RESUMEN

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active luminogens (AIEgens) have demonstrated exciting potential for the application in cancer phototheranostics. However, simultaneously achieving tumor-activated bright emission, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, high tumor accumulation, and minimized ROS depletion remains challenging. Here, a metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrid AIEgen theranostic platform is designed, termed A-NUiO@DCDA@ZIF-Cu, composed of an AIEgen-loaded hydrophobic UiO-66 (A-NUiO@DCDA) core and a Cu-doped hydrophilic ZIF-8 (ZIF-Cu) shell. The fluorescence emission and therapeutic ROS activity of AIEgens are restrained during delivery. After uptake by tumor tissues, ZIF-Cu decomposition occurs in response to an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), and the hydrophobic A-NUiO@DCDA cores self-assemble into large particles, extremely increasing the tumor accumulation of AIEgens. This results in enhanced fluorescence imaging (FLI) and highly improved 1O2 generation ability during photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, the released Cu2+ reacts to glutathione (GSH) to generate Cu+, which provides an extra chemodynamic therapy (CDT) function through Fenton-like reactions with overexpressed H2O2, resulting in the GSH depletion-enhanced ROS therapy. As a result of these characteristics, the MOF hybrid AIEgens can selectively kill tumors with excellent efficacy.

Asunto(s)

Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Línea Celular Tumoral , Glutatión , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/farmacología , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Ácidos Ftálicos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Microambiente Tumoral

RESUMEN

A practically applicable strategy for transforming fragile metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into highly stable and ordered organic framework materials (OFMs) is developed by replacing the labile coordination bonds in MOFs with stable covalent bonds in OFMs, which exhibit hypothetically approximated topology, porosity and properties of the parent MOFs by merging the advantages of MOFs and porous organic materials, thus providing a general pathway for the synthesis of highly ordered OFMs with merged advantages of MOFs and organic polymers.

RESUMEN

In this study, a new strategy to establish a 3D local connection of building synthons and tune the functionalities of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was developed via in situ incorporation of multi-branched building blocks during the synthesis of COFs. The new COF material CPF-3 retains the features including surface area, crystallinity and stability of the pristine 2D COF COF-LZU1 and expands the light absorption range to the visible-light region via incorporation of accessible photoactive porphyrin sites with the 3D local connection. The Sn(iv)-metalated COF material Sn-CPF-3 exhibits high photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity in aerobic oxidation of sulfides to produce highly value-added sulfoxides with up to 23 334 turnovers and 648 h-1 turnover frequency under visible light irradiation.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence and pathoanatomy of posterolateral fragments and analyze the associated fracture mechanism in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: From 1.1.2008 to 3.15.2012, all patients suffering bicondylar tibial plateau fractures were identified, scanned and analyzed at the Shanghai Clinical Trauma Center. Furthermore cadaver knees were selected into three groups of 30/60/90 knee flexion to simulate the posterolateral tibial plateau fracture by an impact device. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four (44.32 %) bicondylar tibial plateau fractures finally satisfied our requirements. Fifty-three and ninety-four cases were measured eventually in the groups of posterolateral split and depression. The posterolateral articular fragment proportion was 15.43 %. The posterolateral articular fragment angle showed an average of 12.94°. The posterolateral fragment cortical height was on average 2.96 cm. The posterolateral sagittal fragment angle averaged at 72.06°. Ninety-four cases were measured in the posterolateral depression group. The average posterolateral articular depression proportion was 16.74 %. The average posterolateral articular depression height was 2.47 cm. In the biomechanical modeling of such kinds of fracture patterns, posterolateral split fractures in 30° and 60° flexion are significantly more than those in 90° flexion. Posterolateral splits combined with anterolateral depression fractures in 30° flexion are significantly more than those in 90° flexion. CONCLUSION: The incidence of posterolateral fractures is 44.32 % in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. The morphology of posterolateral area can be referenced for the surgeon in the future clinical work. The information is also helpful for the design of locking plate and fracture modeling in biomechanical test. In addition, that posterolateral split and posterolateral depression might be caused by different injury mechanisms. Different angles of knee flexion under the axial impact loading are possibly the interpretations for these two fracture patterns.

Asunto(s)

Traumatismos de la Rodilla/patología , Fracturas de la Tibia/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/epidemiología , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Articulación de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Rodilla/patología , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Químicos , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas de la Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Tibia/epidemiología , Fracturas de la Tibia/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

Self-assembly of luminescent moieties into porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has generated many luminescent platforms for probing volatile organic molecules (VOMs). However, most of those explored thus far have only been based on the luminescence intensity of one transition, which is not efficient for probing different VOMs. We have synthesized a luminescent MOF material containing 1D nanotube channels, and further developed a luminescent dye@MOF platform to realize the probing of different VOMs by tuning the energy transfer efficiency between two different emissions. The dye@MOF platform exhibits excellent fingerprint correlation between the VOM and the emission peak-height ratio of ligand to dye moieties. The dye@MOF sensor is self-calibrating, stable, and instantaneous, thus the approach should be a very promising strategy to develop luminescent materials with unprecedented practical applications.