RESUMEN
Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) typically fail to support the a priori 5-factor structure of Big Five self-report instruments, due in part to the overly restrictive CFA assumptions. We show that exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), an integration of CFA and exploratory factor analysis, overcomes these problems in relation to responses to the 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI) administered to a large Italian community sample. ESEM fitted the data better and resulted in less correlated factors than CFA, although ESEM and CFA factor scores correlated at near unity with observed raw scores. Tests of gender invariance with a 13-model taxonomy of full measurement invariance showed that the factor structure of the BFI is gender-invariant and that women score higher on Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. Through ESEM one could address substantively important issues about BFI psychometric properties that could not be appropriately addressed through traditional approaches.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Estadísticos , Inventario de Personalidad , Adulto , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Psicometría/métodos , Autoinforme , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-47 (IIP-47) is a brief and valid self-report measure for screening Personality Disorders (PDs). This study examined internal consistency, factor structure, criterion validity, temporal stability, and operating characteristics of the Italian version of the IIP-47 in two independent samples: PD subjects (n = 120) and nonclinical subjects (n = 475). Alpha coefficients ranged from .70 to .90. Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that the five-correlated-factor model reported in literature had the highest measurement invariance across the two groups. Criterion validity was supported by correlations among IIP-47 scale scores and scores on established measures of personality dimensions and pathology. Test-retest indices ranged from .71 to .95. PD subjects scored significantly higher than nonclinical subjects on all IIP-47 scales and cut-off scores for different levels of specificity and sensibility are reported. It is concluded that the psychometric properties of the original IIP-47 were preserved in its Italian version.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Interpersonales , Trastornos de la Personalidad/clasificación , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Inventario de Personalidad/normas , Personalidad , Humanos , Control Interno-Externo , Italia , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , TraduccionesRESUMEN
This study was designed to explore selected personality features of patients that are associated with clinicians' judgments about whom to refer to dynamic group psychotherapy versus individual therapy. Results suggested that an aspect of patients' adult attachment style, namely level of confidence and level of hostility, may have influenced the clinicians' judgments and decision making about treatment referrals.
Asunto(s)
Juicio , Pacientes/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Competencia Profesional , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Derivación y Consulta , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Personalidad/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The associations between personality disorders and adult attachment dimensions were assessed in a sample of 487 consecutively admitted psychiatric subjects. Canonical correlation analysis showed that two sets of moderately correlated canonical variates explained the correlations between personality disorders and adult attachment patterns. The first and second attachment variates closely resembled the avoidance and anxiety attachment dimensions, respectively. The first personality disorder variate was mainly characterized by avoidant, depressive, paranoid, and schizotypal personality disorders, whereas dependent, histrionic, and borderline personality disorders loaded on the second canonical variate. However, these linear combinations of personality disorders were different from those obtained from principal component analysis. The results extend previous studies linking personality disorders and attachment patterns and suggest the importance of focusing on specific constellations of symptoms associated with dimensions of insecurity.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Apego a Objetos , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Trastorno de Personalidad Histriónica/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Personalidad Histriónica/psicología , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Modelos Psicológicos , Análisis Multivariante , Trastorno de Personalidad Paranoide/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Personalidad Paranoide/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
To evaluate the association between history of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adulthood, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) was administered to 42 consecutively admitted BPD subjects, 94 consecutively admitted controls with any cluster B personality disorder (PD) diagnosis other than BPD, 38 consecutively admitted controls with any cluster A or cluster C PD diagnosis but no cluster B PD diagnosis, and 69 consecutively admitted controls with no PD diagnosis. A fourth control group was composed by 201 nonclinical volunteers. According to Dunn-Bonferroni contrasts, BPD subjects showed a significantly higher mean WURS total score compared to all control groups (minimum t = 7.93, maximum t = 11.63, all Ps <.001). These contrasts remained significant even controlling for potential confounders such as antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) diagnosis, gender, inpatient status, and axis I diagnoses. The results of this study seem to support the hypothesis of an association between history of childhood ADHD symptoms and adult BPD diagnosis.