RESUMEN
The uncontrolled release of nitrophenol and dye pollutants into water systems is an increasingly serious worldwide concern, and thus efficient wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed. Herein we report a novel two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (Ti3C2Tx MXene) membrane modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by vacuum assisted filtration technology for the ultrafast nitrophenol catalysis and water purification applications. Regular and controllable membrane transport channels were constructed by stacking Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Furthermore, the intercalation of AgNWs into the Ti3C2Tx MXene interlayer greatly enlarged the interlayer spacing, resulting in more gaps for fast and selective molecular transport. The optimized Ti3C2Tx MXene@AgNWs (M@A) membrane exhibited a water flux up to â¼191.9 L/(m2 h) while maintaining a high bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of â¼95.4%. We emphatically used M@A membranes as efficient catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and the results indicated that M@A-12% membrane exhibited the greatest catalytic reduction ability, and recycling utilization. M@A-12% membrane also had an antibacterial rate of more than 99% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This work provides a possibility to expand the application of 2D multifunctional M@A membranes in wastewater treatment and pollutant catalytic degradation.
Asunto(s)
Incrustaciones Biológicas , Contaminantes Ambientales , Nanocables , Plata/farmacología , Incrustaciones Biológicas/prevención & control , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Titanio/farmacología , Nitrofenoles , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos , Catálisis , AguaRESUMEN
Plastic gauzes have been widely used in the BTH region against haze events and for agricultural practices. The breakage of plastic gauzes would lead to the release of microplastics into soils, but it is difficult to estimate the inputs due to their wide implementation. In this study, we have conducted an estimation model based on the remote sensing technology for plastic gauze identification and the data from field experiments and literature. This model first managed to interpret the distribution of plastic gauzes from the Landsat8 images with the average overall accuracy at 0.92 and the average kappa at 0.77. By deeming the implementation duration of plastic gauzes from their distribution and using the breakage rates of plastic materials in soils reported in the literature, the model estimated that on average 1629.68 tons of microplastics have been released to soils from plastic gauze annually in the BTH region. Comparing with the microplastics released from other sources (e.g., personal care products, household dusts, laundry, and tire wear), plastic gauze could be a considerable contributor to soil microplastics.
Asunto(s)
Microplásticos , Plásticos , Agricultura , Monitoreo del Ambiente , SueloRESUMEN
A generalized exponential spectrum model is derived, which considers finite turbulence inner and outer scales and has a general spectral power law value between the range 3 to 5 instead of standard power law value 11/3. Based on this generalized spectrum model, a new generalized long exposure turbulence modulation transfer function (MTF) is obtained for optical plane and spherical wave propagating through horizontal path in weak fluctuation turbulence. When the inner scale and outer scale are set to zero and infinite, respectively, the new generalized MTF is reduced to the classical generalized MTF derived from the non-Kolmogorov spectrum.
Asunto(s)
Nefelometría y Turbidimetría/métodos , Óptica y Fotónica , Atmósfera , Simulación por Computador , Monitoreo del Ambiente/instrumentación , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Modelos Estadísticos , Dinámicas no LinealesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Classification based on a combination of molecular and pathologic predictors had never been done using hierarchical cluster analysis. For this purpose, we identified prognostic classification based on molecular predictors, pathologic and molecular predictors, and compared their respective prognostic efficacy together with that of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Moreover, we investigated the prognostic significance of molecular classification in different TNM stage. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Six pathologic predictors (p) and 13 immunohistochemical predictors (m) were investigated in 221 colorectal carcinomas. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was done to group the data. Survival analysis was done by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and by multivariate COX proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Six pathologic predictors and four molecular predictors were of significant prognostic value (P Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/clasificación
, Adulto
, Anciano
, Anciano de 80 o más Años
, Análisis por Conglomerados
, Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética
, Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad
, Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología
, Femenino
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Análisis Multivariante
, Pronóstico
, Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales
, Receptores CXCR4/análisis
RESUMEN
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) is a gene identified as being low expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) cell lines. In the current study, we investigated the function of IGFBP7 in CRC by transfection studies. We found that IGFBP7 could inhibit cell growth, decrease soft agar colony formation activity and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells. Correlation analysis between the expression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue and the prognosis in 218 patients showed that high expression of IGFBP7 was associated with favorable prognosis. Based on above results, we conclude that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Proteínas de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/fisiología , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/fisiología , Adenocarcinoma/química , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Anciano , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/química , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Proteínas de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/análisis , Proteínas de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Sobrevida , Transfección , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 (IGFBP7) was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma (CRC) and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sodium PCR (BSP), we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon1. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Metilación de ADN , Proteínas de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Apoptosis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Exones , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Proteínas de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Transfección , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of clinical and pathomorphological parameters on the prognosis of colon carcinoma and rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard models were used to study the effects of the clinical and pathomorphological factors on the prognosis in 101 cases of colon carcinoma, 219 of rectal carcinoma and 137 of rectal carcinoma under curative resections. RESULT: By using univariate analysis, we identified that lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were the common prognostic factors for both colon carcinoma and rectal carcinoma. Smoking, deep infiltration, chemotherapy and serum albumin concentration were the uncertain prognostic factors for colon carcinoma. Signet-ring cell carcinoma, larger tumor size (>6 cm), deep infiltration, lack of radical surgery, and advanced TNM stage were the exclusive adverse prognostic factors for rectal carcinoma. Further studies showed that the adverse prognostic factors for the rectal carcinoma under curative resection included deep infiltration, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, less of peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration, lack of Crohn's like reactivity, high level of tumor budding, advanced TNM stage and positive urine glucose. By using multivariate analysis based on a COX proportional hazard model, it was identified that smoking, lymph node metastasis and serum albumin concentration were independent prognostic factors for colon carcinoma; advanced TNM stage, distant metastasis and palliative surgery for rectal carcinoma; and vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and urine glucose for rectal carcinoma under curative resections. CONCLUSION: The various clinical and pathomorphological parameters show different prognostic value for colon carcinoma, rectal carcinoma and rectal carcinoma under curative resections.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/patología , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of clinical and pathological-morphological parameters on the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used to study the influence of clinical and pathological-morphological factors on the prognosis in 226 colorectal carcinoma cases. RESULTS: Using univariate analysis, data showed that the factors significantly related to disease prognosis would include: the depth of direct spread, vessel invasion, perineural invasion, tumor budding, peritumoral-lymphocytic infiltration, Crohn-like reaction, number of positive lymph nodes, distant metastasis, TNM stage and urine glucose. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that six factors were identified to be associated with higher relative-risk (RR), including: older age, advanced TNM stage, more severe budding, perineural invasion, less peritumoral-lymphocytic infiltration and urine glucose. CONCLUSION: Age, TNM stage, tumor budding, perineural invasive, peritumoral-lymphocytic infiltration and urine glucose were independent predictors to the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.