RESUMEN

The realm of titanium coordination polymer research is still in its nascent stages and presents a formidable challenge in the field of coordination chemistry. In recent decades, the focus has predominantly been on manipulating titanium reactions in solution, resulting in the synthesis of ≈60 targeted compounds. Despite the limited number of documented instances, these materials showcase a diverse array of structures, encompassing 1D chains, 2D layers, and 3D frameworks. This suggests potential for fine-tuning coordination modes and structural features in future investigations. Moreover, titanium coordination polymers not only exhibit photo-active and photo-responsive properties but also hold promise for various other significant applications. This article offers an exhaustive review tracing the evolution of titanium coordination polymer development while providing an update on recent advancements. The review encompasses a synopsis of reported synthetic strategies, methodologies, structural diversity, and associated applications. Additionally, it delves into critical issues that necessitate attention for future progressions and proposes potential avenues to effectively propel this research field forward at an accelerated pace.

RESUMEN

A transition-metal-free and efficient S-O/S-N bond interconversion reaction has been developed. The protocol facilitates an efficient synthesis of N-sulfinyl sulfoximines by reacting sulfoximido-substituted sulfonium salts with a wide range of sodium sulfinates, featuring broad substrate scope, including a plethora of heterocyclic and fluoroalkyl substrates, high functional group tolerance, and mild conditions.

RESUMEN

In this paper, a fluorescent probe (QFR) for the detective work of 4-methylthiophenol was successfully synthesized with a simple but highly effective probe structure. In the buffer solution (V(ACN): V(PBS) = 3:7), by observing the response of the probe after the fluorescence was turned on, we concluded that the probe had good characteristics such as high selectivity, low detection limit (116 nM), and fast response speed (20 min). In addition, the probe was a rare fluorescent probe that detected 4-methylthiophenol but did not respond to thiophenol. Fluorescence intensity was linearly related to 4-methylthiophenol concentration in the range of 0 to 2 equivalents (0-10 µM). The probe demonstrated good results in the determination of the recovery rate (92.28% to 110.1%) of actual water samples, and has great potential in environmental monitoring.

Asunto(s)

Colorantes Fluorescentes , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agua

RESUMEN

Though a number of on-off or off-on fluorescent probes have been developed for the detection of thiophenol by using its unique recognition groups, such as 2, 4-dinitrophenyl ether, 2, 4-dinitrophenyl sulfonamide, and 2, 4-dinitrophenyl sulfonate, up to now, there are few probes that can detect thiophenol by the proportional fluorescence signal. We developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe with coumarin pyridine derivative as fluorophore and 2, 4-dinitrophenyl ether moiety as the sensing unit which could be used to detect thiophenol derivatives by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. This probe (CPBPN) displayed significant change in fluorescence ratio (256 fold) to result in a more reliable analysis by self-calibration and a relatively low detection limit of 24 nM toward 4-methylthiophenol (MTP) within 30 min to achieve more sensitivity. Besides, the probe was also applied to detect the presence of thiophenol derivatives in actual water samples and fluorescence imaging in living cells. The present work is of great importance for monitoring environmental pollutants and studying their biological function.

Asunto(s)

Colorantes Fluorescentes , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo , Imagen Óptica , Fenoles/análisis , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/análisis

RESUMEN

Perfect vortex beam (PVB), whose ring radius is independent of its topological charge, play an important role in optical trapping and optical communication. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the reconfigurable double-ring PVB (DR-PVB) generation with independent manipulations of the amplitude, the radius, the width, and the topological charge for each ring. Based on complex amplitude modulation (CAM) with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM), we successfully verify the proposed DR-PVB generation scheme via the computer-generated hologram. Furthermore, we carry out a quantitative characterization for the generated DR-PVB, in terms of both the generation quality and the generation efficiency. The correlation coefficients of various reconfigurable DR-PVBs are above 0.8, together with the highest generation efficiency of 44%. We believe that, the proposed generation scheme of reconfigurable DR-PVB is desired for applications in both optical tweezers and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing.

