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It turns out that the more than trillion microorganisms living in the host's digestive tract are crucial for maintaining nutrient intake, environmental suitability, and physiological mechanism. Xinjiang fine-wool sheep is an exclusive breed for wool in China, which has excellent stress tolerance. In this study, we collected feces and blood samples of 20 Xinjiang fine-wool sheep under the same genetic characteristics, the Fine-Wool Sheep (FWS) group and the Control Fine-Wool Sheep (CFWS) group were set up according to the differs in phenotypic characteristics of their wool. By 16S rRNA amplicon sequence, ITS1 region amplicons and Targeted Metabolomics, we analyzed the microbial community structure of fecal microorganisms and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in serum of the Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. Fecal microbial sequencing showed that the bacterial composition and structure were similar between the two groups, whereas there were significant differences in the composition and structure of the fungal community. It was also found that the abundant of Neocallimastigomycota in the intestinal fungal community of FWS was higher. In addition, the results of the serum SCFAs content analysis showed that butyric acid was significantly differences than those two groups. Correlation analysis between SCFAs and bacteria found that butyric acid metabolism had positively correlated (P < 0.05) with Ruminococcus and UCG-005. Overall, our data provide more supplement about the gut microbes community composition and structure of the Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. These results might be useful for improving gut health of sheep and taking nutritional control measure to improve production traits of animals in future.

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Hexavalent chromium is a highly toxic substance, which will pose a serious threat to human life and health and the entire ecosystem. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a simple and rapid detection method for hexavalent chromium. In this work, we fabricated bovine serum albumin-stabilized silver nanocluster (BSA-Ag13 NC) which exhibited photoresponsive oxidase-like activity, catalyzing the oxidation of colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to the blue oxidized state TMB (oxTMB) in a short time. Interestingly, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) can significantly inhibit the color reaction of TMB oxidation while Cr(VI) can interact specifically with 8-HQ to restore this chromogenic reaction. Based on the above facts, a colorimetric sensing system for detecting Cr(VI) was developed. The sensing system shows a wide linear range, and good selectivity, with a low detection limit of 2.32 nM. Moreover, this sensing system could be successfully applied to the detection of Cr(VI) in lake water, tap water, and sewage with satisfactory results.

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High levels of uric acid (UA) in humans can cause a range of diseases, and traditional assays that rely on uric acid enzymes to break down uric acid are limited by the inherent deficiencies of natural enzymes. Fortunately, the rapid development of nanozymes in recent years is expected to solve the above-mentioned problems. Hence, we used a host-guest strategy to synthesize a platinum nanoparticle confined in a metal-organic framework (Pt NPs@ZIF) that can sensitively detect UA levels in human serum. Unlike previously reported free radical-catalyzed oxidation systems, its unique electron transfer mechanism confers excellent peroxidase-like activity to Pt NPs@ZIF. In addition, UA can selectively inhibit the chromogenic reaction of TMB, thus reducing the absorbance of the system. Therefore, using the peroxidase-like activity of Pt NPs@ZIF and using TMB as a chromogenic substrate, UA can be detected directly without relying on natural enzymes. The results showed a relatively wide detection range (10-1000 µM) and a low detection limit (0.2 µM). Satisfactory results were also obtained for UA in human serum. This study with simple operation and rapid detection offers a promising method for efficiently detecting UA in serum.

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The purpose was to integrate cultural psychology into cross-cultural adaptation and analyze the factors of entrepreneurial psychology and entrepreneurial intention of venture entrepreneurs. The research framework of cross-cultural adaptation is constructed, and four hypotheses are put forward, and 100 venture entrepreneurs in multinational enterprises are randomly recruited and investigated through the QS (Questionnaire Survey) design. Finally, the results are analyzed through statistical software. The results show that among the basic information of venture entrepreneurs, the proportion of gender is balanced, and the educational level is generally high, with the majority of young entrepreneurs aged 20-35. Meanwhile, there are significant differences in the four dimensions of cross-cultural competence, cross-cultural adaptation, entrepreneurial intention, and psychological adaptation of venture entrepreneurs (p<0.05). Length of service influences cross-cultural competence, cross-cultural adaptation, and entrepreneurial intention but does not affect psychological adaptation. Hence, cross-cultural adaptation has a great impact on the entrepreneurial intention and psychological adaptation of venture entrepreneurs and provides a practical basis for the entrepreneurial optimization of venture entrepreneurs.

