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OBJECTIVE: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most common mental health problems and growing public-health issues, coupled with a significant population-level burden among adolescents in both developed and developing countries. We aimed to assess the role of endogenous opioid system-emotion regulation circuitry in NSSI through measurement of plasma beta-endorphin (ß-EP), met-enkephalin (MENK) levels, and determination of psychometric features of Turkish adolescent subjects. METHOD: In this research, we measured plasma ß-EP and MENK levels of 49 adolescents with NSSI and 39 control subjects without NSSI between the ages of 12-18 years. All adolescent subjects were observed in the outpatient clinic, and their clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were examined. All subjects were assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Inventory of Statements About Self Injury (ISAS). RESULTS: Plasma ß-EP levels were statistically lower in adolescents with NSSI than control group, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in MENK levels. ß-EP levels showed a negative correlation with depression severity. The data obtained from BSI and ISAS were not found to be associated with both ß-EP and MENK levels, while subscale scores exhibited versatile correlations. CONCLUSION: Our findings supported the salient role of ß-EP in NSSI behavior. Also, decreased plasma ß-EP could be assessed as a reliable indicator for NSSI. However, it is possible that measurement of basal plasma levels of neuropeptides might also bring many confounders and could cause bias. Therefore, repeated measurements of plasma-endogenous opioid neuropeptides in a time-dependent manner-concomitant to engage of NSSI behavior-might give more reliable results.
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Regulación Emocional , Neuropéptidos , Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Psicometría , Analgésicos Opioides , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the effects of blunt lung trauma performed in experimental rat model on lung tissue and blood as well as proinflammatory cytokines, oxidant-antioxidant enzymes and histopathological parameters after Ngamma-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine administration. METHODS: The study included 50 adult male Wistar albino rats (weighing 350 to 400 g). Rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Except in the control, moderate-level pulmonary contusion was created in all other groups. Intraperitoneal saline solution was performed in groups 1 and 2, 25 mg.kg-1 Ngamma-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in group 3, and 20 mg.kg-1 N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine in group 4. Blood and lung tissues were studied biochemically and histopathologically. RESULTS: Best outcomes were recorded statistically significantly in groups with administration of Ngamma-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine when malondialdehyde response, mucous and histopathological values were examined. Significant improvement was detected in superoxide dismutase values in the group with administration of competitive nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Ngamma-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Nitric oxide values were substantially decreased in N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine group, while no significance was detected. CONCLUSION: Free oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation played a role in pulmonary contusion after blunt lung trauma. According to biochemical and histopathological outcomes, effects of inflammation were decreased and protective effects were formed with administration of both Ngammanitro- L-arginine methyl ester and N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine.
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Although non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is widely seen in men, most laboratory studies of new intravesical therapies to prevent NMIBC have been conducted on female animals. In addition, ozone (O3) has been shown to be a beneficial agent as an intravesical application in the treatment of various disorders. In the current study, we evaluated the immunohistopathological and oxidative-antioxidative effects of intravesical O3 treatment on n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced NMIBC. Male Wistar-Albino rats (n=51) were divided into four groups: sham (n=6), O3 only (n=15), MNU only (n=15), and MNU+O3 (n=15). The MNU-only and MNU+O3 groups received MNU, and the O3-only group received saline every other week for 10 weeks. The MNU-only group received 1 ml saline in place of O3 treatment, whereas the O3-only and MNU+O3 groups were treated with 1 ml 25 µg/ml O3 between the 7th and 12th weeks. Rat bladders were collected in the 15th week for immunohistopathology and oxidant-antioxidant quantitation. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters were determined by ELISA. Although all surviving rats in the MNU-only group had preneoplastic (4/11, 36.4%) or neoplastic changes (7/11, 63.6%), a completely normal urothelium was observed in 2 rats (2/12, 16.7%) in the MNU+O3-group (P=0.478). More high-grade lesions were observed in the MNU-only group (4/11, 36.4%) than in the MNU+O3 group (1/12, 8.3%) (P=0.120). All oxidant-antioxidant parameters significantly increased (P<0.05) in the O3-only group compared with the sham group. However, only antioxidant superoxide dismutase was remarkably higher (178.9%, P=0.060) in the MNU+O3 group compared with the MNU-only group. This is the first methodologically and pathologically well-described male rat orthotopic bladder carcinogenesis model with intravesical MNU and administration of O3 in NMIBC.
