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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral problems, harmful oral habits, and sociodemographic factors are associated with the occurrence of stress in schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study nested within a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 375 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group (with childhood stress) and control group (without childhood stress) were matched for age and sex at a 1:4 ratio (75 cases to 300 controls). Data collection involved the self-administration of a questionnaire by parents/caregivers addressing sociodemographic characteristics and the child's history of harmful oral habits. The children answered the Child Stress Scale (CSS) and underwent a clinical oral examination to determine the presence/absence of dental caries, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injuries. Data analysis involved the calculation of frequencies, the chi-square test, and conditional logistic regression (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The final adjusted conditional logistic regression model showed that dental caries (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01 - 3.14, p = 0.044) and biting objects (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.22, p = 0.041) remained associated with stress in the schoolchildren analysed. CONCLUSION: The present results showed that children with dental caries and the habit of biting objects were more likely to have childhood stress. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study allows paediatric dentists to expand their knowledge with regards to the influence of oral problems and harmful habits on the occurrence of childhood stress and serves as a guide for decision-making related to oral problems in schoolchildren.

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Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior da Paraíba acerca da avulsão dentária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual 64 acadêmicos responderam um formulário com perguntas objetivas relativas a dados sociodemográficos, período de formação do curso e conhecimento e condutas em casos de avulsão dentária. Foi realizada análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados (SPSS, v. 20.0). Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos recebeu informações sobre avulsão dentária em aulas ministradas no curso (86%) e indicaria a irrigação com soro fisiológico seguida de reimplante quando da ocorrência do trauma há menos de uma hora (64,1%) e há mais de uma hora (43,8%). O tratamento endodôntico foi indicado, independentemente do tempo do dente fora do alvéolo, por 34,4% da amostra. A contenção rígida foi a mais indicada para o dente reimplantado (48,4%) e seu tempo mínimo de proservação radiográfica respondido pela maioria dos pesquisados foi de 6 meses (48,4%). Conclusões: apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos ter recebido informações acerca da temática, o conhecimento foi considerado insuficiente em relação a condutas referentes ao reimplante dentário, indicação do tratamento endodôntico, tipo de contenção e tempo de proservação.

Objective: to verify the knowledge of dental students from a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba about dental avulsion. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 64 students answered a form with objective questions regarding sociodemographic data, course period, knowledge and conduct in cases of tooth avulsion. Descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data was performed (SPSS, v. 20.0). Results: most students received information about dental avulsion during the graduation classes (86%) and would indicate irrigation with saline solution followed by reimplantation when the trauma occurred less than one hour (64.1%) and more than one hour (43.8%). Endodontic treatment was indicated, regardless of the time the tooth was out of the dental socket, according 34.4% of the sample. Rigid retention was the most indicated for the reimplanted tooth (48.4%) and six months was the minimum radiographic follow-up time answered by most students (48.4%). Conclusions: although most students have received information about the topic, the knowledge was considered insufficient in relation to some aspects of the protocols recommended for emergency care for dental avulsion, with emphasis on behaviors related to dental reimplantation, indication of endodontic treatment, type of containment and follow-up.

