RESUMEN

Magnetic resonance tomography was carried out in 355 patients with gynecologic tumors: cancer of the cervix uteri (n = 75), endometrial cancer (n = 75), ovarian tumors (n = 205, 102 with benign and 103 with malignant tumors). The diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examinations of biopsy specimens or intraoperative material in all the cases. To compare the efficacies of various diagnostic methods, ultrasonic examinations were carried out in all the 355 patients, and in 45 of them computer-aided tomography (in 15 patients with cancer of the cervix uteri, in 15 with endometrial cancer, and in 15 with ovarian cancer). Magnetic resonance tomography helped specify the diagnosis and degree of the process dissemination, chose an adequate method of treatment, monitor its course, and follow-up the patients after the treatment.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Blood CA125 carbohydrate antigen levels were measured in 131 patients with malignant, benign, and borderline ovarian diseases. Parallel measurements of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were carried out in 101 of them. The diagnosis with CA125 measurements was found highly sensitive (96%), specific (77%), and accurate (73%). For CEA these values were, respectively, 60, 64, and 24%. Since CEA levels in the blood of ovarian cancer patients are not high even in stages III-IV condition, correlation between CEA and CA125 levels avsent, and the method of CEA measurements inaccurate, we think it unadvisable using CEA as a separate marker in diagnostic investigations, more so in monitoring the efficacy of treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Sixty-three patients with malignant and benign tumors of soft tissues were examined making use of magnetic resonance computer-aided tomography (MRT). This method was found effective in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, permitting the detection of tumor connection with the adjacent structures. In some cases MRT helped differentiate between malignant and benign soft tissue tumor growth, e.g. liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, lipoma, desmoid, hematoma. MRT may be effectively used in the diagnosis of soft tissue formations.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Bengal rose stain labeled with short-lived 123I (123I-BR) was used in diagnostic examinations of the hepatobiliary system of 201 patients with various diseases. This agent was found superior in many respects to other hepatobiliary compounds. Due to an essential reduction of the radiation load of the critical organs use of higher activities of 123I-BR becomes possible (120 MBc and higher), this permitting an effective study of rapidly coursing hemodynamic processes. A single complex radionuclide examination permits obtaining complete information on the hepatobiliary system structure and function. The presence of hyperbilirubinemia is not a factor reducing the investigation efficacy.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Total-system radiotherapy in the form of subtotae irradiation of the body was administered to 43 primary patients with stages IIB-IVB Hodgkin's disease as the first stage of antitumor treatment as an alternative to chemotherapy. An immediate stable antitumor effect was observed manifasting by intoxication arrest, reduction of the lymph nodes in size and of specific infiltration in the lungs, as well as by decrease of red cell sedimentation rate. The mean duration of the course was 10.6 days with a 35.0 days interval till the next stage. Regularities in the time course of hematologic parameters over the course of subtotal irradiation and after it were followed up. Remote (5-year) results of treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease making use of subtotal irradiation of the body at the first stage of antitumor therapy compatible to those in controls were demonstrated for the first time.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The authors discuss possible approaches to optimization of magnetic resonance images in connection with ultralow fields with consideration for external and internal factors modifying the contrast. Of the internal factors the crucial role is played by protonic density and relaxation time of different tissues; the internal factors significant are magnetic induction, characteristics of the device and programs, radiofrequency sequence and its parameters, as well as use of special contrast agents. Practical measures whose use helps optimize a magnetic resonance image, that is, the choice of an adequate pulse sequence, a greater number of repetitions, a larger imaging field, a thicker section and its better orientation, are described. Standard schemes for obtaining MR images of various organs with due account of the before factors with an ultralow field tomographer have been developed.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

