RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a relatively common complex congenital heart defect. Prior to development of staged reconstruction (i.e., Norwood procedure), HLHS was almost universally fatal within months of birth. Early survivors of the Norwood procedure are now reaching reproductive age. We report successful pregnancies in two such women. PATIENTS: The first patient was a 20-year-old woman transferred from a community hospital at 33 3/7 weeks gestation because of preterm labor, suspected preeclampsia, and mild chronic hypoxemia. She had normal systemic ventricular shortening without significant valvar regurgitation but severe neoaortic dilatation. A fetal ultrasound demonstrated intrauterine growth restriction. An urgent Cesarean section was performed at 33 6/7 weeks gestation, given breech position and intractable preterm labor. The second patient, a 23-year-old woman followed at this institution through pregnancy, presented with preterm labor at 36 weeks gestation. Her systemic ventricular shortening was normal, with mild tricuspid regurgitation but without neoaortic dilation or regurgitation. She developed active labor at 36 3/6 weeks, and had a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a small for gestational age infant. Both women tolerated labor and childbirth without complication. Neither infant had evidence of structural heart disease on fetal echocardiography or physical examination. CONCLUSIONS: These cases, the first reported successful pregnancies in mothers with HLHS, highlight the challenges of pregnancy among women with complex congenital heart disease in general and raise several considerations specific to HLHS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Corazón Izquierdo Hipoplásico , Nacimiento Vivo , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo , Presentación de Nalgas/etiología , Cesárea , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/etiología , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Síndrome del Corazón Izquierdo Hipoplásico/complicaciones , Síndrome del Corazón Izquierdo Hipoplásico/patología , Síndrome del Corazón Izquierdo Hipoplásico/cirugía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Procedimientos de Norwood , Trabajo de Parto Prematuro/etiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/patología , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS XR) was evaluated in 2968 children 6-12 years of age with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: In this prospective, open-label, noncomparative, community-based study, subjects whose symptoms of ADHD were well controlled with stimulant medication maintained their established treatment regimens for 2 weeks before enrollment into the current study. Subjects' regimens were then converted to an approximately equivalent once-daily dose of MAS XR 10, 20, or 30 mg/d according to a medication-conversion algorithm, which could be adjusted to 40 mg/d for optimal efficacy and tolerability. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse were measured at each study visit. Twelve-lead electrocardiography was performed at screening and at the end of the extension phase or early termination. RESULTS: No clinically significant changes in BP or pulse were observed. Although one subject experienced a QT-prolongation interval > 25%, no clinically significant prolongation in the mean QT interval was seen. Approximately 2.5% of subjects demonstrated two consecutive SBP or DBP values > 95th percentile for age, sex, and height, and 3.6% of subjects' pulse increased by > or = 25 to > or = 110 beats per minute. No serious cardiovascular adverse events or deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to demonstrated efficacy and safety, the cardiovascular profile of MAS XR showed generally small divergences from age-specific population norms that pose very limited risk in this patient population.