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BACKGROUND: Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is used as a conditioning method for athletes. However, the scientific evidence for its effects is still insufficient. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effects of transient WBC on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and the secretion of related hormones in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants in this study were six healthy adult men. WBC was performed for 3 min in a booth at a temperature in the range of -150 to -120 degree C, and measurements were taken immediately before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 60 min after WBC (Post60). For measurement of core body temperature (gastrointestinal temperature), participants ingested a capsule-type wireless temperature sensor. The body surface temperature was measured using a noncontact thermometer, and measurements were taken at four sites on the body surface (chest, abdomen, front of the thigh, and front of the lower thigh). Leukocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, hemoglobin, hematocrit, adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), erythropoietin, and HSP70 in the collected blood were measured. RESULTS: The results showed a decrease in body surface temperature and an increase in noradrenaline and ACTH immediately after WBC. In addition, the core body temperature decreased 60 min after WBC, accompanied by an increase in HSP70 expression. CONCLUSION: WBC may increase HSP70 expression via noradrenaline and ACTH. The results of this study suggest the usefulness of WBC in triggering protein synthesis and the maintenance of immune function after training. doi.org/10.54680/fr22210110512.
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Criopreservación , Crioterapia , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Crioterapia/métodos , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica , NorepinefrinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Statins are widely used to treat hyperlipidaemia. Their immunosuppressive effect has recently been confirmed in various immune mediated disease models. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on allergic inflammation, so the precise mechanisms of their actions against allergies have not been fully clarified. On the other hand, the role of interleukin (IL)17 in immune responses has been recently highlighted, but whether statins affect IL17 production has not been well studied. The effect of pravastatin on allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model was examined to elucidate the mechanism of action, focusing on its effect on IL17 production. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunised with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with OVA aerosol. Pravastatin was delivered by intraperitoneal injection during either sensitisation or the challenge. RESULTS: When delivered during systemic sensitisation, pravastatin suppressed OVA induced proliferation and production of Th2 type cytokines such as IL5 in spleen cells ex vivo and in vitro. IL17 production was also suppressed. Furthermore, pavastatin delivered during the inhalation of OVA attenuated eosinophilic airway inflammation, OVA specific IgE production in serum and OVA induced IL17 production in the thoracic lymph node. We also found that pravastatin attenuated the antigen presenting capacity of CD11c(+) cells obtained from the OVA challenged lung. CONCLUSION: Pravastatin suppresses the systemic sensitisation to allergen with downregulation of IL17 production. It also suppresses an ongoing immune response in the airway partly by suppressing antigen presentation in the lung. Therefore, statins could be a novel therapeutic option for treatment of asthma.
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Antígenos/inmunología , Bronquitis/inmunología , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Interleucina-17/biosíntesis , Pravastatina/farmacología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/inmunología , Animales , Bronquios/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ovalbúmina/farmacología , Bazo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disorder for which there is no effective treatment. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a critical role in provoking fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine but its effect on the fibrosing process is unclear. A study was undertaken to examine whether IL-10 affects the production and activation of TGF-beta and thus can attenuate the fibrosis. METHODS: Mice were given an intratracheal injection of bleomycin. On day 1 or 14, IL-10 gene was delivered by rapid intravenous injection of Ringer's solution containing plasmid. Two weeks after the plasmid injection the mice were examined for fibrosis. The effect of IL-10 on TGF-beta production by alveolar macrophages was assessed. RESULTS: Even when delivered during the fibrosing phase, IL-10 gene significantly suppressed the pathological findings, hydroxyproline content, and production of both active and total forms of TGF-beta1 in the lung. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that alveolar macrophages were one of the major sources of TGF-beta1 and IL-10 diminished the intensity of the staining. IL-10 also suppressed the expression of alphaV beta6 integrin, a molecule that plays an important role in TGF-beta activation, on lung epithelial cells. Alveolar macrophages from bleomycin injected mice produced TGF-beta1 spontaneously ex vivo, which was significantly suppressed by treatment of the mice in vivo or by treatment of the explanted macrophages ex vivo with IL-10. CONCLUSION: IL-10 suppresses the production and activation of TGF-beta in the lung and thus attenuates pulmonary fibrosis, even when delivered in the chronic phase.
