RESUMEN
We investigated the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from cocoa fermentation using an experimental rat model of colitis. Cocoa beans were collected from fermentation boxes every 12 h for 5 days to isolate the microorganisms. Strains were isolated by serial dilution and plating on MRS agar. Gram-positive and catalase-negative rods were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. Ten strains were randomly pooled and used to prepare a fermented milk drink that was used to treat the experimental colitis. A parallel group was treated with a single strain drink. Serum concentrations of cytokines and IgA, total and differential counts of blood leukocytes, and histological appearance were compared with the untreated control colitis group. Eighty strains of LAB were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum (68) and Lactobacillus plantarum (12). The multi-strain LAB pool significantly reduced the total number of leukocytes. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes compared with the control colitis group. IFN-γ concentration was downregulated in animals treated with the LAB pool. IL-10 and IgA increased significantly in the group treated with the strains. Histological analysis showed that the LAB pool reduced the inflammatory infiltrate and restored tissue architecture. The group treated with the single strain LAB drink (L. fermentum) showed no signs of inflammation remission. The results confirm the probiotic action of cocoa-derived LAB in the treatment of experimental colitis. Studies using isogenic models and humans will clarify the mechanisms of immune response modulation in inflammatory bowel disease.
Asunto(s)
Cacao/microbiología , Colitis/terapia , Productos Lácteos Cultivados/microbiología , Lactobacillus plantarum/aislamiento & purificación , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/aislamiento & purificación , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Animales , Colitis/sangre , Colitis/inmunología , Colon/inmunología , Colon/patología , Citocinas/sangre , Fermentación , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Recuento de Linfocitos , Masculino , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
In the present study, metagenomic technique and fosmid vectors were used to construct a library of clones for exploring the biotechnological potential of mangrove soils by isolation of functional genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes. The library was built with genomic DNA from the soil samples of mangrove sediments and the functional screening of 1824 clones (~64 Mbp) was performed to detect the hydrolytic activity specific for cellulases, amylases (at acidic, neutral and basic pH), lipases/esterases, proteases, and nitrilases. Significant numbers of clones, positive for the tested enzyme activities were obtained. Our results indicate the importance and biotechnological potential of mangrove soils especially when compared to those obtained using other soil metagenomic libraries.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Biblioteca de Genes , Vectores Genéticos/química , Metagenoma , Microbiología del Suelo , Humedales , Aminohidrolasas/genética , Amilasas/genética , Bacterias/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Celulasas/genética , Medios de Cultivo/química , Esterasas/genética , Consorcios Microbianos/genética , Péptido Hidrolasas/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
Los aneurismas de la arteria poplítea son los más frecuentes entre los aneurismas periféricos, pudiendo ser tratados con stents a través de cirugía endovascular. Sin embargo, tales stents poseen el mismo diámetro en la parte proximal y distal, no siendo compatible con la anatomía vascular de ese segmento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la diferencia entre el diámetro del tercio distal de la arteria femoral y el diámetro de la arteria tibial posterior, además de obtener el diámetro de otras arterias del miembro inferior. Se utilizaron 28 cadáveres formolizados de individuos adultos, de ambos sexos, los que fueron disecados en la región correspondiente. Los diámetros registrados fueron los siguientes: en el tercio distal de la arteria femoral (inicio de la arteria poplítea), parte final de la arteria poplítea antes de su bifurcación en arterias tibial anterior y posterior, arterias tibial anterior y posterior (tronco tibiofibular). En el sexo masculino, desde el tercio distal de la arteria femoral hasta la arteria tibial posterior hubo una reducción del diámetro de 27,92% (p<0,0001). En el femenino, la reducción fue de 52,61% (p < que 0,0001). Al comparar el diámetro del tercio distal de la arteria femoral entre ambos sexos, se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,0497), así como entre los diámetros de las arterias tibiales posteriores (p< 0,0142). Estos datos son de importancia clínica para los procedimientos de cirugía endovascular, pudiendo reducir las complicaciones en tales procedimientos. Las endoprotésis deberán adaptarse a estas diferencias de diámetro.
The popliteal artery aneurysms are the most common among peripheral aneurysms and can be treated with stents through endovascular surgery. However, these stents have the same diameter at the proximal and distal part , not being compatible with the vascular anatomy of that segment. The aim of this study was determine the difference between the diameter of the distal third of the femoral artery and the diameter of the posterior tibial artery, and to obtain the diameter of others arteries of the lower limb. We study 28 formalized cadavers of adult individuals of both sexes, which were dissected in the corresponding region. The following arterial diameters were recorded: the distal third of the femoral artery, distal part of the popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery. In males from the distal third of the femoral artery to the posterior tibial artery there was a narrowing of 27.92% (p < 0.0001). In women , the reduction was 52.61 % (p<0.0001). By comparing the diameter of the distal third of the femoral artery between the sexes, a statistically significant difference was obtained (p<0.0497), as well as between the posterior tibial artery diameters (p < 0.0142). These data are of clinical importance for endovascular surgery procedures and may reduce complications in such procedures. Stents must adapt to these differences in diameter.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Arteria Poplítea/anatomía & histología , Arterias Tibiales/anatomía & histología , Arteria Femoral/anatomía & histología , Stents , Caracteres Sexuales , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
To study the potential probiotic characteristics such as decrease of pH, microbial viability, and tolerance to simulated digestive steps of fermented soy beverage ("soy yogurt") produced with lactobacilli isolated from cocoa fermentation (Lactobacillus fermentum TcUESC01 and Lactobacillus plantarum TcUESC02) during fermentation and refrigerated storage. The sensory acceptance of the yogurts was also tested. Samples of soy yogurt produced with L. fermentum TcUESC01 or L. plantarum TcUESC02 were collected during fermentation (0, 4, 8, and 12 h) and refrigerated storage (1, 9, 18, and 27 d), and submitted to pH and bacterial viability determinations. Tolerance to simulated digestion steps was done with refrigerated storage samples at 9 °C. Simulated digestion was performed in 3 successive steps: exposure to pepsin-HCl solution, bile shock, and simulated small intestinal juice. During storage, a decrease in pH and lactobacillus viability was observed. L. fermentum TcUESC01 showed to be more resistant than L. plantarum TcUESC02 to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. All soy yogurts showed acceptable hedonic scores (greater than 5 in a 9-point hedonic scale ranging from "like extremely" to "dislike extremely") in sensory evaluation for flavor, aroma, color, consistency, and overall impression. L. plantarum TcUESC02 and, especially, L. fermentum TcUESC01 showed potential probiotic characteristics when considering pH, cell viability, and tolerance to simulated digestive steps and did not affect the sensory characteristics when supplemented to soy yogurt during storage.