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The long non­coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 22 (SNHG22) has been reported as a crucial regulator in several types of human cancer. The present study evaluated the function and mechanism of SNHG22 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. SNHG22 expression was detected in colorectal adenoma, CRC tumor tissues (TTs) and adjacent non­cancerous tissues (ANTs) using reverse transcription­quantitative PCR (RT­qPCR). The biological behaviors of SNHG22 in CRC cell lines were explored in vitro using Cell Counting Kit­8, flow cytometry, wound scratch assay and Transwell assay, and in vivo using a nude mouse xenograft model. The interaction between SNHG22 and microRNA­128­3p (miR­128­3p), and the target genes of miR­128­3p were explored using online tools, RT­qPCR, western blotting and a dual­luciferase reporter assay. The present study revealed that SNHG22 expression was most highly expressed in TTs followed by adenoma tissues and ANTs. In addition, high SNHG22 expression levels were significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological factors and worse survival in patients with CRC. SNHG22 knockdown markedly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration and invasion in vitro, and hindered tumor growth in vivo. The mechanistic study revealed that SNHG22 bound to miR­128­3p and attenuated its inhibitory effects on E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) expression levels and activity. Rescue experiments demonstrated that inhibiting miR­128­3p or upregulating E2F3 offset the effects of SNHG22 knockdown on CRC cells. The present findings support the existence of an interactive regulatory network involving SNHG22, miR­128­3p and E2F3 in CRC cell lines, indicating that the SNHG22/miR­128­3p/E2F3 axis may be considered a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in CRC.

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Untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was used to investigate the differences in cage duck eggs and sea duck eggs that from different poultry breeding system, which could help to combat fraud within the egg industry. High dimensions and complex data collected by UHPLC-HRMS were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Identification model of sea duck eggs based on was established. After matching with the chemical databases, four potential markers were putatively matched. Further analysis showed that three of them were confirmed by reference standards. All these three markers (n-behenoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and n-nervonoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine) have higher content in sea duck eggs. The quantitative analysis showed that the content difference of three markers in farm samples were in highly consistent with the concentration changes measured in experimental samples, which indicate that these three markers are reliable.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goz038.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goz038.].

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A new analytical method for untargeted screening of flavor compounds in goat milk and milk flavor using mass spectrometry was developed and validated. All compounds of low molecular weight were considered as candidate chemicals, instead of focusing only on compounds that already have a known affect on the flavor quality of goat milk. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry based on external standard was used to analyse flavor compounds in complex samples. The untargeted screening strategy is data pre-processing, automated componentization, suspect library spectra searching and the retained analytes confirming based on the reference standard solutions. Forty-two flavor compounds were confirmed and analyzed. The established method was validated by considering the guidelines specified in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and European SANCO/12571/2013 Guideline 2013. This validated method was successfully applied to samples detection, and some unique flavor compounds were found between goat milk and milk flavor samples, which can provide some useful references for the illicit addition of flavors and fragrances in dairy products.

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An untargeted foodomics strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap and chemometrics was used to observe subtle differences in the molecule profiles of raw milk from different animal species (cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk), which could prevent the fraud activities in the dairy industry. In data-dependent acquisition (DIA), spectra for all precursor ions facilitated the comprehensive identification of unknown compounds in untargeted foodomics. Chemometrics techniques were used to analyze large amounts of complex data to observe the separation of different sample groups and find the potential markers of sample groups. Finally, five markers were putatively identified by the potential marker identification workflow. The quantification results showed that ß-carotene was found only in cow milk; ergocalciferol was found only in water buffalo milk; and the contents of nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were higher in goat milk than those in cow milk and water buffalo milk. The quantification of ß-carotene enabled the detection of cow milk with a sensitivity threshold of 5% (w/w). This work provided an efficient approach for the discrimination of cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk. Compared with proteomics and genomics, the simpler analytical procedures, lower costs, and higher speed of this work make it of great benefit for routine operations.