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Bleomicina/toxicidad , Interleucina-10/administración & dosificación , Fibrosis Pulmonar/terapia , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Línea Celular , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Terapia Genética/métodos , Inmunohistoquímica , Integrina alfa6/farmacología , Interleucina-10/genética , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , PlásmidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous laser disk decompression (PLDD) is an effective treatment for bulging or protruding disk. The aim of this study was to present a method of PLDD for cervical disk hernia under CT guidance and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with radiculalgia caused by cervical disk hernia were treated overnight by PLDD. A laser fiber was inserted through an 18 G needle into the target disk under CT guidance. A Nd-Yag laser (1,064 nm) was used for ablation. A CT scan was obtained every 60 joule (J) at the slice of the target disk to visualize the vaporized area during the procedure. The Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score of cervical radiculopathy (full score 15) and MacNab criteria were used for assessment of treatment response. RESULTS: Puncture of the needle to the target disk was safely performed under CT guidance. The total dosage of laser ablation ranged from 120 to 500 J (average, 266 J). The overall success rate according to MacNab criteria was good in all cases. No complications were observed in our series. CONCLUSION: The CT-guided technique provides safe, accurate PLDD for cervical disk hernia. PLDD for cervical disk hernia shows promise in the management of radiculalgia.
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Vértebras Cervicales , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Terapia por Láser , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Femenino , Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In experimental models of bronchial asthma with mice, airway inflammation and increase in airway hyperreactivity (AHR) are induced by a combination of systemic sensitization and airway challenge with allergens. In this report, we present another possibility: that systemic antigen-specific sensitization alone can induce AHR before the development of inflammation in the airway. Male BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) by a combination of intraperitoneal injection and aerosol inhalation, and various parameters for airway inflammation and hyperreactivity were sequentially analyzed. Bronchial response measured by a noninvasive method (enhanced pause) and the eosinophil count and interleukin (IL)-5 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) gradually increased following the sensitization, and significant increase was achieved after repeated OVA aerosol inhalation along with development of histologic changes of the airway. In contrast, AHR was already significantly increased by systemic sensitization alone, although airway inflammation hardly developed at that time point. BALF IL-4 concentration and the expression of IL-4 mRNA in the lung reached maximal values after the systemic sensitization, then subsequently decreased. Treatment of mice with anti-IL-4 neutralizing antibody during systemic sensitization significantly suppressed this early increase in AHR. In addition, IL-4 gene-targeted mice did not reveal this early increase in AHR by systemic sensitization. These results suggest that an immune response in the lung in an early stage of sensitization can induce airway hyperreactivity before development of an eosinophilic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice and that IL-4 plays an essential role in this process. If this early increase in AHR does occur in sensitized human infants, it could be another therapeutic target for early prevention of the future onset of asthma.
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Asma/inmunología , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Alérgenos , Animales , Asma/fisiopatología , Humanos , Inflamación/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Sistema Respiratorio/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to obtain preliminary results of cryoablation of renal tumors by using a percutaneous approach guided by a horizontal open MRI system, and to assess the safety and efficacy of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients with renal tumors underwent percutaneous cryosurgery with local anesthesia using a horizontal open MRI system (AIRIS II, Hitachi Medical Corp., Tokyo, Japan). The size of the mass was radiographically documented as 4 cm or less in diameter. A 2- or 3-mm cryoprobe was advanced into the renal mass under real-time MR monitoring. Growth of the iceball during cryoablation was monitored by two-dimensional MR images. Follow-up dynamic CT and physical examination were done after two weeks and six weeks. RESULT: MR imaging demonstrated the iceballs as sharply marginated regions of signal loss that expanded and engulfed the renal mass with clear contrast between the iceball and surrounding tissue. Cryoablated tumors resolved, and there were no serious complications and no clinically significant changes during the procedures and follow-up study. CONCLUSION: In this limited clinical trial of percutaneous renal tumor surgery, cryoablation demonstrated its feasibility with minimal morbidity. Intraprocedual MR-guided cryosurgery can be used as a safe modality, although further studies are necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of this procedure.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Criocirugía , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Anciano , Biopsia , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Fluoroscopía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
An effective way to design well-fitting products is to analyse human body forms and to classify them into several groups. In the present study, a new method is proposed to analyse human body forms using the FFD (Free Form Deformation) technique. The FFD method is a way to deform the shapes of object smoothly by moving control lattice points set around the object. The reference body form is automatically deformed to coincide with the other body forms using the FFD method. The dissimilarity is defined by the movements of the control lattice points. The foot forms of 56 Japanese adult females were analysed with this method, and distributions for them were calculated using multi-dimensional scaling. The first axis contrasts feet with high dorsal arches and low dorsal arches, and the second axis is related to the antero-posterior proportion of the foot. As an application of the present method, a last of width EEEE was designed from an existing last of width E by applying the control lattice points that converted a representative foot of width E into a foot of width EEEE. The new EEEE width last reflected the allometric differences between narrow and wide feet better than one obtained by a conventional method. It was found that the present method with FFD is not only useful for classifying 3-D human body forms, but also has potential as applications for designing well-fitting products.