RESUMEN

This work presented a benzothiazole-based fluorescent probe for the detection of benzenethiol derivatives using 2, 4-dinitrobenzene moiety as a sensing unit. This probe (NCABT) was able to instantaneously respond to 4-methylbenzenethiol (MTP) within 5 min. In detecting MTP, this probe displayed a low limit of detection (49 nM). Furthermore, the probe has been proved to have the potential to detect benzenethiol derivatives with electron-donating group in real water samples.

Asunto(s)

Colorantes Fluorescentes , Fenoles , Límite de Detección , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo

RESUMEN

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women all over the world and its chemotherapy outcome is restricted by multidrug resistance. Here, a nanostructure by functional larotaxel liposomes decorated with guanine-rich quadruplex nucleotide-lipid derivative for treatment of resistant breast cancer is developed. The studies are performed on the resistant breast cancer cells and the cancer-bearing mice. The nucleotide-lipid derivative (DSPE-PEG2000 -C6 -GT28nt) is synthesized by introducing a hydrophobic hexyl linkage between GT-28nt (containing 17 guanines and 11 thymidines) and DSPE-PEG2000 -NHS, and is incorporated on the functional larotaxel liposomes for specific binding with nucleolin receptor on the resistant cancer cells. The studies demonstrate that the liposomes had long circulatory effect, targeted capability, and significant anticancer efficacy in resistant cancer-bearing mice. The studies further reveal their action mechanism, consisting of blocking depolymerization of microtubules, arresting cell cycle, blocking JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and inhibiting activity of antiapoptotic proteins. In conclusion, the functional larotaxel liposomes can be used for effective treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer, and this study also offers a novel targeted nanomedicine based on nucleotide-lipid derivative.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de la Mama , Nanoestructuras , Animales , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Guanina , Nucleótidos de Guanina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Liposomas , Ratones , Taxoides

Asunto(s)

Infertilidad Masculina/tratamiento farmacológico , Lignanos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Policíclicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ciclooctanos/aislamiento & purificación , Ciclooctanos/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Lignanos/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Compuestos Policíclicos/aislamiento & purificación , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo

RESUMEN

In this study, nitritation-denitrification SBR was successfully begun within 5 days by maintaining a proper condition (pH > 8, DO 0.1-0.5 mg/L and 29.5 ± 0.5°C) and transient excessive aeration would not cause N-NO3 - accumulation. In the start-up stage, FA had an upward trend and reached to 10.98 mg NH3/L, which could entirely inhibit NOB. On the basis of experimental evidence, DO and ORP showed regular trends of variation and the first derivatives of DO and ORP as process control parameters in a nitritation-denitrification SBR was proposed. During the real-time control period, N-NH4 + in the outlet was less than 2 mg N-NH4 +/L and N-NH4 + removal efficiency was 97%, with nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) reaching 98%. After algorithm optimization by using 'Slope', the first derivatives of DO and ORP curves became smooth and interference signals were eliminated. Pre-aeration could promote nitritation rate from 23.76 mg/L/h to 26.27 mg/L/h and increase the transformation rate of N-NH4 + to N-NO2 - from 48.% to 79.6%. The 16S rDNA analysis showed that real-time control could cause a significant difference in microbial community. Nitrosomonas was the dominant strain in AOB and its relative abundance increased from 0.13% to 0.786%. Nitrospira was inhibited and washed out in nitritation-denitrification sludge.