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BACKGROUND: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a secreted protein contributed to the immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stromal cells. Microarray profiling found a significantly higher expression level of the extracellular matrix gene MGP in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, little is known about the role of MGP in UC and its upstream signaling regulation. This study aimed to identify the expression of MGP in UC and its upstream regulator mechanism. METHODS: Colonic mucosa biopsies were obtained from patients with UC and healthy controls. DNA microarray profiling was used to explore underlying genes correlating with UC development. Mice were fed with water containing different concentrations of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce an experimental colitis model. Colonic tissues were collected and evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify candidate MGP gene-promoter sequence and transcription-initiation sites. Luciferase-reporter gene assay was conducted to examine the potential transcription factor of MGP gene expression. RESULTS: The expression of MGP was significantly increased in colonic tissues from UC patients and DSS-induced colitis models, and was positively correlated with disease severity. Bioinformatics analysis showed a conserved binding site for Egr-1 in the upstream region of human MGP gene. The significantly higher level of Egr-1 gene expression was found in UC patients than in healthy controls. The activity of luciferase was significantly enhanced in the Egr-1 expression plasmid co-transfected group than in the control group and was further inhibited when co-transfected with the Egr-1 binding-site mutated MGP promoter. CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulated expression of MGP was found in UC patients and DSS-induced colitis. The expression of MGP can be regulated by Egr-1.

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The trade volume of imported dairy products is increasing with the increase of per capita consumption of dairy products, thus it is the great significant thing to control the quality of dairy products from other countries. The investigation finds that the proline content of imported liquid milk ultra high temperature instantaneous sterilization (UHT) milk (commonly known as normal temperature milk) is significantly higher than that of domestic UHT milk, that a risk of overheating and adding reconstituted milk exists for the imported UHT milk. Although it is currently unable to regulate the source and processing technology of imported dairy products, some certain indicators that reflect the process conditions are often used to monitor the quality of dairy products in the field of heat treatment process control of dairy products. Proline is produced during the processing of dairy products and is a marker that reflects the processing conditions. This paper briefly describes the research status of nine markers used to evaluate in the processing of dairy products at home and abroad, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for improving the regulatory system for the processing of dairy products in China, and to protect consumer rights.

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In this study, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to establish a high-throughput screening method for 20 ß -blockers and their metabolites in foods of animal origin. The sensitivity and applicability of the established method were improved by optimizing the instrument and pretreatment conditions. The samples were purified by high speed centrifugation at low temperature, and the compounds were separated by a C8 column. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the compounds were performed in full MS/dd-MS2 (data-dependent MS2) mode. Twenty compounds showed a good linear relationship in the range 0.1-10 µg/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1 to 5 µg/kg, while the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 2 to 10 µg/kg. The average recoveries were 60.37%-100.84%, with relative standard deviations less than 10%. The method is operationally simple and has good reproducibility and high accuracy, which are essential for ß -blockers and metabolite residue screening in foods of animal-origin.

