RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection is defined as an infection related to the surgical procedure in the area of manipulation occurring within the first 30 postoperative days. The diagnostic criteria include: purulent drainage, isolation of microorganisms, and signs of infection. AIMS: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and differences among the types of prophylactic regimens associated with hospital-acquired infections at the general surgery service of a tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The electronic case records of patients that underwent general surgery at a tertiary care hospital within the time frame of January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 were reviewed. A convenience sample of 728 patients was established and divided into the following groups: Group 1: n=728 for the epidemiologic study; Group 2: n=638 for the evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis; and Group 3: n=50 for the evaluation of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in the intensive care unit. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19 program, using the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 728 procedures were performed (65.9% were elective surgeries). Three hundred twelve of the patients were males and 416 were females. Only 3.98% of the patients complied with the recommended antimicrobial prophylaxis, and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains were found in the intensive care unit. DISCUSSION: A single prophylactic dose is effective, but adherence to this recommendation was not adequate. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic guidelines are not strictly adhered to in our environment. There was a significant association between the development of nosocomial infections from multidrug-resistant germs and admission to the intensive care unit.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Centros de Atención TerciariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis among employees of the National Institute of Nutrition (INNSZ) of Mexico City during July, 1994. METHODS: Employees who developed diarrhea or fever associated with gastrointestinal symptoms starting on July 14th were included for study as well as 50 healthy controls. A questionnaire was applied to all, and they also provided a stool sample, along with other 80 asymptomatic people (included the kitchen workers) in whom only stool culture was done. RESULTS: Ninety-seven employees that ate regularly at the Hospital's cafeteria were affected by the outbreak, and 67 of them (69%) could be evaluated. Most of them were nurses (34%), and handymen (27%). Most common symptoms were abdominal pain (97%), diarrhea (95%), nausea (91%), and fever (89%). Cultures from suspicious food items were all negative, but stool cultures from 10/70 cases were positive for Salmonella enteritidis vs. 0/133 in the controls. The ten S. enteritidis isolates resulted identical either by serotyping and by rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Cultures from all kitchen employees were negative for S. enteritidis. Breakfast meal on July 14th was associated with the development of gastroenteritis (61/67 cases vs 26/50 controls, p < 0.001), and particularly with an egg-covered meat plate (61/62 vs 13/26 controls, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak was probably caused by eggs contaminated with Salmonella, since no one of the kitchen personnel was found to be an asymptomatic carrier, and the implicated recipe allows for inappropriate cooking. Recommendations to improve cooking procedures must be added to the usual regulations to diminish the frequency of foodborne disease outbreaks in hospitals.