Asunto(s)

Reactores Biológicos , Desnitrificación , Nitritos , Nitrógeno , Aguas del Alcantarillado

RESUMEN

Natural exosomes can express specific proteins and carbohydrate molecules on the surface and hence have demonstrated the great potentials for gene therapy of cancer. However, the use of natural exosomes is restricted by their low transfection efficiency. Here, we report a novel targeting tLyp-1 exosome by gene recombinant engineering for delivery of siRNA to cancer and cancer stem cells. To reach such a purpose, the engineered tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmids were constructed and amplified in Escherichia coli. The tLyp-1-lamp2b plasmids were further used to transfect HEK293T tool cells and the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes were isolated from secretion of the transfected HEK293T cells. Afterwards, the artificially synthesized siRNA was encapsulated into targeting tLyp-1 exosomes by electroporation technology. Finally, the targeting siRNA tLyp-1 exosomes were used to transfect cancer or cancer stem cells. Results showed that the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes had a nanosized structure (approximately 100 nm) and high transfection efficiency into lung cancer and cancer stem cells. The function verifications demonstrated that the targeting siRNA tLyp-1 exosomes were able to knock-down the target gene of cancer cells and to reduce the stemness of cancer stem cells. In conclusion, the targeting tLyp-1 exosomes are successfully engineered, and can be used for gene therapy with a high transfection efficiency. Therefore, the engineered targeting tLyp-1 exosomes offer a promising gene delivery platform for future cancer therapy.

RESUMEN

Antigen peptides and adjuvants have been extensively investigated for cancer immunotherapy, and they are expected to elicit specific immune responses for cancer treatment. However, the anti-cancer efficacy of antigen peptide and adjuvant-based cancer vaccines has been limited due to the inefficient delivery to draining lymph nodes after administration. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a suitable delivery system to transport antigen peptides and adjuvants. Here, we report a novel type of nanostructured lipovaccines for the treatment of melanoma by delivering antigen peptide (SL9) and oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant (CpG) to the lymphatic vessels and to the draining lymph node. The SL9-CpG lipovaccines were characterized using dynamic laser scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lymph uptake, immune response elicitation and treatment effects were evaluated on melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice using flow cytometry (FCM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tumor inhibitory efficacy. The SL9-CpG lipovaccines were uniform with a nanoscale size (~70 nm), had high encapsulation efficiency, and exhibited effective lymph uptake, resulting in activation of specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and release of IFN-γ, and a robust inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, the nanostructured SL9-CpG lipovaccines offer a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.

Asunto(s)

Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Inmunomodulación , Melanoma/inmunología , Melanoma/terapia , Péptidos/inmunología , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Glicina/química , Glicina/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Melanoma/metabolismo , Ratones , Péptidos/química , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

RESUMEN

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been characterized as a very heterogeneous subtype, and is more invasive and non-expressing of the genes for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu, with poor prognosis, and hence the efficacy of regular chemotherapy is very limited. Here, we report a kind of double strand RNA (dsRNA) mPEI nanoparticle for treatment of invasive TNBC. The studies were performed on TNBC cells in vitro and in TNBC cancer-bearing mice. The results showed that dsRNA mPEI nanoparticles were able to effectively transfect cells, and demonstrated a strong capability in knocking-down the Fra-1 gene and down-stream MMP-1 and MMP-9 genes in TNBC cells and TNBC cancer-bearing mice, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration of cells. After intratumoral injection, dsRNA mPEI nanoparticles exhibited a robust anticancer efficacy in TNBC cancer-bearing mice, and the anticancer efficacy was superior to that of paclitaxel. In conclusion, dsRNA mPEI nanoparticles are able to effectively treat aggressive TNBC, and the mechanism studies reveal that they take effect by knocking-down Fra-1 relevant genes, hence interfering in transcription and translation of the genes, which are necessary for growth and metastasis of TNBC. Therefore, the present study offers a new and promising formulation and strategy for effective treatment of TNBC.

