RESUMEN
The early urinary tract infection (EUTI) in kidney transplant recipients is an infection develop during the first 3 months post transplant surgery. The effect of EUTI on graft survival and risk factors have been scarcely studied. Our objetives were the evaluation of risk factors to EUTI, the assessment of the causal agent and graft survival impact. A retrospective analysis of kidney transplantation, period 1997-2000 in Hospital Privado-Centro Médico de Córdoba was carried out. There were two groups of patients with (EUTI group) and without EUTI (control group). Cox model was used to analyze risk factors and Kaplan-Meier method for graft survival. A total of 226 consecutive patients received kidney transplantation. In 55 patients (24.3%) EUTI was detected. Risk factors for EUTI were: invasive urological maneuvers (RR = 4.34, CI 95% 1.42-13.21), diabetes mellitus (RR = 3.79, CI 95% 1.42-10.14), cytomegalovirus infection (RR = 2.9, CI 95% 1.02-8.24) and previous transplants (RR = 2.83, CI 95% 1.08-7.45). Delayed graft function was associated with lower incidence of EUTI (RR = 0.38, CI 95% 0.15-0.94). The causal agents were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%) and Escherichia coli (9%). Graft survival at 2 years was similar in EUTI (87.2%) and control group (81.2%, p = 0.32). This series shows that invasive urological maneuvers were the main risk factors for EUTI. Graft survival was similar. High prevalence of non coli bacteria need further evaluation.(AU)
La infección urinaria temprana del injerto (IUTI), definida como infección urinaria sintomática en los primeros 3 meses del trasplante, su efecto sobre la sobrevida del injerto y los factores de riesgo han sido poco estudiados. Los objetivos del presente análisis fueron conocer factores de riesgo para IUTI,analizar agentes causantes e impacto en la sobrevida del injerto. En forma retrospectiva se analizaron pacientesque recibieron trasplante renal durante 1997-2000 en el Hospital Privado ¹ Centro Médico de Córdoba. Sedividió en dos grupos de pacientes, según presencia (grupo IUTI) o ausencia (grupo control) de IUTI. Los factores de riesgo se analizaron con el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y la sobrevida del injerto con elmétodo de Kaplan-Meier. Recibieron trasplante renal 226 pacientes consecutivos. La IUTI se presentó en 55(24.3%). Factores de riesgo asociados con IUTI: antecedentes de maniobras urológicas invasivas (RR=4.34,IC 95% 1.42-13.21), diabetes mellitus (RR=3.79, IC 95% 1.42-10.14), infección por citomegalovirus (RR=2.9,IC 95% 1.02-8.24) y antecedente de trasplante previo (RR=2.83, IC 95% 1.08-7.45). El retardo en la función delinjerto (RR=0.38, IC 95% 0.15-0.94) se asoció con menor incidencia de IUTI. Agentes más frecuentes: Klebsiellapneumoniae (36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%) y Escherichia coli (9%). La sobrevida del injerto a los 2años en el grupo IUTI (87.2%) no fue diferente del control (81.2%, P = 0.32). En esta serie las maniobras urológicas invasivas fueron el principal factor de riesgo asociado a IUTI. No hubo disminución de la sobrevida del injerto asociada a IUTI. La alta prevalencia de uropatógenos no coli requiere mayor evaluación(AU)
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Supervivencia de Injerto , Trasplante de Riñón , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Infecciones Urinarias/etiología , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The early urinary tract infection (EUTI) in kidney transplant recipients is an infection develop during the first 3 months post transplant surgery. The effect of EUTI on graft survival and risk factors have been scarcely studied. Our objetives were the evaluation of risk factors to EUTI, the assessment of the causal agent and graft survival impact. A retrospective analysis of kidney transplantation, period 1997-2000 in Hospital Privado-Centro Médico de Córdoba was carried out. There were two groups of patients with (EUTI group) and without EUTI (control group). Cox model was used to analyze risk factors and Kaplan-Meier method for graft survival. A total of 226 consecutive patients received kidney transplantation. In 55 patients (24.3%) EUTI was detected. Risk factors for EUTI were: invasive urological maneuvers (RR = 4.34, CI 95% 1.42-13.21), diabetes mellitus (RR = 3.79, CI 95% 1.42-10.14), cytomegalovirus infection (RR = 2.9, CI 95% 1.02-8.24) and previous transplants (RR = 2.83, CI 95% 1.08-7.45). Delayed graft function was associated with lower incidence of EUTI (RR = 0.38, CI 95% 0.15-0.94). The causal agents were: Klebsiella pneumoniae (36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%) and Escherichia coli (9%). Graft survival at 2 years was similar in EUTI (87.2%) and control group (81.2%, p = 0.32). This series shows that invasive urological maneuvers were the main risk factors for EUTI. Graft survival was similar. High prevalence of non coli bacteria need further evaluation.