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Simulación por Computador , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Ergonomía/instrumentación , Pie/anatomía & histología , Zapatos , Adulto , Antropometría , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
We investigated the in vivo effects of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on epithelial cell proliferation in normal mouse lung and on the repair process that follows bleomycin-induced lung injury. Intratracheal administration of 100 micrograms of rhHGF to C57BL/6 mice led to proliferation of bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells as indicated by an increased number of cells staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The effect of HGF on the lung repair process was examined by administration of 100 micrograms of rhHGF on Day 3 and Day 6 after intratracheal injection of bleomycin to mice. We found that HGF significantly attenuated collagen accumulation induced by bleomycin as determined by quantitation of hydroxyproline content and by scoring of the extent of fibrosis. To explore the potential mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of HGF, we performed in vitro studies with A549 pulmonary epithelial cells and found that HGF enhanced cell surface plasmin generation, expression of u-PA activity, and cell migration. In summary, HGF has potent in vivo and in vitro effects on epithelial cells, which suggests it may have a role in the therapy of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/farmacología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antibacterianos , Bleomicina , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/metabolismo , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/administración & dosificación , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/análisis , Humanos , Hidroxiprolina/análisis , Inmunohistoquímica , Pulmón/química , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
With thrombosis a major cause of death in Japan and the Western world, thrombin-inhibitory agents that constrain the formation of fibrin are sought. We screened for basidiomycetes showing anti-thrombin activity and isolated Laetiporus sulphureus. However, it was difficult to cultivate and its form was not satisfactory. We therefore used protoplast fusion between L. sulphureus and the commonly cultivated basidiomycete Hypsizygus marmoreaus to obtain cultivable basidiomycetes that produced an anti-thrombin substance. For the protoplast fusion of L. sulphureus and H. marmoreaus, the protoplast concentration, alternating electric field intensity, dielectrophoresis duration, and field pulse intensity used were of 1 x 10(7) protoplasts/ml, 100 V/cm.1 MHz, 60 s, and 8 kV/cm, respectively. The number of regenerated colonies obtained was 4961, from which 43 strains were selected for electrophoretic analysis. Four of the fusants were found to have a band from each parent in isozyme patterns obtained using their crude extract. The fruiting bodies of the fusants were very similar to those of H. marmoreaus. Crude extract from each of the fusants and from L. sulphureus showed anti-coagulative activity in terms of the thrombin clotting time. We thus obtained improved basidiomycetes that produce an anti-thrombin substance, are easily cultivated, and whose form resembles H. marmoreaus, a commonly used culinary mushroom.
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Several MR parameters are sensitive to temperature change, notably, T1 relaxation time, proton phase shift (PPS) and diffusion coefficient. The PPS method has been considered for temperature monitoring during laser ablation owing to its tissue-independence and its ability to be used with a mid-magnetic field. Using the PPS method, we experimentally evaluated MR temperature monitoring with a 0.3T open-type MR scanner. Temperature change was reproducibly described as color mapping image. The PPS method was suitable for MR temperature monitoring in interventional MRI.