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O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre facetas de desgaste por atrição e má oclusão em escolares brasileiros. Este estudo transversal realizado com 433 escolares de 8 a 10 anos, junto a seus pais/responsáveis, das redes pública e privada na cidade de Diamantina. Informações sobre sociodemográfico da família da criança e saúde geral da criança foram colhidos a partir de um questionário previamente estruturado, direcionado aos pais/cuidadores. Foram realizados exame intrabucal em cada criança para avalição da presença de facetas de desgaste por atrição, perda de tecido dentário por erosão, ausência/presença de má oclusão e traumatismo dentário. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir da análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados e analise de Regressão de Poisson (IC 95%; p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de crianças com facetas de desgaste de 73,7%, a sobressaliência anterior superior (RP= 1,16; IC: 95%; 1,03-1,31; p= 0,014) e a relação molar (RP=1,15; IC 95%: 1,00­1,29; p=0,030) associadas a presença de facetas de desgastes por atrição, e o apinhamento dentário (RP: 0,87; IC: 95%; 0,78-0,98; P= 0,023) um fator de proteção para a facetas de desgaste em escolares, independentemente do sexo e idade da criança. Os resultados do presente mostraram que a alta prevalência de facetas de desgaste, sendo a sobressaliência anterior superior e a relação molar associadas a presença desse desgaste dentário. Dessa forma, os dados sinalizam a necessidade dos cirurgiões-dentistas estarem atentos a presença de desgaste fora dos padrões fisiológicos e relacionados a presença de má-oclusão.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between attrition wear facets and malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 433 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years, along with their parents/guardians, from public and private schools in the city of Diamantina. Information about the child's family sociodemographic and general health was collected from a previously structured questionnaire, directed to parents/caregivers. Intraoral examinations were performed on each child to assess the presence of attrition wear facets, loss of dental tissue by erosion, absence/presence of malocclusion and dental trauma. The results were obtained from the descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data and Poisson Regression analysis (95% CI; p<0.05). The results showed a prevalence of 73.7% of children with wear facets, superior anterior overjet (PR= 1.16; CI: 95%; 1.03-1.31; p= 0.014) and molar relationship ( PR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.00­1.29; p=0.030) associated with the presence of attrition wear facets, and dental crowding (PR: 0.87; CI: 95%; 0. 78-0.98; P= 0.023) a protective factor for wear facets in schoolchildren, regardless of gender and age of the child. The present results showed that the high prevalence of wear facets, with superior anterior overjet and molar relationship associated with the presence of this tooth wear. Thus, the data indicate the need for dentists to be aware of the presence of wear outside of physiological standards and related to the presence of malocclusion.

objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las facetas del desgaste por atracción y la pobre oclusión en las escuelas brasileñas. Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo con 433 escuelas de 8 a 10 años de edad, con sus padres/directores, en redes públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Diamantina. La información sobre la sociodemografía familiar del niño y la salud general del niño se recopiló a partir de un cuestionario preestructurado dirigido a los padres y cuidadores. En cada niño se realizó un examen intraabucal para evaluar la presencia de rasgos de desgaste, pérdida de tejido dental por erosión, ausencia/presencia de maloclusión y trauma dental. Los resultados se obtuvieron a partir del análisis descriptivo de la frecuencia absoluta y relativa de los datos y análisis de la regresión de Poisson (IC 95%; p<0,05). Los resultados mostraron una prevalencia de niños con facetas de desgaste del 73,7%, sobresaliencia anterior superior (RP= 1,16; IC del 95%; IC del 1,03-1,31; p= 0,014) y relación molar (RP=1,15; IC del 95%: 1,00-1,29; p=0 030) asociada a la presencia de facetas de fragancia por atracción, y de plomería dental (RP: 0,87; IC: 95%; 0,78-0,98; P= 0,023), un factor de protección para las facetas de desgaste en las escuelas, independientemente del género y la edad del niño. Los resultados de la presente muestra que la alta prevalencia de las facetas desgaste, con la proyección de legado superior y la relación molar asociada con la presencia de este desgaste dental. Así pues, los datos indican la necesidad de que los cirujanos dentales estén alerta ante la presencia de desgaste y desgaste fuera de las normas fisiológicas y relacionados con la presencia de maloclusión.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18-2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36-2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04-3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02-1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.

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An inadequate level of oral health literacy (OHL) can hinder the understanding of dental information, which can have a negative impact on health promotion actions, such as the rational use of fluoride. The aims of the present study were (1) to look for association between parents/guardians' OHL and the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; (2) to compare the effect of different modes of educational interventions on the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; and (3) to assess the ability of parents/guardians to choose a toothpaste with adequate fluoride concentration, after the educational intervention. A randomized intervention study was conducted with parents/guardians of children from zero to four years of age (n = 145). The participants answered the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. The participants were allocated to four intervention groups based on type of counseling (written, oral, written + photograph, and oral + photograph), with randomization stratified by level of OHL. The participants were instructed to place the adequate amount of toothpaste on a toothbrush for children from zero to four years of age (smear of 0.125 mg) before and after the intervention. The correct choice of toothpaste was also evaluated by the interpretation of the labels of four toothpastes of different brands and with different concentrations of fluoride. Associations between variables were tested using the Student's t test and one-way ANOVA. Level of OHL was associated with the amount of fluoride toothpaste deposited prior to the educational intervention (p = 0.021) and the percentage of approximation to the appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05). The choice of toothpaste was associated with schooling (p = 0.031). In conclusion, parents/guardians with adequate OHL better quantified fluoride toothpaste before and after the educational intervention and also came closer to the appropriate amount of toothpaste after the educational intervention. No significant differences in the final amount of toothpaste placed on the toothbrush were found among the intervention groups. The choice of the correct toothpaste was associated with a higher level of schooling.

