behaviors. In addition, it has been determined that LGBTQ+s have changed in the standards of determining partners during the pandemic process. The use of sex toys has increased, the sensitivity toward self-care and hygiene rules has increased, the tendency to have sexual fantasies has changed, the sexual behavior of people in their social environment has changed, and the disruptions in health services have posed negative effects. It is recommended to carry out studies focusing on the sexual behavior of LGBTQ+s and to develop counseling services regarding the sexual behaviors of LGBTQ+s and the situations that occur in their sexual lives.

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According to the literature, fear affects death anxiety, and there is a strong relationship between death anxiety and psychopathology. Using a cross-sectional design, the current study investigated the experiences of nurses (N = 250) working in health institutions in Turkey during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the correlation between fear and death anxiety. It was determined that nurses were exposed to many negative psychosocial changes during the pandemic. A moderate positive correlation was found between fear of COVID-19 and death anxiety scores. Initiatives to help control nurses' fear and death anxiety, a reasonable shift schedule, and provision of psychological counseling services are recommended. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(12), 39-48.].

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This study aims to examine the experiences of health workers in filiation teams in Turkey. The qualitative research model has been used. 375 health workers have participated using a non-probability sampling method. The data were collected over the internet using the questionnaire. The data have been analyzed with the MAXQDA and various code-sub codes-segment maps and code matrices have been used. The results expressed in two dimensions: instrumental and emotional areas. It has been observed that issues such as burnout, loss of motivation, and future anxiety have often been coded due to poor working conditions of the filiation teams, lack of rewards, and other factors. They have been determined as experiencing social stigma along with fear of infecting their families, and therefore have problems with child care, visiting adult family members in the risk group. It is recommended to develop psychosocial support services and improve organizational conditions.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the self-control of nursing students. METHODS: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October, 2017, at the Nursing Department of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, and comprised nursing students of either gender aged >18 years. Data was collected using a personal information form and the self-control scale, and was subsequently analysed. RESULTS: Of the 488 subjects, 411(84%) were females and 77(16%) were males. The overall mean age was 20.91±09 years. Mean self-control score was 22.5±19.51. Female students with regular attendance and without negative life experiences had significantly high self-control (p<0.05). Age, class, place of residence, academic grade-point average, smoking habit, economic status and family type showed no significant differences (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gender, absence from school, and negative life experiences significantly affected self-control of the nursing students.

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BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia deeply affects both the lives of patients and their families. The fact that schizophrenic patients in Turkey generally maintain their lives with their families may lead to serious problems for families and parents. AIMS: The main purposes of this research are to determine the physical, social, cognitive, emotional and spiritual lives of parents of children with schizophrenia with the main concepts of the empowerment approach. METHOD: The research was carried out with the qualitative research method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 parents in total, that is, 15 mothers and 15 fathers, through semi-structured interview form. Maxqda 2018 was used for the analysis of the research data. RESULTS: According to the research result, it is determined that the parents have problems due to physical, social, cognitive, emotional and spiritual disease process; gender perspective and roles; domestic functionality; social environment, social perception; and issues related to services. CONCLUSION: Considering the parents who are affected by the disease process which is a particularly quite difficult process and who affect the process, to recognize the situations that lead them to gain strength and that make them powerless in personal, interpersonal and political aspects, to activate the existing resources and to create new resources are highly important factors for them to cope with the disease process effectively.

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OBJECTIVE: Drunk driving is one of the major behavioral issues connected with problematic alcohol consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between personality traits and social problem-solving skills of individuals who drive while intoxicated. METHOD: One hundred forty-four individuals apprehended twice while driving drunk and sent to a driver behavior training program (9 females and 135 males) participated in our study. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated (EPQ-RA) composed of 4 subscales (Extroversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism, and Lying) and the Social Problem Solving Inventory (SPSI) composed of 7 subscales (Cognitive, Emotion, Behavior, Problem Definition and Formulation, Creating Solution Options, Solution Implementation and Verification, and Decision Making) were used to evaluate the participants. RESULTS: A positive relationship was found between the Extroversion subscale of the EPQ-RA and the Cognition subscale (P <.01), Emotion subscale (P <.01), Behavior subscale (P <.01), Generation of Alternatives subscale (P <.01), Decision Making subscale (P <.05), and Solution Implementation and Verification subscale (P <.01). For individuals who repeated intoxicated driving, all subscales of the EPQ-RA (Extroversion, Lying, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism subscales) explained 12% of the scores of the Cognition subscale and 16.2% (P <.001) of the Emotion subscale of the SPSI. There was no significant relationship between the first and second incident alcohol blood levels (P >.05). CONCLUSION: Drinking and driving behaviors appear to be negative or maladaptive behaviors closely related to personality traits and may represent an effort to avoid negative emotions. Evaluation of negative emotions may have an important place in training programs intended to change drunk driving behavior.

