RESUMEN
Introducción: Los hogares han incorporado masivamente el consumo de bebidas ácidas. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en alumnos de un jardín de infantes el patrón de consumo de bebidas de uso frecuente y el estado dentario. Material y métodos: Sobre un total de 53 alumnos de una jardín público, 21 hombres y 32 mujerescon una edad promedio de 3,86(ñ 0.98DS), se realizó una encuesta a los padres de carácter anónimo, referida a salud general, medidas preventivas educativas y consumo de bebidas. Sobre una muestra de 26 alumnos seleccionados aleatoriamente se realizó examen dentario y se confeccionó ceod, ceos, pérdida de tejido dentario, según Smith y Knight (1984). Se realizó distribución de la frecuencia de las variables de la encuesta; media y ES de los indicadores dentarios y correlación de las variables. Resultados: La distribución de frecuencia mostró: recibe medicamentos 9 por ciento, presenta antecedentes de alergia 28 por ciento, tiene asma 6 por ciento. Los momentos de azúcar x fue de 4,76 ñ 0,219 El 19 por ciento recibe aplicación tópica de fluoruros, 73 por ciento usa pastas fluoradas. El 41 por ciento se cepilla 2 veces por día; .Las bebidas preferidas resultaron los jugos, 89 por ciento. El 69 por ciento gaseosas, 28 por ciento bebidas deportivas y un 19 por ciento bebidas a base de soja. El consumo antes de dormir era de un 40 por ciento, y el 11 por ciento usaba mamadera. El ceod fue de 3.38 ñ0,779, con un componente cd de 2,961ñ0,665 y el ceos de 5 ñ 1,708, con un cs de 3,84ñ1,05. El 81 por ciento presentó pérdida de tejido dentario, principalmente o/y Bucal. Conclusión: La escasa aplicación de medidas preventivas, los patrones de consumo de bebidas en edades tempranas y el incremento de las erosiones hace necesario implementar acciones de educación para la salud en las escuelas. (AU) F
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Preescolar , Bebidas , Erosión de los DientesRESUMEN
Introducción: Los hogares han incorporado masivamente el consumo de bebidas ácidas. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en alumnos de un jardín de infantes el patrón de consumo de bebidas de uso frecuente y el estado dentario. Material y métodos: Sobre un total de 53 alumnos de una jardín público, 21 hombres y 32 mujeres con una edad promedio de 3,86(± 0.98DS), se realizó una encuesta a los padres de carácter anónimo, referida a salud general, medidas preventivas educativas y consumo de bebidas. Sobre una muestra de 26 alumnos seleccionados aleatoriamente se realizó examen dentario y se confeccionó ceod, ceos, pérdida de tejido dentario, según Smith y Knight (1984). Se realizó distribución de la frecuencia de las variables de la encuesta; media y ES de los indicadores dentarios y correlación de las variables. Resultados: La distribución de frecuencia mostró: recibe medicamentos 9%, presenta antecedentes de alergia 28%, tiene asma 6%. Los momentos de azúcar x fue de 4,76 ± 0,219 El 19% recibe aplicación tópica de fluoruros, 73% usa pastas fluoradas. El 41% se cepilla 2 veces por día; .Las bebidas preferidas resultaron los jugos, 89%. El 69% gaseosas, 28% bebidas deportivas y un 19% bebidas a base de soja. El consumo antes de dormir era de un 40 %,y el 11% usaba mamadera. El ceod fue de 3.38 ±0,779, con un componente cd de 2,961±0,665 y el ceos de 5 ± 1,708, con un cs de 3,84±1,05. El 81% presentó pérdida de tejido dentario, principalmente o/y Bucal. Conclusión: La escasa aplicación de medidas preventivas, los patrones de consumo de bebidas en edades tempranas y el incremento de las erosiones hace necesario implementar acciones de educación para la salud en las escuelas.