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Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Fantasmas de Imagen , Temperatura , ProtonesRESUMEN
In the repair process after lung injury, the regeneration of alveolar epithelial cells plays an important role by covering the damaged alveolar wall and preventing the activated fibroblasts from invading the intra- alveolar spaces. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen for alveolar epithelial cells and has been reported to be capable of repressing the fibrosing process by connecting to the c-Met/HGF receptor on alveolar epithelial cells. However, it has been reported that the c-Met expression was downregulated in an acute phase of lung injury, which may limit the effect of HGF for therapeutic use. In the present study we observed that interferon (IFN)-gamma upregulates the c-Met messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. We analyzed the mechanism of this upregulation and found that IFN-gamma enhances the transcription of the c-met proto-oncogene, and that it does not prolong the stability of the c-Met mRNA. HGF is known to act as a motogen as well as a mitogen for epithelial cells. We also found that the migratory activity of A549 cells induced by HGF is strongly enhanced by preincubation with IFN-gamma. Finally, we administered recombinant IFN-gamma to C57BL/6 mice and confirmed that this upregulation is also observed in vivo. These results suggest that the combination of HGF and IFN-gamma could be a new therapeutic approach for fibrosing pulmonary diseases.
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Interferón gamma/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Alveolos Pulmonares/efectos de los fármacos , Alveolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular , Quimiotaxis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/farmacología , Humanos , Lesión Pulmonar , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Proto-Oncogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Displasia Fibrosa Poliostótica/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Radiografía , CintigrafíaRESUMEN
In the present report, we show that the enhanced pause (Penh), a novel indicator of airway responsiveness to bronchoconstrictors, can also be a good marker of airway response to an allergen challenge in a murine model of asthma. Male BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) through a combination of intraperitoneal injection and aerosol inhalation. After this immunization, the OVA-specific IgE titer in serum increased to a significantly higher level than in a saline/PBS-treated control group. After the final OVA aerosol challenge, Penh was repeatedly measured in conscious, unrestrained mice, according to the time schedule. Penh increased gradually after the challenge and reached a maximal value at 24 hours that was significantly higher than the control value (p < 0.01). Histologic examination of the lung revealed airway inflammation with an invasion by eosinophils and lymphocytes from vessels into the peribronchial interstitium and the mucosal and submucosal areas of the bronchus. There was a strong correlation between the Penh value and eosinophil number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r = 0.699, p < 0.0001). Moreover, Penh also correlated strongly with the intensity score of histologic findings. These results suggest that the bronchial response to a specific allergen could be followed in a particular individual through the noninvasive Penh method, and that Penh accurately reflects the intensity of eosinophilic bronchial inflammation. This system would be applicable to a noninvasive, chronological evaluation of various experimental interventions in a murine model of asthma.
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Alérgenos/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Bronquios/inmunología , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Eosinófilos/citología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Extensive tissue remodeling occurs in survivors of acute lung injury, leading to nearly normal histology and physiology in the majority of individuals, whereas others suffer significant impairment due to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Alveolar epithelial cells play a central role in the repair process. They are strategically located to directly participate in the solubilization of intraalveolar fibrin deposits, and have the capacity to promote fibrinolysis. We have previously reported that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), an important inflammatory mediator in acute lung injury, upregulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression by human A549 cells (1). In this work, we show that IL-1 beta increases cell-surface plasmin generation, mediated in part by increased expression of urokinase receptor (u-PAR). Northern blot analyses demonstrated that IL-1 beta rapidly induces accumulation of u-PAR messenger RNA (mRNA) in a dose-dependent fashion, and that this effect is blocked by actinomycin. The IL-1 beta-mediated increase in u-PAR mRNA is inhibited by: (1) the relatively specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors 1-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) and calphostin C; and (2) prolonged pretreatment of cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), suggesting that PKC is an important component of the signaling pathway. Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases, markedly potentiates the effect of IL-1 beta on u-PAR mRNA levels. In contrast, dexamethasone, in concentrations as low as 10(-8) M, completely blocks the IL-1 beta-mediated increase in u-PAR mRNA. Half-life experiments show that dexamethasone has no effect on u-PAR mRNA stability. Aldosterone, at concentrations in which it binds primarily to the mineralocorticoid receptor, has no effect on u-PAR expression, suggesting that the glucocorticoid effect is due to a transrepressive mechanism. In summary, IL-1 beta increases cell-surface plasmin generation in A549 cells by coordinately upregulating urokinase and u-PAR expression. Transcriptional activation of the u-PAR gene involves PKC-dependent mechanisms, and glucocorticoid suppression is probably due to interactions between the glucocorticoid receptor and another transcriptional activating system such as activator protein-1 (AP-1) and/or nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB).
