RESUMEN
In this study, the mechanochemical synthesis of substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) containing zinc and silicon ions having a chemical formula of Ca10-xZnx(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x, where x = 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, was carried out. The synthesized materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. We found that HA co-substituted with zinc and silicate formed up to x = 1.0. At higher concentrations of the substituents, the formation of large amounts of an amorphous phase was observed. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the co-substituted HA was studied in vitro on Hek293 and MG-63 cell lines. The HA co-substituted with zinc and silicate demonstrated high biocompatibility; the lowest cytotoxicity was observed at x = 0.2. For this composition, good proliferation of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and an increased solubility compared with that of HA were detected. These properties allow us to recommend the synthesized material for medical applications, namely, for the restoration of bone tissue and manufacture of biodegradable implants.
RESUMEN
The most effective method of treating allergic diseases, aimed not at relieving symptoms, but at eliminating the cause of the disease, is allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). To reduce the risk of side effects and improve the delivery of allergens to the mucosa, various delivery systems, such as liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, etc., can be used. To date, there are data on the creation of delivery systems based on glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its derivatives, but such a delivery system has not been used for allergen-specific therapy until now. It is also known that GA has an anti-inflammatory effect, shifts the balance towards Th1, and increases the number of Treg cells, meaning that it could potentially enhance the anti-allergic effect of AIT and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. Thus, the study of the immunomodulatory effect of the supramolecular complexes (micelles) of GA with extracts of allergens holds promise for the development of new drugs for AIT.