Consumption of acidic beverages has become commonplace in the average home. The aim of the present study was to evaluate beverage consumption habits and dental status in preschool children of a kindergarten. The study population comprised 53 children attending a state kindergarten in Buenos Aires city, including 21 boys and 32 girls; average age was 3.86 years (± SD 0.98). The parents of the children filled in a questionnaire inquiring about general health, educational preventive measures, and beverage consumption. Twenty six children were randomly selected and subjected to dental examination, determination of their dmft and dmfs scores, loss of dental tissue according to Smith and Knight (1984). Frequency distribution of the variables included in the questionnaire was determined, mean and SE of the dental and salivary indicators was calculated, and correlation among variables was analyzed. Frequency distribution showed that 9% took medication, 28% suffered from allergies, 6% suffered from asthma. The mean of sugar consumption was 4,76 ± 0,219 SE. Nineteen percent received topical applications of fluoride, 73% used fluoridated toothpaste. Forty one percent brushed their teeth 2 times a day. The prefer beverage were regular juices in 89% of cases; 69% soft drinks, 28% sport drinks, 19% drank soja. The 40% consumpted before go to bed and eleven percent taked botle dmft was 3.38 ±0,779 (SE) the dt was 2,961±0,665 (SE)and dmfs was 5 ± 1,708 (SE).The ds 2,961±0,665 (SE) eighty one percent of clhildren presented loss of dental tissue; presented tissue loss on the occlusal / incisal and buccal surface. The lack of preventive measures, the observed beverage consumption habits in early ages, and the increase in dental erosion, evidence the need to implement health education programs in schools.
Introdução: As famílias construíram maciço consumo de bebidas ácidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar em alunos de uma creche o padrão de consumo e freqüência relacionado à saúde bucal. Materiais e Métodos: Em um total de 53 alunos em um jardim público, 21 homens e 32 mulheres com idade média de 3,86 (± 0.98DS), foi realizada uma pesquisa com os pais de maneira anônima, referindo-se a saúde em geral, educação preventiva e consumo de bebidas. Em uma amostra de 26 alunos selecionados aleatoriamente o exame odontológico foi realizado e foi realizado o ceo, ceos, perda de estrutura dental, de acordo com Smith e Knight (1984). Realizamos a distribuição de freqüência das variáveis da pesquisa, médios e indicadores ES odontológicos e correlação das variáveis. Resultados: A distribuição das freqüências mostrou: utiliza medicamentos 9%, tem uma história de alergia 28%, 6% têm asma. Uso de açúcar 4,76% ± 0,219. 19 receberam aplicação tópica de flúor, 73% utilizaram dentifrício fluoretado. 41% escova duas vezes por dia. Os sucos eram as bebidas preferidas, 89%. 69% usam refrigerantes, 28% bebidas esportivas(isotônicos) e 19% de bebidas à base de soja. Consumo antes de dormir era de 40% e 11% usaram mamadeira. O CPOD foi de 3,38 ± 0,779, com uma componente de 2,961 ± 0,665 cd e ceos 5 ± 1,708, com uma cs de 3,84 ± 1,05. 81% apresentaram perda de estrutura dental, principalmente o/i e Bucal. Conclusão: A falta de medidas preventivas, os padrões de consumo em idades precoces e o aumento de erosões, torna necessário implementar a educação em saúde nas escolas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Bebidas Gaseosas , Erosión de los Dientes , Erosión de los Dientes/prevención & control , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the erosive capacity of different common drinks employing intrinsic pH, soluble solids and buffer effect at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 as end-points. Fifty- two drinks of mass consumption were selected and grouped according to type into 3 groups: 1: Juices (n = 23); 2: soy beverages (n = 18); 3: carbonated drinks (n = 11). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each drink and for each group of drinks. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < or = 0.05. The data showed that the 3 groups exhibited initial acid pH values. Natural juices had the greatest buffer effect. The soluble solids, expressed as Brix Grades, showed statistically significant differences between the regular and light forms of carbonated and soy beverages. The light and regular forms of the drinks included in the study failed to show statistically significant differences at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas/análisis , Análisis de Varianza , Tampones (Química) , Bebidas Gaseosas/análisis , Frutas/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Solubilidad , Leche de Soja/química , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Sacarosa/análisisRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the erosive capacity of different common drinks employing intrinsic pH, soluble solids and buffer effect at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 as end-points. Fifty- two drinks of mass consumption were selected and grouped according to type into 3 groups: 1: Juices (n = 23); 2: soy beverages (n = 18); 3: carbonated drinks (n = 11). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each drink and for each group of drinks. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < or = 0.05. The data showed that the 3 groups exhibited initial acid pH values. Natural juices had the greatest buffer effect. The soluble solids, expressed as Brix Grades, showed statistically significant differences between the regular and light forms of carbonated and soy beverages. The light and regular forms of the drinks included in the study failed to show statistically significant differences at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0.
RESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the erosive capacity of different common drinks employing intrinsic pH, soluble solids and buffer effect at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 as end-points. Fifty- two drinks of mass consumption were selected and grouped according to type into 3 groups: 1: Juices (n = 23); 2: soy beverages (n = 18); 3: carbonated drinks (n = 11). The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each drink and for each group of drinks. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < or = 0.05. The data showed that the 3 groups exhibited initial acid pH values. Natural juices had the greatest buffer effect. The soluble solids, expressed as Brix Grades, showed statistically significant differences between the regular and light forms of carbonated and soy beverages. The light and regular forms of the drinks included in the study failed to show statistically significant differences at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0.
RESUMEN
An antibody raised against the recombinant Xenopus laevis Hoxb-7 protein (López and Carrasco [1992] Mech. Dev. 36:153-164) recognizes the 30 kDa translation product of the Hoxb-7 gene in X. laevis and the cognate nuclear protein in chicken embryos. The X. laevis Hoxb-7 protein was expressed maternally and zygotically. Treatment of X. laevis and chicken embryos with either all-trans retinoic acid (RA) or the retinoid antagonist Ro 41-5253 (Ro; Apfel et al. [1992] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:7129-7133) during early development induced malformations of the neural tube and complementary changes in the expression domain of the homeoprotein Hoxb-7. Treatment of X. laevis embryos with retinoic acid during gastrulation induced an anterior shift of the Hoxb-7 expression domain and was correlated with an enlargement of rhombomere r7. In addition to a reduction in rhombomere numbers and of forebrain size, various malformations involving all three germ layers were observed. Treatment of X. laevis embryos with the antagonist Ro before or during gastrulation caused a progressive reduction of the Hoxb-7 domain and also dose-dependent malformations of all three germ layers. RA or Ro treatment of chicken embryos from the beginning of gastrulation caused changes of the Hoxb-7 expression domain very similar to those observed in X. laevis. In particular, either a dose-dependent loss of the Hoxb-7 protein in the neural tube or an ectopic expression in the forebrain region was observed. The results of this study indicate that endogenous retinoids regulate the spatial expression of homeobox-containing genes in vertebrates.
Asunto(s)
Benzoatos/farmacología , Cromanos/farmacología , Embrión no Mamífero/fisiología , Proteínas de Homeodominio/fisiología , Tretinoina/farmacología , Animales , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Antígenos CD57/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Central/embriología , Embrión de Pollo , Embrión no Mamífero/química , Epítopos/metabolismo , Extremidades/embriología , Ganglios/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios/embriología , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Proteínas de Homeodominio/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Homeodominio/inmunología , Esbozos de los Miembros/fisiología , Morfogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Cresta Neural/efectos de los fármacos , Oocitos/fisiología , Retinoides/farmacología , Tretinoina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Vertebrados , Xenopus laevisRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43% reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the % of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.
Asunto(s)
Fluoruro de Fosfato Acidulado/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Niño , Índice CPO , Placa Dental/microbiología , Dentífricos/química , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Servicios de Odontología Escolar , Autocuidado , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Cepillado Dental , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43
reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the
of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.
RESUMEN
The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43
reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the
of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.