MR tomography examination of 51 patients with maxillofacial or cervical cancer provided adequate diagnostic information especially in the absence of bone involvement. The method proved efficient in differentiating tumors with inflammation, in tumor localization, evaluation of its size and spread, outline, structure, invasion. It is safe, noninvasive. For differential purposes the technique is most beneficial in impulse double echo mode with proton density and T2.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) was used in examinations of 172 patients with spinal cord abnormalities. Thirty-eight cysts were detected: 25 in syringomyelia, 5 in intramedullary tumors, 4 posttraumatic and 4 postoperational ones. Based on the MRT patterns, two types of syringomyelia were distinguished, the occlusive and idiopathic ones. The size and site of cyst, as shown by the MRT, did not conform to its neurologic symptoms. A characteristic feature of tumorous cysts was a highly intensive signal originating from their contents. Traumatic cysts were detected against the background of diffuse atrophy of the cord. Computer-aided tomography did not give full-value information in such cases and therefore could not be recommended in cases with suspected intramedullary cysts.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The concentration of CA 125 was defined in the blood serum of 151 patients with ovarian tumors: benign--49, borderline--5 and malignant--97. In 75.7% of benign tumors CA 125 concentrations did not exceed the normal level. In two from five patients with borderline tumors CA 125 concentration varied from 47 to 130 U/ml. High levels of CA 125 (from 125 to 10.000 U/ml and higher) were revealed in 54 from 57 patients (94.7%) with malignant ovarian tumors. If in Stages I and II elevated CA 125 levels (from 125 to 430 U/ml) were discovered in 71.4% and 80.0% of the cases, respectively, then in Stages III and IV CA 125 levels rose from 300 to 10.000 U/ml and higher in all cases. High CA 125 concentrations were noticed in 95.7% of patients with clinical signs of recurrences of the disease, and it was proved at "second-look" surgery. Thus, it was expedient to use CA 125 widely for an early detection of ovarian cancer, as a control on the efficiency of therapy and in diagnosis of subclinical recurrences of the disease.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Combination of roentgenography with direct image magnification and its analysis by medical iconics methods increase significantly possibility of age determination by teeth status (prediction accuracy by upper canine tooth is 99.8% +/- 0.81 year). Adaptive character of change in teeth density over the period of their functioning was detected. Integrative metric index--age metric index--is an objective criterion of age status of a tooth.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The paper is concerned with the description of potentialities of radiation methods (ultrasound B-scanning, computerized and MR-tomography) in combined diagnosis of intraocular tumors. Ultrasound investigation was performed in 62 patients, 42 of them were subjected to computerized tomography, 18--to MR-tomography. A leading role of ultrasound investigation was shown in the diagnosis of eyeball abnormalities and in the control of efficacy of eye tumor therapy. Ultrasound investigation plays a special role in abnormalities, accompanied by opacity of eye optic media. Computerized tomography is an adjuvant method of investigation to specify tumor spreading beyond the eyeball.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A total of 309 investigated cases was analyzed with the help of the Magnaview apparatus with field intensity of 0.04 T. The method included obtaining both T1- and T2-suspended tomograms in the sagittal and, if necessary, transverse planes. MRT was shown to be an effective method of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the compression syndrome of osteochondrosis, the effects of a "spinal" trauma, extra- and intramedullary tumors, metastatic vertebral involvement, postoperative changes, and syringomyelia.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The paper is concerned with physicotechnical and dosimetric support of technology of therapeutic whole-body irradiation on a serial gamma apparatus ROKUS, with which a majority of radiological institutions in the USSR are fit out. Technology consists of the following procedures: patient positioning with relation to a source with a horizontal axis of radiation. Correction of dose distribution by means of a three-element compensator taking into account patient's constitutional peculiarities and preradiation preparation data; double irradiation in the bilateral regimen in the supine position.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The authors proposed a method for the determination of differences in the rate of evacuation of 3 types of test breakfast: boiled semolina, boiled semolina with proteins or fat. Evacuatory function of the gastroduodenal system was investigated in healthy persons and in patients using a gamma-camera. The results obtained have shown that in a majority of healthy persons carbohydrate breakfast was evacuated at the highest rate, breakfast with egg protein was evacuated slower, and breakfast with butter was evacuated even much slower. In duodenal ulcer the rate of evacuation of all 3 types of breakfasts was slowed down, and evacuation was undifferentiated (all 3 types were evacuated at the same slow rate). In patients with liver cirrhosis the evacuation of carbohydrate and protein breakfasts was slow, in calculous cholecystitis these types of breakfasts differed slightly as a result of the slow evacuation of carbohydrate breakfast. The evacuation of breakfast with butter was inhibited almost to the same degree. These results indicate the complex nature of gastric content evacuatory disorders in gastroenterologic patients, and it should be taken into account in differential diagnosis and therapy.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Clinico-laboratory and radionuclide (radio-hepatography with 131I-rose bengal and liver scanning with 198Au colloid solution) investigation of liver function was performed in 110 patients with polycythemia vera during exacerbation, in 16 patients with symptomatic erythrocytosis (10--chronic pulmonary disease, 3--polycystic kidney, 2--obesity, 1--peptic ulcer), and in 11 patients with a polycythemic form of myelofibrosis. The results of the radionuclide method showed disturbed liver function in 51 (46.3%) patients with polycythemia, in 4 patients with myelofibrosis and in 3 with erythrocytosis which were characterized by a decrease in hepatocytic absorptive-excretory function and a decrease in the activity of the reticulo-histiocytic stroma. Liver changes depended on a stage of disease and were detected earlier than with the use of biochemical methods. As distinct from erythrocytes, one-type disorders were noted in the patients with myelofibrosis. Correlation in the lever of RP accumulation in the spleen, its sizes and stage of disease was established. Liver function returned to normal after cytostatic therapy in the patients with stage IIA polycythemia, partially IIB stage, during remission.

Asunto(s)