RESUMEN
COVID-19, a respiratory illness with a global impact on millions, has recently been linked to manifestations affecting various bodily systems, including the oral cavity. Studies highlight oral issues, like ulcers, blisters, and white patches, alongside olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, influencing an individual's quality of life. In this context, our study aimed to assess the frequency of oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory disorders, and xerostomia resulting from COVID-19. An observational study was conducted with 414 patients to evaluate the frequency of oral symptoms resulting from COVID-19. Patients were diagnosed with mild symptoms and evaluated through clinical examination of the oral cavity and a questionnaire to assess functional alterations. The findings showed that 139 out of 414 patients presented clinical manifestations, with oral lesions being the most prevalent (19.1%), followed by gustatory disorders (18.1%), xerostomia (14.2%), and olfactory dysfunction (14%). The most prevalent oral lesions were ulcerations (n = 51), candidiasis (n = 8), and erythema or red plaques (n = 7). Unfortunately, 50 (12.1%) patients died during this study. Therefore, oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, and xerostomia are common symptoms associated with COVID-19.
RESUMEN
Discovered in 1865 by Jules Bernard Luys, the subthalamic nucleus is a set of small nuclei located in the diencephalon, inferior to the thalamus and superior to the substantia nigra, that can be visualized in a posterior coronal section. Histologically, it consists of neurons compactly distributed and filled with a large number of blood vessels and sparse myelinated fibers. This review presents an analysis of this anatomical region, considering what is most recent in the literature. Subthalamic neurons are excitatory and use glutamate as the neurotransmitter. In healthy individuals, these neurons are inhibited by nerve cells located in the side globus pallidus. However, if the fibers that make up the afferent circuit are damaged, the neurons become highly excitable, thus causing motor disturbances that can be classified as hyperkinetic, for example ballism and chorea, or hypokinetic, for example Parkinson disease (PD). The advent of deep brain stimulation has given the subthalamic nucleus great visibility. Studies reveal that the stimulation of this nucleus improves themotor symptoms of PD.
Asunto(s)
Núcleo Subtalámico/anatomía & histología , Núcleo Subtalámico/anomalías , Núcleo Subtalámico/cirugía , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Sustancia Negra/anatomía & histología , Corteza Cerebral/anatomía & histología , Cuerpo Estriado/anatomía & histología , Estimulación Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Globo Pálido/anatomía & histología , Corteza Motora/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study is to evaluate the oral health services in the city of Grão Mogol, Brazil by analyzing the users perceptions. It was chosen the qualitative methodology using a semi-structured interview. The aspects investigated included the perception of the process of oral health/illness; knowledge, practices and value attributed to oral health; access to services; professional/patient relationship and assistance received. The interviews were analyzed and the central ideas extracted, which were considered in a final analysis of the study. It was observed that the oral health service in this city is going through a period of changes, but it still exist an iatrogenic-mutilator practice. However, health prevention and promotion gains space within health actions, acting as important factors to enhance oral health assistance and resulting improvement of the population quality of life. Users can feel the evolution of the service, but admit the necessity of more organization and definition on the access to services as well as an improvement on the communication professional/patient. The population starts to value the oral health as something important within the life conditions of each individual.