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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18-2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36-2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04-3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02-1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of oral health-related shame and the associated factors among 8-to-10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 children randomly selected from public and private schools of Diamantina, southeastern Brazil. In order to identify the feeling of shame, self-reports were collected through a single question, "In the last month, did you feel ashamed because of your teeth or mouth? Two calibrated examiners performed the clinical examination for dental caries (DMFT/dmft index), traumatic dental injuries (O' Brien), and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Sociodemographic indicators were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the children's caregivers. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (95%CI; p < 0.05). The prevalence of shame was 38.1% (n = 148). The adjusted regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between shame and untreated dental caries (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.04-1.74; p = 0.02), age of 10 years (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76; p = 0.01), and with parents with less than eight years of schooling (PR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.00-1.68; p = 0.04). Older children with untreated dental caries and whose parents had lower education level presented a higher prevalence of oral health-related shame.

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Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior da Paraíba acerca da avulsão dentária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual 64 acadêmicos responderam um formulário com perguntas objetivas relativas a dados sociodemográficos, período de formação do curso e conhecimento e condutas em casos de avulsão dentária. Foi realizada análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados (SPSS, v. 20.0). Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos recebeu informações sobre avulsão dentária em aulas ministradas no curso (86%) e indicaria a irrigação com soro fisiológico seguida de reimplante quando da ocorrência do trauma há menos de uma hora (64,1%) e há mais de uma hora (43,8%). O tratamento endodôntico foi indicado, independentemente do tempo do dente fora do alvéolo, por 34,4% da amostra. A contenção rígida foi a mais indicada para o dente reimplantado (48,4%) e seu tempo mínimo de proservação radiográfica respondido pela maioria dos pesquisados foi de 6 meses (48,4%). Conclusões: apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos ter recebido informações acerca da temática, o conhecimento foi considerado insuficiente em relação a condutas referentes ao reimplante dentário, indicação do tratamento endodôntico, tipo de contenção e tempo de proservação.(AU)

Objective: to verify the knowledge of dental students from a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba about dental avulsion. Methods: a cross- -sectional study was carried out, in which 64 students answered a form with objective questions regarding sociodemographic data, course period, knowledge and conduct in cases of tooth avulsion. Descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data was performed (SPSS, v. 20.0). Results: most students received information about dental avulsion during the graduation classes (86%) and would indicate irrigation with saline solution followed by reimplantation when the trauma occurred less than one hour (64.1%) and more than one hour (43.8%). Endodontic treatment was indicated, regardless of the time the tooth was out of the dental socket, according 34.4% of the sample. Rigid retention was the most indicated for the reimplanted tooth (48.4%) and six months was the minimum radiographic follow-up time answered by most students (48.4%). Conclusions: although most students have received information about the topic, the knowledge was considered insufficient in relation to some aspects of the protocols recommended for emergency care for dental avulsion, with emphasis on behaviors related to dental reimplantation, indication of endodontic treatment, type of containment and follow-up.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors in schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with a representative sample of 320 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years. The case group (160 children with PSB) and the control group (160 children without PSB) were matched for sex and age at a proportion of 1:1. Information on audible characteristics of PSB, harmful oral habits, and socio-demographic characteristics as collected through questionnaires answered by the parents/caregivers. The family functioning of children was measured through The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III). Mothers self-administered the Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI) for adults to measure mothers' stress and the children filled out the Child Stress Scale (CSS) to measure the children stress. Data analysis used descriptive and logistic regression analyses (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the children with stress, 67.3% had PSB. Children with stress (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.18-4.19), those with a history of nail biting (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.39-3.55), and biting objects (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.09-2.87) were more likely to have PSB. CONCLUSION: Childhood stress and a history of nail biting or biting objects are important signs to be considered in schoolchildren with PBS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results alert that the PBS might be a sign of stress and other psychological problems such as tension and anxiety related to the presence of harmful oral habits. Furthermore, the results could help in the targeting of anamnesis, improved prevention and treatment strategies for sleep bruxism which should involve an interdisciplinary approach.

