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Addressing disease remission and treatment adherence in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease, poses significant challenges due to underlying oxidative and inflammatory processes. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in IBD by optimizing drug bioactivity, reducing toxicity, and extending circulation time. Gold nanoparticles, known for their resistance to gastrointestinal pH and possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offer particular promise. They can be produced by green synthesis with seaweed Ericaria selaginoides (ES), itself associated with gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. In a murine model of Crohn's disease induced with 8% acetic acid, pretreatment with dexamethasone (0.2 mL/30 g) or Au@ES (25 and 50 mg/kg) effectively mitigated inflammatory features. Notably, ES (50 mg/kg) and Au@ES (50 mg/kg) administration resulted in significant reductions in both macroscopic and microscopic inflammation scores compared to the disease control group. Furthermore, these treatments normalized inflammatory cytokine expression while safeguarding myenteric plexus glial cells. They also impeded neutrophil activation, leading to reduced myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation, coupled with increased glutathione levels. In conclusion, ES and Au@ES exhibit potent efficacy in counteracting inflammation and oxidation processes in an experimental Crohn's disease model, suggesting their potential as alternative therapeutic strategies for IBD.

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Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene (PS) and/or a probiotic (PRO) may ameliorate the intestinal microbiota in disease conditions. This study aims to evaluate PS and PRO for the chemoprevention of putative precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC) in an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). Sixty male Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups: Sham, 1,2-DMH, 1,2-DMH + PS, 1,2-DMH + PRO, and 1,2-DMH + PS + PRO. PRO (5 × 107/mL) was offered in water, and PS (300 ppm) was provided in the diet ad libitum. 1,2-DMH (20 mg/kg/week) was administered for 15 consecutive weeks. In the 25th week, proctocolectomy was conducted. PRO alone and PRO combined with PS were the best intervention strategies to improve experimental 1,2-DMH-induced CRC regarding several parameters of carcinogenesis. Our findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive strategies for CRC and may help to identify novel modulators of colon carcinogenesis.

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This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of mango peel and pulp on oxidative damage in a naproxen-induced gastric injury rat model. The extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP methods), and the phenolic profile was investigated with UPLC-QToF-MSE . Gastric damage was evaluated in vivo by assessing the membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, and glutathione (GSH) content. Mango peel and pulp contained high contents of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics (69.50-5.287.70 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g), carotenoids (651.30-665.50 µg/100 g), and vitamin C (21.59-108.19 mg/100 g). UPLC-QToF-MSE analysis identified 17 phenol compounds, including gallotannins, glycosylated flavonoids, and xanthone. The hydroalcoholic extracts of mango peel and pulp (LPe and LPu, respectively) significantly reduced the MPO activity and MDA content. In addition to preventing naproxen-induced GSH decline, LPe (30 mg/kg) and LPu (10 mg/kg) restored its content to normal levels. LPe and LPu neutralized the oxidizing agents triggered by naproxen and reduced the severity of gastric lesions owing to their antioxidant properties.

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Studies involving foods associated with pain reversal and anti-inflammatory effects using zebrafish are rarely reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of graviola (Annona muricata L.) fruit bar (GFB) and GFB added with acerola (Malpighia glabra L) seed extract (ASE) on acute nociception and abdominal inflammation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute nociception was induced by formalin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, acidic saline, glutamate (cutaneous models), and hypertonic saline (corneal model), and inflammation was induced by carrageenan. Both GFB and ASE exhibited antinociceptive effect modulated by the nitrergic system, guanylate cyclase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and acid-sensing ion channels. The antinociceptive effect of GFB also appears to be modulated by the opioid system and glutamatergic receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor). Only ASE presented corneal antinociceptive effect. Both samples showed anti-inflammatory effect, being more significant the effect of GFB. The addition of acerola by-product extract in GFB results in a product with greater biological potential.

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BACKGROUND: Kaurenoic acid (KA), a diterpene extracted from copaíba oil-resin, is known to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. L-Arginine (LA) is an amino acid and a nitrogenous precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). NO paper in wound healing has already been well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of LA and KA against ischemia reperfusion injury in a randomized skin flap model in rats. METHODS: A modified McFarlane flap model measuring 2.5 wide × 8 cm long was established in 36 anesthetized rats and evaluated within 3 groups: group control, group L-arginine, and group kaurenoic acid. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (T1 and T2, n = 6 each). Samples were collected 24 h (T1)/48 h (T2) postoperatively for oxidative stress (glutathione), as non-protein thiols, malondialdehyde (MDA), NO2, inflammation [myeloperoxidase (MPO)], and cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß assays. RESULTS: KA promoted a significant decrease of TNF-α and IL-1 expression and MPO activity at T1/T2 time points. NSGH levels increased significantly in KA-treated rats, while MDA levels decreased significantly in the same rats. Arginine promoted a significant decrease in MDA levels at the T1 time point and a significant increase in non-protein thiols concentrations at T1/T2 time points. NO2 concentration also decreased at the T1 time point. CONCLUSIONS: KA may attenuate the oxidative stress and the inflammation, thereby reducing tissue damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats subjected to dorsal skin flaps. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.

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