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Interleucina-1/farmacología , Pulmón/citología , Activadores Plasminogénicos/genética , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética , Northern Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Células Epiteliales , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/enzimología , Fibrinolisina/biosíntesis , Fibrinolisina/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/farmacología , Pulmón/química , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Activadores Plasminogénicos/efectos de los fármacos , Activadores Plasminogénicos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Receptores del Activador de Plasminógeno Tipo Uroquinasa , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Transcripción Genética/inmunología , Regulación hacia Arriba/inmunologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the relationship between argyophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) and the histologic effects of preoperative chemotherapy or external radiation on oral squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma that were treated with chemotherapy (pepleomycin or 5-FU) or 60Co external radiation were studied. Biopsies were done on the tumor sites before therapy and the number of AgNORs per nucleus was recorded. After therapy, the tumors were resected and the therapeutic effects were assessed histologically. RESULTS: The number of AgNORs per nucleus before therapy ranged from 4.7 to 12.45 (mean +/- SD, 8.71 +/- 2.26). As the number of AgNORs per nucleus increased, the histological effects of preoperative therapy were enhanced. It was 5.75 +/- 0.77 in cases with a poor histological effect of preoperative treatment, 8.03 +/- 1.85 in cases with a mild histological effect, 9.09 +/- 1.85 in the moderate histological effect group, and 10.46 +/- 1.56 in the excellent histological effect group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that AgNORs could be used to predict the effects of preoperative radiation and chemotherapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Región Organizadora del Nucléolo/efectos de los fármacos , Región Organizadora del Nucléolo/efectos de la radiación , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de la radiación , Replicación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación del ADN/efectos de la radiación , ADN de Neoplasias/efectos de los fármacos , ADN de Neoplasias/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Boca/terapia , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Pronóstico , Tinción con Nitrato de PlataRESUMEN
99mTc-DTPA aerosol permeates the alveolar membrane by an intercellular pathway. Measurement of the clearance rate of 99mTc-DTPA aerosol is useful for assessing injury of the lung epithelium. Pertechnegas (P-gas) is also used to assess epithelial permeability, but its clearance is too rapid to evaluate lung epithelial permeability. The aims of this study were first to generate 99mTc-DTPA fine aerosol (D-gas), second to characterize D-gas by radiochromatography and an in vivo study in the rat, and third to investigate the clinical significance of D-gas in comparison with 99mTc-DTPA aerosol and P-gas. We generated D-gas in a chamber with an atmosphere of 3% oxygen and 97% argon inside the Technegas Generator. The clearance half-time of D-gas was 19.8 +/- 4.0 min in eight normal non-smoker subjects, 12.0 +/- 2.8 min in four smoker subjects, and 31 +/- 11.2 min in three with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). In radiochromatography, the development of D-gas was the same as that of P-gas and different from that of 99mTc-DTPA solution. In the in vivo study using a rat, the distribution of intravenously injected D-gas solution was the same as that of 99mTcO4-, but different from that of 99mTc-DTPA solution. These results suggest that 99mTc-DTPA separates to free 99mTcO4- in the chamber of the Technegas Generator and that D-gas behaves in the same manner as P-gas. In conclusion, D-gas has no clinical significance for the assessment of epithelial permeability.
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Pentetato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/farmacocinética , Aerosoles , Animales , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Epitelio/metabolismo , Semivida , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Alveolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Cintigrafía , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Pertecnetato de Sodio Tc 99m/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The uptake of Tc-99m hexakis 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) was evaluated in 18 patients with various lung or mediastinal lesions by SPECT. The patients consisted of seven with lung cancers, three with lung cancers who were treated with chemotherapy and were disease free, and one each with malignant lymphoma, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer involving the mediastinum, malignant thymoma, pneumonia, granuloma, sarcoidosis and neurinoma. SPECT imaging (30 min, 600 MBq) was performed after intravenous injection. Strong uptake of 99mTc-MIBI was noted in all malignant tumors except malignant lymphoma. The mean tumor to normal lung tissue uptake ratio (T/N ratio) was 2.26. The mean in lung cancer was 2.31. Slight accumulation was present in pneumonia and granuloma (mean T/N = 1.24). No accumulation was present in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and neurinoma. Moderate uptake was noted in one case of sarcoidosis (T/N = 1.46). No abnormal accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI was seen in post-therapeutic lung cancer. These results suggested that 99mTc-MIBI SPECT could be useful in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions.
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Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Tecnecio Tc 99m Sestamibi , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-2 receptor-alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in spleen cells from NZB/NZW F1) mice following the stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) was examined by Northern blot analysis. Kinetic patterns of the mRNA expression after the stimulation were not different between 2-month-old and 6 to 8-month-old B/W F1 mice. However, relative mRNA expression of IL-2 to a cytoskeletal protein, alpha-Tubulin was lower in 6 to 8-month-old B/W F1 mice than in 2-month-old mice. Similar but not significant tendency was observed in IL-2R mRNA expression. In contrast, Relative IL-4 mRNA expression in 6 to 8-month-old B/W F1 mice was significantly higher than that in 2-month-old animals. On the other hand, no apparent change was observed in IFN-gamma mRNA expression. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that there was no apparent difference in proportion of L3T4 positive T cells in spleen cells from 2 and 6 to 8-month-old B/W F1 mice. These results suggest that mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-4 differentially changes with aging in autoimmune B/W F1 mice.
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Citocinas/genética , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Factores de Edad , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-4/genética , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos NZBRESUMEN
A 26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of cavitary lesions on his chest X-ray film. Chest CT and conventional tomograms showed multiple cavities in both lung fields, as well as hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He had uveitis and the laboratory data showed a high level of angiotensin converting enzyme in the serum. Histological findings of the specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy showed non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma, consistent with sarcoidosis. Corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 40 mg/day) resulted in reduction of the cavitary lesions and the lymphadenopathy. Negative bacteriological studies and the clinical course strongly suggested primary cavitation, a relatively rare form of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in sarcoidosis.
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Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumotórax/complicaciones , Sarcoidosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , Radiografía , Sarcoidosis Pulmonar/complicacionesRESUMEN
TFC-612, methyl 6-[((1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-1-nonenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]-thio]-hexanoate, inhibited the progression of the lesion in a lauric acid-induced peripheral arterial occlusive model at 1.0 mg/kg p.o. or 1.0 microgram/rat/h s.c. in rats. Aspirin (32 mg/kg, p.o.), an anti-platelet drug, did not suppress the lesion growth. On the other hand, ketanserin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), a 5-HT2 antagonist, also inhibited the progression of the lesion. In vitro, TFC-612 inhibited rat platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP with IC50 values of 5.4 ng/mL and 9.5 ng/mL, respectively. Aspirin also inhibited collagen-induced aggregation with an IC50 value of 6.3 micrograms/mL, but not ADP-induced aggregation at 180 micrograms/mL. Ketanserin had no effect on either aggregation at 40 micrograms/mL. In ex vivo experiments, aspirin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen at 10 and 32 mg/kg in rats. However, TFC-612 showed significant inhibition only at 10 mg/kg. TFC-612 and ketanserin increased dermal blood flow in the rat paw at 1.0 microgram/kg i.v. and 100 micrograms/kg i.v., respectively. Aspirin had no effect on blood flow at 3.2 mg/kg i.v. These results suggest that the improvement of microcirculation, in addition to anti-platelet action by TFC-612, contributes to its inhibitory effect in a peripheral arterial occlusive model in rats.