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Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: -0.78 [-1.09; -0.48]; I2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: -0.50 [-0.93; -0.08]; I2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.

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Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos praticantes de artes marciais da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, sobre avulsão dentária e como proceder mediante aos cuidados imediatos frente à ocorrência de avulsão dentária.Métodos: Um estudo transversal de carácter exploratório foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 60 praticantes de artes marciais. As informações sobre avulsão dentária, experiências e condutas emergenciais frente a avulsão dentária e uso de protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção foram coletadas através de um questionário autoaplicado. As análises dos dados envolveram estatísticas descritivas de frequência absoluta e relativa de todas as variáveis do estudo. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 26,88 anos (DP ± 5,06), sendo 73,3% (n = 44) pertencentes ao sexo masculino. Do total de praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados, 48% praticavam Muay Thai e 18% Taekwondo. O estudo mostrou que apesar de 61,7% do total de entrevistados terem relatado saber o que era traumatismo dentário e 23,3% destes terem presenciado algum tipo de trauma dentário, 85,0% relataram não saber como proceder mediante os casos de avulsão. Entretanto, 95,0% consideraram esta informação como necessária para a prática de esportes. A maioria dos indivíduos praticantes de artes marciais (63,3%) relatou utilizar protetores bucais. Conclusão: A maioria dos praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados relatou saber o que o era traumatismo dentário, mas desconheciam como proceder diante dos casos de avulsão. A maioria dos entrevistados reconhecem a importância e afirmaram utilizar protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção individual durante as práticas desportivas. (AU)

Aim:The present study sought to evaluate the level of knowledge of martial arts practitioners in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, against dental avulsion and how to proceed through immediate care in the event of dental avulsion. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 60 martial arts practitioners. Information on dental avulsion, experiences, and emergency behaviors against dental avulsion, as well as the use of mouth guards and protective equipment, were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative frequency of all variables in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.88 years (SD ± 5.06), of which 73.3% (n = 44) were males. Of the total number of martial arts practitioners, 48% practiced Muay Thai and 18% Taekwondo. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents said they had knowledge about what dental trauma was, although only 23.3% had witnessed some type of dental trauma. In addition, 85.0% have never received guidance on how to proceed in cases of avulsion, but 95.0% consider this information to be necessary for the practice of sports. The majority of the individuals who practice martial arts (63.3%) use mouth guards. Conclusion: It was concluded that most of the martial arts practitioners interviewed in the present study do not have knowledge about dental avulsion and about the necessary immediate procedures in the event of dental avulsion. However, most of participants use mouth guards, wear personal protective equipment, and recognize the importance of these during sports practices. (AU)

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AIM: To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P < 0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of PSB was 40.0% (n = 176). The final Poisson regression model showed that PSB was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of nail biting (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19-1.90; P = 0.001) and biting objects (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03-1.63; P = 0.025) and less prevalent among girls (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98; P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PSB in schoolchildren was high. Schoolchildren with a history of nail biting and biting objects had a higher prevalence of PSB.

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Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos mototaxistas de Juazeiro do Norte-CE sobre os procedimentos imediatos frente à ocorrência de avulsão e fratura coronária, além de verificar o consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas, bem como o uso de capacetes do tipo fechado durante as atividades laborais.Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de mototaxistas regularmente registrados no sindicato de mototaxistas em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil. Informações sobre condutas emergenciais e possíveis experiências e atitudes tomadas frente à ocorrência de avulsão dentária e fratura coronária, uso de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas, bem como o uso de capacetes para proteção fechados foram coletadas através de questionário. A análise dos dados envolveu estatística descritiva da frequência absoluta e relativa das variáveis do estudo.Resultados: Do total de mototaxistas entrevistados, 56,3% afirmaram ter entendimento sobre o conceito de traumatismo dentário, 52,1% não procurariam o cirurgião-dentista nos casos de ausência de fratura coronária, 58,3% pegariam em qualquer parte do dente avulsionado, 25,0% transportariam o dente até o consultório odontológico com auxílio de um lenço e 33,3% afirmaram que poderiam procurar o dentista na mesma semana da ocorrência do trauma. A ingestão de drogas lícitas e ilícitas antes do trabalho foi relatada, respectivamente, por 8,3% e 6,3% dos entrevistados e o uso de capacete de proteção foi realizado por 41,7% dos mototaxistas.Conclusão: Foi detectada um baixo conhecimento dos mototaxistas de Juazeiro do Norte-CE sobre as condutas imediatas adequadas frente à avulsão dentária e fratura coronária. O relato de consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas foi baixo. O uso de capacetes de proteção fechados durante o trabalho apresentou uma porcentagem considerável.