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards lesbian women and gay men. BACKGROUND: Nursing education in Turkey is conducted holistically; in other words, it is an integration of the physical, spiritual, mental and social realms. Students are therefore expected to not express any discrimination due to factors such as religion, language, race and gender. However, some serious problems still exist in terms of the practical applications of that philosophy. DESIGN: This study was descriptive. METHODS: This study included 964 students. The Attitudes towards Lesbian Women and Gay Men scale and a questionnaire were used to learn about the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students regarding gay men and lesbian women. RESULTS: Results of this study have indicated that the attitudes of religiously educated and/or conservative students towards lesbian women and gay men were negative. Female students from families with high incomes and highly educated families attended social activities and read more than other female students. The students with free life choice options expressed very positive attitudes towards gay men. CONCLUSION: The nursing education curriculum should cover information about patients with diverse sexual orientations and their absolute rights for equally optimal healthcare. Strategies to discourage traditional gender role stereotypes and educational and media experiences for better acceptance of sexual minorities need to be developed by educational policy makers. Antidiscrimination policies protecting lesbian women and gay men should be developed by the legislative authorities and then taught to students during their nursing education. Getting familiar with diverse sexual orientations might create awareness among nursing students and reduce their attitudinal and behavioural prejudices and biases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: To provide equal healthcare services for all patients, nurses must have accurate information about lesbian women, gay men and modify their attitude and behaviour accordingly.

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The conditions how people will spend their very last moments are an increasingly debated topic in Turkey. This study is planned to learn the opinions of Social Workers in Turkey on "Principles of a good death." The results of this study reveal that social workers in Turkey agree with principles of a good death in general. The degree of support for some specific principles changes by the sex and age of the participants. Despite the significant support given to principles by social workers, majority of them do not think that these principles are currently followed in medical and care institutions in Turkey.

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INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the level of bereavement and depression symptoms among elderly patients who experience the loss of a significant other and the relationship between depressive symptoms and bereavement symptoms. METHODS: The study sample consisted of elderly adults who lost a significant other at least 6 months prior to the submission time. Participants were recruited from patients who presented to either the psychiatry or family medicine outpatient unit of a Training and Research Hospital. Cognitive functions were assessed using Standardized Mini Mental Examinations for Educated and Uneducated People (SMME/SMME-U). Participants were excluded from the study if their SMME or SMME-U scores were lower than 23 points. To assess the severity of depressive and bereavement symptoms, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Core Bereavement Items (CBI) scales were used, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 33 out of 67 individuals (49.2%) who presented to the psychiatry unit and 7 out of the 43 individuals (16.3%) who presented to the family medicine unit were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). CBI scale score means were higher in the MDD groups than in the non-depressive groups (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). CBI scores were significantly correlated to acute (p=0.047) and chronic stress (p=0.007) in the psychiatry group and to chronic stress in the family medicine group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Probing loss experiences and reactions to them can be important to understand depression, to evaluate its symptoms, and to help manage the relevant symptoms. Considering the significant contributions of bereavement to depressive symptom severity in elders, interventions specific to bereavement symptoms should not be ignored.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: To examine the relationship between sociodemographic and pregnancy features and fetal health locus of control (FHLC) in a sample of pregnant Turkish women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 256 pregnant women. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and the FHLC Scale consisting of 3 components: 1) Internality Scale (FHLC-I), 2) Powerful Others Scale (FHLC-P), and 3) Chances Scale (FHLC-C). RESULTS: The age of marriage was found to have a positive relation with FHLC-I (r = 0.141) and a negative relation with FHLC-C (r = -0.145) (P < 0.05). The age of first pregnancy was found to have a positive relation with FHLC-I (r = 0.127). Those who have a low educational level (r = -0.258) and income (r = -0.149), who are unemployed (r = -2.839), whose number of pregnancies is high (r = 0.152), who get pregnant unplanned (r = 3.839), and who come to their first prenatal examination late (r = -0.142) have a significantly high score of FHLC-C (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: It may be helpful for better outcomes of prenatal care to identify pregnant women who believe that their behavior has little effect on the health of their fetus and that it is controlled by chance.

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This study was conducted in Ankara, Turkey. In the study, questionnaire form and Self-Control Schedule (SCS) was used. According to the t-test, statistically significant difference between self-control skill and "support of family members to each other" was found. Analysis showed that the occupational status and educational level had a significant effect on self-control skill. Besides, there is a positive relationship between average monthly income and self-control skill, while there is a negative correlation among number of hospitalizations, diagnosis period, and self-control skill. Our results may be a guide to develop more effective intervention strategies for tuberculosis management.

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Quality of life is a broad, complex, multidimensional concept incorporating psychological, sociopsychological, economic, philosophical, social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. As accompanying or even constituting the concept of quality life, social support (empathic, informational, instrumental, and reassurance support) has not been studied. This study sought to determine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, illness process, and type of social support on the quality of life levels of veterans hospitalized in a rehabilitation center. Seventy-nine veterans were involved in the study. None of the sociodemographic characteristics of the veterans correlated with the quality of life of the veterans except housing conditions. The perceived quality of life scores of the veterans who needed psychological help were lower than those of their counterparts (p < 0.01). The quality of life scores of the veterans were not different from those of the average Turkish population, but veterans who had not received any type of social support had lower quality of life scores (3.74 vs. 4.70). Veterans who had empathic, informational, and reassurance social support had higher quality of life scores than did those who did not have these types of social support. Having tangible social support did not change the quality of life scores. Our findings indicate that social support has a greater impact on the perceived quality of life than sociodemographic and medical factors among the veterans.

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