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An historical overview of yellow fever dating back to the 18th and 17th centuries. The author looks at the history of the first outbreak in Trinidad where Trinidad is specifically named in 1793. The paper highlights the key role that Trinidad has played in the unravelling of yellow fever epidemiological mysteries. Recorded and suspected outbreaks of yellow fever is also presented in table form

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Eruption of a yellow fever epizootic/epidemic was signalled by the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory with the isolation of virus from the first human case in April 1954. Mosquito investigations were conducted in three major areas. Descriptions are provided of the forest environments, the mosquito collection techniques, transportation logistics, mosquito identification and isolation of viruses. An addendum briefly reviews subsequent yellow fever outbreaks in the island, addresses the question of origin and provides recommendations for the future.

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Paper covers the history and some of the operations of the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory

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Paper covers the history and some of the operations of the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory

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Eruption of a yellow fever epizootic/epidemic was signalled by the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory with the isolation of virus from the first human case in April 1954. Mosquito investigations were conducted in three major areas. Descriptions are provided of the forest environments, the mosquito collection techniques, transportation logistics, mosquito identification and isolation of viruses. An addendum briefly reviews subsequent yellow fever outbreaks in the island, addresses the question of origin and provides recommendations for the future (AU)

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An historical overview of yellow fever dating back to the 18th and 17th centuries. The author looks at the history of the first outbreak in Trinidad where Trinidad is specifically named in 1793. The paper highlights the key role that Trinidad has played in the unravelling of yellow fever epidemiological mysteries. Recorded and suspected outbreaks of yellow fever is also presented in table form

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Eruption of a yellow fever epizootic/epidemic was signalled by the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory with the isolation of virus from the first human case in April 1954. Mosquito investigations were conducted in three major areas. Descriptions are provided of the forest environments, the mosquito collection techniques, transportation logistics, mosquito identification and isolation of viruses. An addendum briefly reviews subsequent yellow fever outbreaks in the island, addresses the question of origin and provides recommendations for the future.(AU)

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Three geographical strains of Aedes aegypti from Thailand (Amphur), East Africa (Kampala), and the West Indies (Santo Domingo) were compared for susceptibility to infection with low-passage yellow fever virus (French viscerotropic) as well as for ability to transmit virus by bite at varying extrinsic incubation periods. Santo Domingo strain appeared the most competent and Kampala the least when mosquitoes were exposed to a low level virus-infecting blood meal; at higher virus levels, a similar trend was noted but differences were less evident and in no case were the differences statistically significant. All three strains were infected with and transmitted yellow fever virus (AU)

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Investigations on leptospirosis in Trinidad during the period 1962-1967, and characteristic of previously isolated leptospires are reported. Leptospires in the serogroups hebdomadis icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, grippotyphosa and ballum were recognized to be present on the island. Two of the serotypes in the hebdomadis group, for which the names Trinidad and Tabaquite are proposed, were shown to be previously undescribed serotypes. The complement fixation test proven to be useful in recognizing leptospiral infection in humans. (AU)

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Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Medical Research, 11. Pan American Health Organization; 19-23 Jun. 1972

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During the course of virological investigations in Guyana over a ten-year period, 1956-1966, several viruses were isolated. Eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, Cache Valley, and rabies viruses were recovered from equines; poliovirus types 1 and 3, Coxsackie Group B type 3, Coxsackie Group A type 4, and rabies were recovered from humans. In addition, serlological evidence was obtained for the past occurrence of infection with Mayaro, Ilheus, and yellow fever viruses in the Amerindians of the Rupununi, and with Ilheus, St. Louis encephalitis, and dengue in residents of the coastal area. Outbreaks of illness in equines due to viruses occurred on the coast in 1953, 1958, 1962, and 1966 and on the Rupununi Savannahs in 1959. An outbreak of poliomyelitis due to poliovirus type 1 occurred on the coast in 1962. Three members of one family from the north-west district died from rabies, presumably bat transmitted, in 1960 (AU)

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Details are given on isolations of seven virus types from material collected in Bush Bush Forest during the study period: 262 of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), 71 of Caraparu-like, three of Oriboca, two of Restan, 63 of Bimiti, 56 of Catu, and 87 of Guama. Data from experimental-infection studies are presented, as well as results of serologic studies with hemagglutinating antigens of VEE and Caraparu-like viruses and some 1,200 sera of Bush Bush rodents. It was found that the natural transmission cycles of five of these virus types in Bush Bush are similar and include a period of multiplication and viremia in forest-floor rodents and a period of multiplication in mosquitoes among which Culex (Melanoconion) protesi, at least, is capable of subsequent transmission. Similar cycles are inferred for the remaining two virus types, Oriboca and Restan. In 1964 a severe reduction of the rodent population took place, Culex portesi continued abundant, and only Bimiti of the seven virus types was isolated. It is concluded that an alternate host population of sufficient size was not then available to these viruses in Bush Bush. Very little evidence was found to implicate mosquito species other than C.portesi as essential vectors during epizootic or inter-epizootic periods. (AU)

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An introduction has been given to the principal vertebrates of Bush Bush Forest, which include 59 species of mammal (32 of bat), 171 species of bird , 27 species of reptile, 7 species of amphibian, and an undetermined number of fish. Special attention was paid to the population dynamics, longevity, and range of small forest rodents. During the study years the populations of small rodents declined almost to the point of disappearence. (AU)

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Virus isolates totaling 593 and representing 19 different virus types were recovered from sentinel animals, small mammals, and arthropods during studies carried out in Bush Bush Forest, Trinidad, over a 5-year period. The laboratory techniques used are described, and details are given regarding 49 isolates belonging to 12 virus types: Una, St. Louis encephalitis, Ilheus, Bush-bush, TRVL 57896 (Moriche), Wyeomyia, Cache Valley, Cocal, Oropouche, Aruac, Nariva, and TVRL 39316-1-5 type (Pacui). The remaining 544 isolates were identified as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus or members of serologic groups C and Guama, and are discussed elsewhere (AU)

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