Aim: To evaluate the knowledge of motorcycle taxi drivers from Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil about immediate attitudes regarding dental avulsion and coronary fracture, as well as to verify the consumption of licit and illicit substances and the use of protective helmets.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample of motorcycle taxi drivers registered at the Union of Motorcycle taxi drivers of Juazeiro do Norte. Information on emergency behaviors and possible experiences and attitudes regarding the occurrence of trauma, the use of licit and illicit substances, and the use of closed protective helmets were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative frequency of all variables of the present study.Results: Of the total number of motorcycle taxi drivers interviewed, 56.3% stated that they had previous knowledge about the concept of dental trauma, 52.1% would not seek out a dentist in cases of the absence of a crown fracture, 58.3% would take the avulsed tooth anywhere, 25% would carry the tooth to the dental office wrapped in a piece of cloth, and 33.3% answered that they would go to the dentist in the same week of the trauma. Intake of licit and illicit substances before work was reported, respectively, by 8.3% and 6.3% of the interviewees, and the use of protective helmets was observed in 41.7% of motorcycle taxi drivers.Conclusion: This study showed a low knowledge of motorcycle taxi drivers from Juazeiro do Norte about appropriate immediate attitudes concerning the occurrence of dental avulsion and coronary fracture. The use of closed helmets during work was found in a considerable percentage of the drivers. The report of consumption of licit and illicit substances was low.

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O bruxismo é uma atividade repetitiva da musculatura mastigatória caracterizada por apertar e/ou ranger os dentes. Essa atividade pode ocorre durante o sono (bruxismo do sono) ou durante a vigília (bruxismo em vigília), e pode acometer tanto crianças e quanto adultos. A etiologia é multifatorial e fortemente associada a fatores comportamentais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação entre provável bruxismo do sono (BS) com fatores sociodemográficos, estresse materno, estresse infantil e o histórico de hábitos bucais deletérios em escolares através de um estudo caso-controle. Realizou-se um estudo caso-controle, aninhado a um estudo transversal, com uma amostra representativa de 326 escolares de 8 a 10 anos de idade da cidade de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil, sob a aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa da UFVJM (protocolo: 370.291). Por meio de um sorteio, o grupo caso (crianças com provável bruxismo do sono) e o grupo controle (crianças sem provável bruxismo do sono) foram pareados por idade e sexo na proporção de 1:1 (163 casos para 163 controles). O diagnóstico do provável bruxismo foi baseado no critério do consenso internacional (relato e exame clínico). As informações sobre presença de sons audíveis característicos do bruxismo do sono, histórico de hábitos bucais deletérios e fatores sociodemográficos (escolaridade dos pais/cuidadores, renda mensal familiar, duração de renda mensal familiar, número de crianças na família, ordem de nascimento da criança) foram obtidas através de questionários autoaplicados respondidos pelos pais/cuidadores das crianças. Além disso, as mães preencheram o questionário Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e os escolares preencheram a Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI). As crianças foram submetidas ao exame clínico bucal para avaliação da presença/ausência de facetas de desgaste e/ou desconforto muscular. Os exames clínicos foram realizados por um único examinador previamente treinado e calibrado (Kappa intraexaminador ≥ 0.74 e Kappa ≥ 0,82, respectivamente e Kappa interexaminador ≥ 0.86 e Kappa ≥ 0,77, respectivamente). A análise dos dados incluiu análise descritiva e análises de regressão logística condicional não ajustada e ajustada [P ≤ 0,05; Intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%)]. Do total de crianças com stress (n=57), 64.9% (n=37) possuíam provável SB. A análise de regressão logística condicional ajustada mostrou que crianças com estresse (OR=2.00, IC 95%: 1.08-3.70; p=0.026) e que possuíam o histórico de roer unhas (OR= 2.19, IC 95%: 1.38 ­ 3.48; p=0.001) e de morder objetos (OR= 1.74 IC 95%: 1.08-2.81; p=0.023) foram mais propensas à apresentar o provável bruxismo do sono. Os fatores sociodemográficos (escolaridade materna, renda mensal familiar, duração da renda mensal, número de crianças na família e ordem de nascimento da criança) estresse materno, bem como história de sucção de chupeta, sucção labial e sucção digital não foram associados ao provável BS. Em conclusão, crianças com estresse, com histórico de hábitos de roer as unhas e morder objetos são sinais importantes a serem considerados em escolares com provável bruxismo do sono.(AU)

Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the jaw muscles characterized by clenching and/or grinding the teeth. This activity can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or during wakefulness (awake bruxism) and can affect children and adults. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between probable sleep bruxism (SB) and socio-demographic factors, mother's stress, childhood stress and harmful oral habits in schoolchildren. A case-control study nested in a cross-sectional study was conducted involving a representative sample of 326 schoolchildren aged eight to ten years in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case (children with probable sleep bruxism) and control (children without probable sleep bruxism) groups were matched for age and sex at a proportion of 1:1 (163 cases and 163 controls). Information on audible sounds characteristic of sleep bruxism, harmful oral habits and demographic characteristics (parents/caregivers level of education, monthly household income, duration of monthly household income, number of children in the family and child's order of birth) were obtained through the use of questionnaires filled out by the parents/caregivers. The mothers filled out Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI) for adults and the schoolchildren filled out the Child Stress Scale (CSS). The children were submitted to clinical oral examinations to assess the presence/absence of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Clinical examinations were conducted by a single examiner previously trained and calibrated to determine tooth wear and muscle discomfort (intra-examiner Kappa ≥ 0.74 and ≥ 0.82, respectively; inter-examiner Kappa ≥ 0.86 and ≥ 0.77, respectively). The diagnosis of probable sleep bruxism was based on the criterion of the international consensus (parental report and clinical examination). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, as well as unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses [(p≤0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Among the children with stress (n = 57), 64.9% (n = 37) had probable SB. The adjusted conditional logistical regression analysis revealed that children with stress (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.08-3.70; p=0.026) and those with the habit of nail biting (OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.38-3.48; p=0.001) or biting objects (OR= 1.74 95% CI: 1.08-2.81; p=0.023) had a greater likelihood to present signs of probable sleep bruxism. Sociodemographic factors (schooling, monthly household income, duration of monthly income, number of children in the family and child's birth order), mother's stress and a history of pacifier use, lip sucking and thumb/finger sucking were not associated with probable SB. In conclusion, childhood stress and a history of nail biting or biting objects are important signs to be considered in schoolchildren with probable sleep bruxism.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8 to 10 (CPQ8-10) and child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (child-OIDP) indexes according to their total and item scores, as well as assess the discriminative validity of these assessment tools regarding dental caries and malocclusion among schoolchildren. A sample of 300 children aged between 8 and 10 years answered the questionnaires in two distinct steps. First, half of the sample (G1 = 150) answered the CPQ8-10 and the other half (G2 = 150) answered the child-OIDP. A week after, G1 answered the child-OIDP and G2 answered the CPQ8-10. Dental Aesthetic Index and WHO criteria were used to categorize malocclusion and dental caries, respectively. Descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney test were performed in this study. The CPQ8-10 and child-OIDP demonstrated a statistically significant and moderate correlation between their total scores. Regarding the discriminative validity, CPQ8-10 demonstrated a significant association between the "emotional status" daily activity and dental caries, and between the "eating", "sleeping", and "studying" daily activities and malocclusion. Concerning the child-OIDP, a significant difference was found only between the "social contact" activity and presence of dental caries. Both instruments were not capable of distinguishing children with and without dental caries and/or malocclusion by their total scores. However, the instruments were able to discriminate between children with and without those oral disorders in different dimensions. Thus, the CPQ8-10 and the child-OIDP demonstrated a different capacity to assess the impact on OHRQoL among schoolchildren.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between traumatic dental injury (TDI) and maternal stress and demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted involving 396 eight- to 11- year-old schoolchildren in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Maternal stress and demographic and behavioral (breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits) factors were evaluated using a questionnaire. Overjet and TDI were recorded by a dentist who underwent training and a calibration exercise. Hierarchically-adjusted Poisson regression models were employed to determine factors associated with TDI. RESULTS: In the final regression model, the prevalence of TDI was 75 percent higher among schoolchildren who were breastfed for less than six months (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.16 to 2.66), 72 percent higher among those who engaged in finger-/thumb-sucking after three years of age (PR=1.72; 95% CI=1.16 to 2.56) and 91 percent among those with overjet greater than three mm (PR=1.91; 95% CI=1.29 to 2.84). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding duration, finger-/thumb-sucking and increased overjet were associated with TDI. These factors were aggravated by maternal stress, but it lost its significance in the multivariate analysis.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between respiratory disorders and sleep bruxism, with an evaluation of demographic/socioeconomic factors and childhood stress as confounding variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in the city of Diamantina, Brazil, with 448 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 8 to 11 years. The schoolchildren underwent an oral examination for the evaluation of bruxism. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire for the assessment of sleep bruxism; socioeconomic-demographic factors; and respiratory disorders, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis. The schoolchildren filled out the Children's Stress Scale. Poisson regression models were constructed separately for each respiratory disorder to determine prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Sleep bruxism was more prevalent among children with rhinitis (PR = 1.45; 95%CI 1.08-1.93; p = 0.012) and sinusitis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.06-2.36; p = 0.023). No significant association was found between sleep bruxism and bronchitis. A greater frequency of sleep bruxism was found among children whose mothers had a higher level of schooling and those who reported stress in the resistance/exhaustion phase. CONCLUSION: Rhinitis and sinusitis were associated with sleep bruxism. Moreover, sleep bruxism was more prevalent among children whose mothers had a higher level of schooling and those with higher degrees of stress.

