RESUMEN
This study continues the investigation of genetic variation in the populations of native and acclimatized in the Azov-Black Sea basin pilengas from the Sea of Japan. The previous comparison based on allozyme analysis was supplemented by analysis of restriction polymorphism of a mitochondrial DNA fragment containing the cytochrome b gene and the D-loop. Five out of fifteen endonucleases tested detected polymorphic sites. In the samples of native and acclimatized pilengas, five common haplotypes were found; ten and three "population-specific" haplotypes were detected in the Far Eastern and the Azov populations, respectively. The differences in haplotype distributions between these populations were highly significant (P < 0.001). The mtDNA variation was lower in the Azov than in the Far Eastern population (haplotype diversity mu respectively 6.35 +/- 0.27 and 9.14 +/- 0.55), which is in good agreement with the decrease in the number of polymorphic loci and the mean number of alleles per locus, found earlier for allozyme markers in this population. The reasons for these differences in the acclimatized population are discussed.
Asunto(s)
ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Variación Genética , Smegmamorpha/genética , Aclimatación , Animales , Citocromos b/genética , Haplotipos , Océanos y Mares , Smegmamorpha/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The introduction of Far Eastern mullet (pilengas) in the Azov Sea in the 1970s-1980s has resulted in the formation of a self-reproducing commercial population. We have carried out a comparative population-genetic analysis of the mullet from the native (Primorye, the Sea of Japan basin) and the new (The Azov Sea basin) ranges. Genetic characteristics of three Primorye and three Azov local samples were studied using electrophoretic analysis of 15 enzymes encoded by 21 gene loci. In the Azov mullet, the initial heterozygosity characteristic of the donor population was preserved while the genotype and the allele compositions changed; the changes included a 1.9-fold reduction in the percentage of polymorphic loci and 1.5-fold reduction in the mean number of alleles per locus. The genetic differences between the Azov and the Primorye sample groups were highly significant. In the native range, no genetic differentiation among the mullet samples from different areas was found (Gst = 0.42%), whereas in the Azov Sea basin, the samples from spatially isolated populations (ecological groups) exhibited genetic differences (Gst = 1.38). The genetic divergence of the subpopulations and the excess of heterozygotes at some loci in the Azov mullet suggest selection processes that formed genetically divergent groups associated with the areas of different salinity in the new range. The salinity level is assumed to be the most probable factor of local differentiating selection during fast adaptation and naturalization of the introduced mullet.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Genética de Población , Smegmamorpha/genética , Animales , HeterocigotoRESUMEN
The relative effectiveness of radical formation by different concentrations of hemoglobin, hemin and Fe2+ in the reaction with H2O2 evaluated by the intensity of chemiluminescence was studied. Hemoglobin was shown to be remarkably effective at the concentrations close to those in blood plasma. It is suggested that exoerythrocyte hemoglobin and the products of its destruction up to hemin are the most effective prooxidants and potential centers of radical formation in the blood.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Ferrosos , Hemo , Hemina , Hemoglobinas , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Hierro , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Hemo/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Correlation between a pro-oxidant activity of blood, estimated by means of chemoluminescence in the system H2O2-luminol-blood plasma, and individual sensitivity of rabbits to the effect of oxygen was studied. Alterations in the blood pro-oxidant activity, as shown by treatment of the blood sample with 0.7 MPa of oxygen in vitro, correlated distinctly with the period of convulsions as well as with viability of animals during acute hyperoxia.
Asunto(s)
Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Oxígeno/toxicidad , Animales , Ceruloplasmina/metabolismo , Femenino , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/sangre , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Conejos , Convulsiones/sangre , Convulsiones/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
The number and composition of ferro-containing proteins, the total number of iron, summary peroxidase activity and peptide-hydrolase activity have been determined under different hyperbaro-oxygenation (HBO) in blood serum. It has been established that under HBO the concentration of ferro-containing proteins increases, the fraction composition of serum and erythrocyte haemoglobin changes, the activity of acid peptide-hydrolases increases and the protamine-splitting peptide-hydrolase activity lowers. The administration of urea before HBO-experiments leads to the normalization of the most biochemical indicators of blood serum. The tests of oxygen intoxication depth assessment have been suggested.