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PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify certain parapharyngeal space tumours with specific characteristics that can be treated successfully through an endoscopically assisted transoral approach (EATA). METHODS: Nine patients with PPS tumours underwent surgery through an EATA between 2003 and 2021. All patients underwent clinical examination and fibrolaryngoscopy. Preoperative CT and/or MRI was performed on all patients. RESULTS: All the patients were successfully treated through an endoscopically assisted transoral approach. Histological examination revealed five pleomorphic adenomas, two schwannomas, one ectopic thyroid gland and one lipoma. The only long-term sequelae observed was Horner syndrome in the two schwannomas arising from the carotid space. The mean hospitalisation time was 2.6 days, while the mean follow-up time was of 9.7 years. CONCLUSIONS: An endoscopically assisted transoral approach (EATA) is a valid technique for treating benign capsulated tumours of the true PPS and some benign capsulated tumours of the superomedial aspect of the carotid space.

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INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of patients with far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO) has not yet been standardized. Patients with FAO are the candidates for stapes surgery or cochlear implant (CI). Although many surgeons consider stapes surgery as the first choice, other authors prefer CI because of the excellent hearing results. OBJECTIVE: The authors discuss their experience in the treatment of patients with FAO, potentially candidates for CI, who underwent stapedotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven adult patients with FAO underwent stapedotomy from 2006 to 2016. Pure-tone average (PTA) between 0.5-1-2-3 kHz and speech perception test with hearing aids were determined before and after stapedotomy. RESULTS: The results show a statistically significant improvement in air condition threshold (PTA) and satisfactory results with regard to speech recognition in 9 (81.8%) cases. Postoperative results are not influenced by the type of stapedotomy prosthesis employed and do not change during follow-up (3 years). CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest first performing stapes surgery in patients with FAO and reserving CI in case of failure.

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OBJECTIVES: We describe our experience with long process incus (LPI) necrosis in revision stapedotomy and discuss the different management methods proposed in the literature to identify surgical techniques that can lead to satisfactory results over time. METHODS: Twenty-two stapedotomy revisions, in 21 patients with the necrosis of the long process of the incus, are performed from 1997 to 2017. In cases of erosion or minimal necrosis of LPI, a new prosthesis of the same type or an angled prosthesis was applied higher on the residual incus stump. In cases of partial necrosis of LPI, a Donaldson type ventilation tube reshaped and placed on the residual incus stump to stabilize prosthesis, or glass ionomer bone cement was used. In cases of subtotal necrosis of LPI, a cup piston prosthesis in polycel was applied on incus residual stump. Pre- and postoperative (≥1 year) pure tone audiometry was performed for all cases. Air conduction threshold, bone conduction (BC) threshold, and air-bone gap (ABG) were documented according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Committee of Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, postoperative ABG was reduced to ≤10 dB in 13 (59%) cases and ≤20 dB in 19 (86.4%) cases. The mean postoperative ABG significantly decreased in each group. There was no significant change in postoperative BC thresholds, and there were no cases with postoperative SNHL. CONCLUSION: Excellent functional results can also be achieved in cases of long incus process necrosis. The choice of technique should be considered according to the degree of necrosis. Piston replacement with the same type or angled type prosthesis, in cases of erosion or minimal LPI necrosis, and modified Donaldson type ventilation tube, in cases of partial LPI necrosis, provided excellent hearing results.

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Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor (ESFT) is a rare neoplasm with a variable biological behavior that may occur almost everywhere in the body, as it has been reported in head and neck, back, retroperitoneum, inguinal region and more. The diagnosis of ESFT may be challenging, especially in case of its morphological rare variants such as giant cell-rich ESFT. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, poorly invasive, safe diagnostic technique, which is recently proving useful for the preoperative diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms. Herein we report a case of a FNAC diagnosis of giant cell-rich ESFT, focusing on its morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics, and showing how cytology may be an effective tool in the preoperative diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms, allowing the correct surgical management of the patient.

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