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PURPOSE: To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after an intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection. METHODS: Fifty eight eyes of 58 patients who underwent IVR injection due to age-related macular degeneration (wet form) or macular edema were included in this study. Patients' pre- and postoperative detailed ophthalmologic examinations were done and topographic keratometric values (K1, K2) were noted. Pre- and postoperative measurements were compared. RESULTS: The mean preoperative astigmatism of 0.87 Diopters (D) was found to be 0.95 D, 0.75 D, 0.82 D and 0.78 D on the 1st day, 3rd day, 1st week and 1st month, respectively. After injection, absolute change in astigmatism was found to be 0.08 D, 0.12 D, 0.05 D and 0.09 D on the 1st day, 3rd day, 1st week and 1st month, respectively. The absolute change in astigmatism seemed to be insignificant in terms of refractive analysis, however; when we performed a vectorial analysis, which takes into account changes in the axis of astigmatism, the mean value of induced astigmatism were found to be 0.33±0.22 D, 0.32±0.29 D, 0.41±0.37 D, 0.46±0.32 D on the 1st day, 3rd day, 1st week and on 1st month, respectively. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection is a minimally invasive ophthalmologic procedure, however; it may still cause statistically significant induced astigmatism when evaluated from a vectorial point of view.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of oral diazepam on blood pressure (BP) alterations in patients that underwent cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 147 patients that underwent phacoemulsification surgery under topical anesthesia, were reviewed retrospectively. The study took place in the Department of Ophthalmology, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Aydin, Turkey, between January 2011 and July 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: received 5 mg diazepam per oral one hour prior to surgery, and Group 2 (control group): none administered preoperatively. The BP readings of all patients were scanned through their files. Five readings were chosen for statistical analysis. The first reading was taken in the ophthalmology ward on the morning of the operation, the second was taken in the premedication room just before the surgery, 2 readings were taken intraoperatively and recorded as third and fourth values, and the fifth reading was recorded from those taken in the ophthalmology ward after surgery. RESULTS: Group 1 had a mean age of 62.17 +/- 10.01 years, while the Group 2 had a mean age of 64.31 +/- 10.88 years. There were no differences between the 2 groups by means of systolic and diastolic BP levels measured preoperatively in the ophthalmology ward. Intraoperative systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Elevated BP can undermine surgical outcomes; and may lead to unforeseen complications. To prevent the elevation of BP to risky levels in the intraoperative period, diazepam administration may be beneficial, even in normotensive patients.