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Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 5 patients who were hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to July 2017 for treatment of IBD complicated with PJP. Demographic characteristics,clinical manifestations,treatments,and outcomes were descriptively analyzed. Results Of these five patients,four had ulcerative colitis (UC) and one had Crohn's disease (CD). All patients were males,with an average age of (61.8±1.9) years. All patients were in active disease status and had symptoms including cough and suffocation. Three patients had hypoxemia,among whom two developed type 1 respiratory failure. Three patients were treated with immunosuppressive medications (corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressant drugs) before the diagnosis of PJP. Lymphocyte counts in three patients were less than 0.6×109/L. CD4+T cells in two patients were less than 200×106/L. Four patients had elevated serum cytomegalovirus DNA. The level of ß-D-glucan was elevated in four patients. Chest CT showed bilateral diffuse ground glass opacification. PJP-DNA was positive in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in all patients. Two patients with type 1 respiratory failure required invasive mechanical ventilation. All patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and methylprednisolone treatment. Four patients recovered completely and one died. Conclusion Elderly (aged>55 years) IBD patients who are receiving immune-suppressive therapy or with decreased peripheral blood lymphocyte count are at higher risk of PJP.

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This study investigated the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from wetland-plant derived biochar under various extracting conditions (deionized water, 0.1 mol/L HCl, 0.1 mol/L NaOH, and 0.1 mol/L NaCl) by using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from biochar extracted in different extracting solutions ranged from 0.69 g/L to 1.22 g/L with the total contents of 13.7-23.5 g DOC/kg. The average DOC content was highest in the alkaline solution and lowest in the deionized water. Three humic acid-like substances, one fulvic acid-like substance and one tyrosine-like substance were identified. The distributions of the identified components in DOM were distinctively different among various extracts, and humic acid-like components were the dominant materials. The extraction conditions could affect significantly humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like fluorescence. The results would be beneficial to understand the biochar's effects and processes in possible environmental applications.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effect of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) in different stages with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). METHODS: 91 patients with PBC were divided into 4 periods based on levels of liver test and symptoms. Clinical manifestations, biochemical changes and pathological changes were observed for 2 years on UDCA therapy. RESULTS: The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutamyltranspetidase (GGT) at the second PBC period were declined by 51.9% and 67.3% respectively after a 6-month UDCA therapy. The biochemical responses were 81.25% (Paris criteria) and 93.75% (Barcelona criteria). The levels of ALP and GGT at the third PBC period were declined by 48.8% and 46.6% after 6 months of UDCA therapy, and the biochemical responses were 36.84% (Paris criteria) and 57.89% (Barcelona criteria). Symptoms like fatigue, pruritus and jaundice after UDCA therapy were better than before. Same results also appeared at the fourth period. 11 patients in different periods underwent pathological examinations before and after UDCA therapy and no progression found in the first and the second periods, however difference found in the third and the fourth periods with the lymphocyte infiltration was less than before UDCA treatment. CONCLUSION: Good biochemical responds appear in patients at the second, third and forth periods after UDCA therapy, in which the second period is best. Symptoms could be improved after UDCA treatment. Early UDCA therapy is benefit for slowing down the progression of liver pathology.

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To investigate the RNA interference (RNAi) effect induced by vector-derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the three gatekeeper genes (Rad52, Ku70, Ku80) and screen the more effective target sites from candidates for further research, by using siRNA design tools online, we selected 2 candidate sequences directed to every gatekeeper gene. According to the sequences, six vector-derived siRNAs (denoted psiRNA1-6) and one mocking psiRNA7 were constructed. Among them, psiRNA1 and psiRNA2 targeted Rad52, psiRNA3 and psiRNA4 to Ku70, psiRNA5 and psiRNA6 to Ku80. The mocking psiRNA7 was used as control. After sequence identification, the seven plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cell line. siRNA-induced silencing of gatekeeper genes was determined by using RT-PCR at RNA level and Western Blot at protein level. The results showed that the six plasmids specifically targeting the coding region of gatekeeper genes were successfully designed and constructed. To some extent, the six plasmids could reduce the expression of target gene. Comparatively, the plasmid-derived siRNA psiRNA1, psiRNA4 and psiRNA5 were more effective than their counterparts. The results suggest that the gene silencing efficiency of siRNA is different, depending on their targeted region, and siRNA may provide us with practical tools for further study on the three gatekeeper genes, i.e. Rad52, Ku70, Ku80.

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