La infección urinaria temprana del injerto (IUTI), definida como infección urinaria sintomática en los primeros 3 meses del trasplante, su efecto sobre la sobrevida del injerto y los factores de riesgo han sido poco estudiados. Los objetivos del presente análisis fueron conocer factores de riesgo para IUTI,analizar agentes causantes e impacto en la sobrevida del injerto. En forma retrospectiva se analizaron pacientesque recibieron trasplante renal durante 1997-2000 en el Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba. Sedividió en dos grupos de pacientes, según presencia (grupo IUTI) o ausencia (grupo control) de IUTI. Los factores de riesgo se analizaron con el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y la sobrevida del injerto con elmétodo de Kaplan-Meier. Recibieron trasplante renal 226 pacientes consecutivos. La IUTI se presentó en 55(24.3%). Factores de riesgo asociados con IUTI: antecedentes de maniobras urológicas invasivas (RR=4.34,IC 95% 1.42-13.21), diabetes mellitus (RR=3.79, IC 95% 1.42-10.14), infección por citomegalovirus (RR=2.9,IC 95% 1.02-8.24) y antecedente de trasplante previo (RR=2.83, IC 95% 1.08-7.45). El retardo en la función delinjerto (RR=0.38, IC 95% 0.15-0.94) se asoció con menor incidencia de IUTI. Agentes más frecuentes: Klebsiellapneumoniae (36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%) y Escherichia coli (9%). La sobrevida del injerto a los 2años en el grupo IUTI (87.2%) no fue diferente del control (81.2%, P = 0.32). En esta serie las maniobras urológicas invasivas fueron el principal factor de riesgo asociado a IUTI. No hubo disminución de la sobrevida del injerto asociada a IUTI. La alta prevalencia de uropatógenos no coli requiere mayor evaluación
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Supervivencia de Injerto , Infecciones Urinarias/etiología , Trasplante de Riñón , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/microbiología , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Rechazo de Injerto/etiologíaRESUMEN
Between 1994-2001 we have performed 57 bone biopsies for diagnostic purposes in symptomatic CRF patients. We analyzed here 52 samples where the material was optimal for study, and divided them into 2 periods according to when the biopsy was performed: 1994-1996 and 1997-2001, to verify changes in the spectrum of renal osteodystrophy. Mean serum values were: serum calcium 9.9 +/- 1.8 mg/dl, phosphate 5.8 +/- 3.2 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 693.9 +/- 968.9 Ul/L, iPTH 562.0 +/- 598.5 pg/ml, serum aluminum 65.7 +/- 79.3 ug/L and bone aluminum 22.8 +/- 22.4 ug/g. Hyperparathyroidism was the most common histological diagnosis as severe in 13 patients (25%), or as mild in 14 (27%). Ten patients had osteomalacia (19%), adynamic bone disease was diagnosed in 5 (9.6%) and mixed renal osteodystrophy in 10 (19.2%). Low bone turnover patients showed higher bone and serum aluminum than high bone turnover patients. We observed a relative increment in high turnover bone disease in the later period (1997-2001) without changes in low turnover bone disease. These data showed a high prevalence of hyperparathyroidism and aluminum-related low turnover bone disease, with no significant changes between the two time-periods analyzed here.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/patología , Trastorno Mineral y Óseo Asociado a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Aluminio/análisis , Argentina/epidemiología , Biomarcadores , Biopsia , Remodelación Ósea , Huesos/química , Calcio/sangre , Trastorno Mineral y Óseo Asociado a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica/sangre , Trastorno Mineral y Óseo Asociado a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica/etiología , Trastorno Mineral y Óseo Asociado a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/sangre , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Fósforo/sangreRESUMEN
Hyperphosphatemia is an important risk factor of secondary hyperparathyroidism and extraosseous calcifications in chronic renal failure patients. In this study our hypothesis is that physicians misconception of adequate phosphatemia is a risk factor for hyperphosphatemia. In 1999 GEMOR sent a renal osteodystrophy inquiry to different hemodialysis centers in Argentina. It included 80 dialysis centers in 17 Argentinian provinces. The enquire had 33 questions about renal osteodystrophy. Here we report the section related to phosphorous metabolism. We obtained responses from 80 dialysis centers (4,512 dialysis patients), which represents about 24% of Argentinian dialysis centers. Physicians considered phosphorous levels between 4.5 to 5.5 mg/dl in 83.5% of centers as adequate, and between 5.5 to 6.5 mg/dl in 10.1%. Five out of 77 centers reported that they had no patients with hyperphosphatemia. The percentage of hemodialysis patients that had more than 6 mg/dl in each center was 28.8 +/- 15.9%. Those centers that aimed for phosphatemia between 5.5 and 6.5 mg/dl, had a higher percentage of patients with phosphatemia above 6 mg/dl than those aiming for between 4.5 and 5.5 mg/dl (42.8 +/- 16.7 vs 27.1 +/- 15.2% respectively, p = 0.007), and had higher mean of phosphatemia (6.4 +/- 0.7 vs 5.3 +/- 0.7 mg/dl respectively, p = 0.0001), than the last group. In conclusion, a higher mean phosphate level was obtained in hemodialysis centers where physicians considered higher pre-dialysis target levels. Some centers had no patients with hyperphosphatemia (neglect or good control?).