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This study aimed at determining the prevalence of inflammatory root resorption and associated factors in 1068 primary mandibular molars in 453 children 3 to 12 years of age. Age, dental history and medical history were recorded using a questionnaire administered to the children's parents/caregivers. Previously trained and calibrated examiners assessed radiographic images of the primary molars by direct observation, with the aid of a viewing box. Root resorption (physiological or inflammatory), dental crown status (healthy, carious with no pulp involvement, carious with pulp involvement and evidence of restoration), and pulpotomy or pulpectomy were determined. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and a multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05). The prevalence of inflammatory root resorption was 16.2% (n = 173). The male gender (OR: 1.4; 95% CI), the 3-to-7-years age bracket (OR: 1.5; 95% CI), an unhealthy dental crown (OR: 8.7; 95% CI), caries with pulp involvement (OR: 7.4; 95% CI), pulpotomy (OR: 3.1; 95% CI), and pulpectomy (OR: 5.4; 95% CI) were risk factors for the occurrence of inflammatory root resorption in primary molars. In conclusion, the prevalence of inflammatory root resorption in the present sample was 16.2%. Gender, age, an unhealthy tooth, caries with pulp involvement, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and the absence of a restoration were associated with a higher occurrence of inflammatory root resorption in primary molars.

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This study aimed at determining the prevalence of inflammatory root resorption and associated factors in 1068 primary mandibular molars in 453 children 3 to 12 years of age. Age, dental history and medical history were recorded using a questionnaire administered to the children's parents/caregivers. Previously trained and calibrated examiners assessed radiographic images of the primary molars by direct observation, with the aid of a viewing box. Root resorption (physiological or inflammatory), dental crown status (healthy, carious with no pulp involvement, carious with pulp involvement and evidence of restoration), and pulpotomy or pulpectomy were determined. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and a multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05). The prevalence of inflammatory root resorption was 16.2% (n = 173). The male gender (OR: 1.4; 95% CI), the 3-to-7-years age bracket (OR: 1.5; 95% CI), an unhealthy dental crown (OR: 8.7; 95% CI), caries with pulp involvement (OR: 7.4; 95% CI), pulpotomy (OR: 3.1; 95% CI), and pulpectomy (OR: 5.4; 95% CI) were risk factors for the occurrence of inflammatory root resorption in primary molars. In conclusion, the prevalence of inflammatory root resorption in the present sample was 16.2%. Gender, age, an unhealthy tooth, caries with pulp involvement, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and the absence of a restoration were associated with a higher occurrence of inflammatory root resorption in primary molars.

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