RESUMEN

A metal-free iodine-catalyzed intramolecular amination has been developed for the practical synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles from readily available tryptophan esters. The transformation has been applied to a wide array of substrates and can be performed on gram scale under very mild conditions.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the short-term efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (MR-DWI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Total abdominal irradiation was performed for 61 PFTC patients after surgery, and paclitaxel and carboplatin were used for CCRT. According to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST1.1), patients were divided into a sensitive (n = 36) and a resistant group (n = 25). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the correlations of tumor regression rate with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)pre, ADCpost, and ∆ADCpost. The efficacy of CCRT in PFTC using MR-DWI was evaluated by ROC curve, logistic regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and Cox regression model. RESULTS: The ADCpre in both the sensitive and the resistant group was negatively associated with the tumor regression rate (r = -0.508), while the ADCpost (r = 0.454) and ∆ADCpost (r = 0.769) were positively associated with the tumor regression rate (all p < 0.05). Histopathological type, FIGO stage, lymphatic metastasis, tumor regression rate, ADCpre, ADCpost, and ∆ADCpost were confirmed as key factors for CCRT in PFTC (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study demonstrates the predictive value of MR-DWI in CCRT for PFTC patients.

Asunto(s)

Quimioradioterapia/métodos , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Monitoreo de Drogas/métodos , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/terapia , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

Cochlear noise injury is the second most frequent cause of sensorineural hearing loss, after aging. Because calcium dysregulation is a widely recognized contributor to noise injury, we examined the potential of calcium channel blockers to reduce noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in mice. We focused on two T-type calcium blockers, trimethadione and ethosuximide, which are anti-epileptics approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Young C57BL/6 mice of either gender were divided into three groups: a 'prevention' group receiving the blocker via drinking water before noise exposure; a 'treatment' group receiving the blocker via drinking water after noise exposure; and controls receiving noise alone. Trimethadione significantly reduced NIHL when applied before noise exposure, as determined by auditory brainstem recording. Both ethosuximide and trimethadione were effective in reducing NIHL when applied after noise exposure. Results were influenced by gender, with males generally receiving greater benefit than females. Quantitation of hair cell and neuronal density suggested that preservation of outer hair cells could account for the observed protection. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR suggested that this protection involves direct action of T-type blockers on alpha1 subunits comprising one or more Ca(v)3 calcium channel types in the cochlea. Our findings provide a basis for clinical studies testing T-type calcium blockers both to prevent and treat NIHL.

Asunto(s)

Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/farmacología , Etosuximida/farmacología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/tratamiento farmacológico , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/prevención & control , Trimetadiona/farmacología , Animales , Umbral Auditivo/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Bases , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Canales de Calcio Tipo T/efectos de los fármacos , Canales de Calcio Tipo T/genética , Canales de Calcio Tipo T/metabolismo , Cóclea/efectos de los fármacos , Cóclea/metabolismo , Cóclea/patología , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Etosuximida/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/genética , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Caracteres Sexuales , Trimetadiona/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a major health concern for the elderly. Loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory relay of the auditory system, is associated consistently with presbycusis. The causative molecular events responsible for age-related loss of SGNs are unknown. Recent reports directly link age-related neuronal loss in cerebral cortex with the loss of high-affinity nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In cochlea, cholinergic synapses are made by olivocochlear efferent fibers on the outer hair cells that express alpha9 nAChR subunits and on the peripheral projections of SGNs that express alpha2, alpha4-7, and beta2-3 nAChR subunits. A significantly decreased expression of the beta2 nAChR subunit in SGNs was found specifically in mice susceptible to presbycusis. Furthermore, mice lacking the beta2 nAChR subunit (beta2-/-), but not mice lacking the alpha5 nAChR subunit (alpha5-/-), have dramatic hearing loss and significant reduction in the number of SGNs. Our findings clearly established a requirement for beta2 nAChR subunit in the maintenance of SGNs during aging.

Asunto(s)

Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Receptores Nicotínicos/fisiología , Ganglio Espiral de la Cóclea/citología , Estimulación Acústica/métodos , Factores de Edad , Animales , Northern Blotting/métodos , Western Blotting/métodos , Cadherinas/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefálico/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Mutantes , Presbiacusia/genética , Presbiacusia/metabolismo , Presbiacusia/fisiopatología , Subunidades de Proteína/deficiencia , Subunidades de Proteína/genética , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores Nicotínicos/deficiencia , Receptores Nicotínicos/genética , Receptores Nicotínicos/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos