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Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material in dentistry, leveraging its exceptional properties. This study evaluates the physicochemical attributes of GO and elucidates its derived biological properties. These encompass biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, as well as its influence on osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between the physicochemical and biological aspects of GO provides valuable insights into its potential applications in various dental contexts. Materials and methods The study group (so; titanium discs surface coated with GO) and the control group (co; plain/uncoated machined titanium discs) were divided based on cell attachment and cell proliferation assays (n=60). These groups were further divided into subgroups (n=30) based on the tested time intervals, specifically 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The study and controlgroups were further subdivided into three subgroups (n=10) based on the microorganisms tested i.e Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacteria nucleatum. Results The results of this in vitro study suggest that GO-coated titanium dental implants have both increased osteogenic potential and antimicrobial efficacy. Graphene has good potential as a promising alternative to traditional surface treatments, and a graphene-coated implant can be used for enhanced osseointegration.  Conclusion The osteogenic potential and the cell attachment were higher on titanium surfaces coated with GO nanoparticles when compared to plain titanium discs at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.

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AIM: The present study aimed to carry out DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to isolate the physiological and phenotypic traits of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis in denture wearer patients with and without denture-induced stomatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total sample size of 160 participants were divided into two equal groups (80 each), patients in the study group having 40 males and 40 females with Newton type II denture stomatitis, and in the control group, healthy 40 males and 40 females those who wear complete denture were selected. All the samples were collected from the hard palate with a sterile swab and inoculated on CHROM agar plate; samples that displayed dark green colored colonies were selected for DNA extraction. DNA isolation was done on agarose gel using electrophoresis. Biorad gene identification was used. Strands depicting the presence of DNA in particular samples were identified, and further standardization of the procedure was done. PCR amplification was done using Candida species-specific primer, preset to the hyphal wall of the protein 1 gene with the CRR forward and reverse primers, under strict standard conditions with reverse transcriptase technique. RESULTS: Results showed that prevalence of C. albicans was more in females with denture stomatitis which was 67.50% than in males, i.e., 52.50%, and prevalence of C. dubliniensis was found in one female and in one male who were having denture stomatitis and it was not isolated from patients without denture stomatitis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test. CONCLUSION: Denture stomatitis is the most common problem faced by long-term denture wearers, with C. albicans as one of the causative organisms. However, recent findings show an emerging pathogenic yeast species, C. dubliniensis, which was isolated from denture-induced stomatitis candidates in the present study, which is closely related to the C. albicans species. The identification of candidal strains causing denture stomatitis with DNA extraction and PCR amplification and its management by determination of its susceptibility to antifungals may improve the treatment outcome of the same. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Candidiasis is the most frequently seen mucocutaneous infection of the oral cavity especially in denture wearers. It is caused mainly by the genus Candida. C. dubliniensis is phenotypically similar but genotypically different from C. albicans. This affects the treatment outcome drastically as there is enough literature suggesting resistance to the common antifungal drugs. Hence, drugs like fungus-specific calcineurin inhibitors should also be considered in resistant patients. Therefore, DNA identification of Candida genus plays a major role in deciding the treatment outcome. How to cite this article: Patil A, Boparai NK, Shankargouda SB, et al. Candida dubliniensis: The New Culprit on the Block Causing Denture Stomatitis? An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021;22(5):517-521.

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Candidiasis , Estomatitis Subprotética , Candida/genética , Candida albicans/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to evaluate the Colonization & Inhibition of Candida albicans in selected commercially available denture lining materials material by mixing them with varying concentrations and doses of tea tree oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five test discs of 10mm diameter and 1.5mm thickness were prepared using commercially available soft denture lining materials (Viscogel and GC-soft). Tea tree oil of varying concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) and doses (0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 1.5 ml, 2.0 ml) were added during manipulation. Test discs kept in sterile artificial saliva were inoculated with Candida albicans (ATCC-2091 strain) and incubated for 6 weeks. These discs were fixed, dehydrated air dried and stained using 0.03% acridine orange stain and observed under Fluorescent microscope to count the colonies on the surface of each disc to evaluate the colonization. To evaluate inhibition, test discs were placed on the top of Sabouraud's dextrose agar inoculated with Candida albicans (ATCC-2091 strain). After incubation at 370C for 48 hours, the zone of Inhibition formed around the samples was measured. RESULTS: The GC soft liner had higher mean colonization and lesser zone of inhibition of C.albicans when compared to Visco-gel soft liner (P < 0.001) and highest zone of inhibition observed with 2 ml volume and 40% vol/vol concentration of melaleuca alternifolia (P < 0.05). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: By the addition of Tea Tree oil, Viscogel had good acquired good antifungal properties than GC-soft lining materials.

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease that is usually detected in 0.5-2.2% of the human population. Among these, only 0.5-2.9% of the lesions progress to carcinoma. However, there are no prognostic markers available presently to recognize the increased risk in malignant transformation of the lesions. Selected markers for cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and lymphocytic infiltration were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in addition to static cytometry for DNA content. The concept linking OLP and oral squamous cell carcinoma states that chronic inflammation results in crucial DNA damage, which further progresses to development of carcinoma. Even though in the past decade, enormous information has been accumulated on malignant potential of OLP, its transformation still remains unclear. Hence, the purpose of this article was to review cellular and molecular markers to understand the pathogenesis of OLP and its progression toward malignancy.