RESUMEN
Litters are the most pollutants in progress of the interests in marine environments. Macro litter samples were collected from 66 stations to estimate litter contribution from pleasure crafts along bays of the most Turkish touristic coasts (Antalya-Mugla) by the divers in June/July 2019. Average abundance and weight were 19 items/km2 and 18 kg/km2, respectively. The most abundant litter was plastics and the most contributors in weight were metals, followed by glass/ceramics. Abundance of the litters increased with number of pleasure crafts in active in summer. Pleasure crafts contributed most abundantly with the personal wares to the total litter, particularly in the coasts of Mugla. Litters were differentiated with interaction of region × bottom depths. The litter composition and abundance were different between region of Antalya in active mostly by tour boats and region of Mugla by private yachts. The litter types were however correlated with sea surface temperature.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Residuos , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis , Mar Mediterráneo , Metales , Plásticos/análisis , Placer , TurquíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of different formulations containing Lysozyme and Lactoferrin and drug delivery system as well as poloxamer 407 with the trade name of Pluronic F-127 and/or freeze dried liposome containing DOTAP [freeze dried Liposomal DOTAP] on Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antibacterial effect was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the study and control groups on Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The amounts of biofilm formation accumulation of Mutans Streptococci for 24h on sterile hydroxyapatite discs after application of different formulations were evaluated. The different formulations studied were: (1) Sorensen's Buffer Solution, (2) a gel formulation containing only poloxamer 407, (3) Lysozyme and Lactoferrin dissolved in Sorensen's Buffer Solution, (4) poloxamer 407 combined with the third formulation, (5) Freeze dried Liposomal DOTAP dissolved in Sorensen's Buffer Solution, (6) Freeze dried Liposomal DOTAP combined with poloxamer 407 dispersed in Sorensen's Buffer Solution, (7) Freeze dried Liposomal DOTAP combined with the third formulation, and (8) Lysozyme and Lactoferrin dissolved in Sorensen's Buffer Solution, which was then incorporated into poloxamer 407 and combined with Freeze dried Liposomal DOTAP. The positive and negative control groups were 0.2% chlorhexidine gel and empty hydroxyapatite discs, respectively. Statistical evaluation was carried out with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: It was observed that the first, third and fifth groups did not have any antibacterial effects on the tested bacteria. The groups that contained poloxamer 407 had nearly identical antibacterial effects on Mutans Streptococci and L. acidophilus. These formulations also inhibited biofilm formation of the bacteria (p<0.05) more effectively. In the positive control group, there was no biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: Among the formulations containing poloxamer 407, the one containing Lysozyme and Lactoferrin exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria. This novel formulation can be beneficial as an antibacterial agent for the prevention of dental caries and biofilm formation.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/efectos de los fármacos , Lactoferrina/farmacología , Muramidasa/farmacología , Poloxámero/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus sobrinus/efectos de los fármacos , Liposomas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
CS gas (o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) is one of the most commonly used riot agents. It can create excessive tearing, conjunctivitis, uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm) and a sensation of burning and pain at initial exposure. Pulmonary edema (ARDS) and/or diffuse airway lesions on human would be lethal after CS inhalation. We report a case with acute laryngeal and bronchial obstruction due to vocal cord edema and extensive crusting at glottic level, trachea and bronchi. The CS gas was sprayed in a 6 x 6 m(2) closed room, and she was exposed to increased concentration of the gas for 10 s. Surprisingly, her initial symptoms were raised 21 days after CS spray exposure.
Asunto(s)
Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/inducido químicamente , Edema Laríngeo/inducido químicamente , Sustancias para Control de Disturbios Civiles/efectos adversos , o-Clorobencilidenomalonitrila/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Aguda , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/fisiopatología , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/terapia , Broncoscopía , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Edema Laríngeo/diagnóstico , Edema Laríngeo/terapia , Laringoscopía , Sustancias para Control de Disturbios Civiles/administración & dosificación , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Traqueostomía/métodos , o-Clorobencilidenomalonitrila/químicaRESUMEN
SETTING: Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. OBJECTIVE: To determine levels of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN: Between 1 January and 31 December 2005, all hospitalised PTB patients with culture-positive M. tuberculosis specimens and corresponding drug susceptibility tests (DST) for isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol, routinely performed for every tuberculosis (TB) case at our centre, were included. RESULTS: Of a total of 1513 cases, 1277 (84.4%) were new and 236 (15.6%) were previously treated cases. Of the 1513 isolates, 290 (19%) isolates were resistant to at least one of the drugs tested. Resistance among new and previously treated cases was respectively 16.3% (209 of 1277) and 34.3% (81/236). Any SM resistance and any INH resistance were the most common drug resistance in new cases, while any RMP resistance was the most common drug resistance in previously treated cases. Multidrug resistance was detected in 3.2% (n = 41) of new cases and in 13.5% (n = 32) of previously treated cases. CONCLUSION: Planning for TB control requires an assessment of the number and distribution of drug-resistant cases, with laboratories providing accurate and reliable results.