RESUMEN
The present study investigated the essential oil obtained from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, an aromatic plant used in Brazilian folk medicine. The chemical composition was performed by GC×GC/qMS. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated by DPPH and BCB and, MIC assays, respectively. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in the oil, where the major compounds were bicyclogermacrene (15%), globulol (5%) and spathulenol (5%). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (29 compounds) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20 compounds) were the most representative classes of terpenes. DPPH (IC50 value 26.1 ± 0.5 µg/mL) and BCB (68.3 ± 1.5%) values indicated a significant antioxidant activity. The essential oil strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 15 ± 0.1 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 25 ± 0.2 µg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC 5 ± 0.1 µg/mL). The results give a deeper understanding of the chemical composition and report for the first time the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the C. guazumifolia essential oil.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Myrtaceae/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Brasil , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/análisis , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/análisis , Terpenos/químicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Piper amalago has a distribution from Mexico to Brazil; their aerial parts have been used in folk medicine to treat diuretic and kidney diseases. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from both the leaves and stems of P. amalago, compare them, and evaluate their antilithiasic activity and acute toxicity. METHODOLOGY: Extraction was performed by hydrodistillation, whereas chemical characterisation by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with rapid-scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS). The antilithiasic activity was evaluated by the effect of the EOs on calcium oxalate crystallisation in vitro. The turbidity index and the number of crystals formed were determined and used as an estimative of the activity. In the acute toxicity assay, the effects of a single oral dose of the EOs in Wistar rats were determined. General behaviour, adverse effects, and mortality were determined. RESULTS: A total of 322 compounds were identified in the EOs. The sesquiterpenes displayed the highest contribution in leaves EOs among which included bicyclogermacrene and δ-cadinene. Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes displayed the highest contribution in EOs from stems, among which included bicyclogermacrene and α-cadinol. The EOs demonstrated an excellent action on the crystals growth inhibition, and the oral dose tested did not induce significant changes in the parameters for acute toxicity. CONCLUSION: The oils have a high chemical complexity, and there are differences between their compositions, which could explain the observed differences in antilithiasic activity. The findings support the use of this plant in folk medicine to treat kidney diseases.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Cálculos Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Piper/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Oxalato de Calcio/química , Cristalización , Humanos , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites Volátiles/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Ratas Wistar , Pruebas de Toxicidad AgudaRESUMEN
In this paper it is studied the most polar fractions of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of Lignocel BK40-90 (sawdust from forest timber). The biomass was submitted to the pyrolysis in an existing FCC pilot plant that was adapted for this procedure. The equipment consists of a fluidized bed reactor with nitrogen injection. The unit operates with continuous biomass feeding and continuous solids circulation. The produced bio-oil was submitted to an aqueous alkaline extraction, isolating the acidic compounds that were analyzed by one-dimensional gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (qMS). One hundred and thirty compounds (mainly phenols and ketones) were tentatively identified in the extract, some of them by the use of retention indexes. The main differences between chromatographic techniques were the substantial increasing in the peak capacity of GC×GC and the resolution of some co-elutions that occurred in GC/qMS. It is also possible to conclude that this extract is rich in important raw materials for the chemical industry and can be used for this end.