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Metilnitrosourea/efectos adversos , Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/administración & dosificación , Ozono/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/prevención & control , Administración Intravesical , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
This study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RES) on doxorubicin (DXR) induced rat bone marrow cell chromosome aberrations. RES, a polyphenolic compound, has attracted considerable attention because of its antioxidant and antimutagenic effects. DXR, a chemotherapeutic agent, is known to cause chromosomal aberrations in healthy cells in cancer patients. In this study, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 6 groups with 6 animals each. The control group received distilled water i.p. and the DXR group received an i.p. injection of doxorubicin (90mg/kgbw). For the 2 RES dose groups (12.5 and 25mg/kgbw, respectively), RES was injected i.p. 5 times during the 24h study period to coincide with the schedule for the DXR+RES groups. The DXR-RES groups received DXR (90mg/kgbw) and RES at either 12.5 or 25mg/kgbw, i.p. 30min before, concurrently, and then every 6h after DXR administration. Bone marrow collection was timed to coincide with 24h after DXR administration in all groups. RES administration alone did not induce any significant increase in frequency of chromosome aberrations or abnormal metaphases compared with controls (p>0.05) while DXR alone did (p<0.05). In the DXR-RES 12.5mg/kgbw group, frequency of chromosome aberrations and abnormal metaphases were slightly reduced compared to DXR alone, but this was not statistically significant. However, in the DXR-RES 25mg/kgbw group, RES resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and abnormal metaphases compared to those induced by DXR alone (p<0.05). These results indicate that RES (25mg/kgbw) significantly reduces frequency of DXR induced chromosome damage in bone marrow cells.
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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/inducido químicamente , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Estilbenos/farmacocinética , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Células de la Médula Ósea/patología , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Masculino , Metafase/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , ResveratrolRESUMEN
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effects of VNS in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model of ischemia based on behavioral, morphological, and molecular approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), I/R+VNS, and sham (for I/R). Each group was further divided into two subgroups for the assessment of neurological deficits and infarct area, or biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress. RESULTS: The infarct area and neurological scores were significantly lower in I/R+VNS group compared with the I/R group. MDA levels were significantly higher in I/R group compared to control and I/R+VNS groups in the cortical and subcortical specimens. There were also betweengroup differences in terms of GSH levels. GSH levels were higher in sham group compared with and I/R and I/R+VNS groups in cortical specimens whereas these levels for lower in I/R group compared to control and I/R+VNS groups in the subcortical specimens. SOD activity was higher in control group compared to I/R and I/R+VNS groups both in the cortical and subcortical specimens. There was no difference between I/R and I/R+VNS groups in neither cortical nor subcortical specimens. CONCLUSION: The neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of VNS suggest its efficacy as a potential anti-ischemic treatment.
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Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Daño por Reperfusión/terapia , Estimulación del Nervio Vago , Animales , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatología , Infarto Cerebral/terapia , Colorantes , Electrodos Implantados , Glutatión/metabolismo , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/terapia , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sales de TetrazolioRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to examine blood and tissue levels of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and their correlations with well-known prognostic indicators [total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), %free/total PSA (%f/t PSA), pathological stage (pT), and Gleason sum] in patients who had radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for localized prostate cancer (PCa) without metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preoperatively 31 patients' bloods were obtained for determination of NO, MDA, fPSA, tPSA, and %f/tPSA ratios. Tissues were obtained from RRP specimens for determination of NO and MDA. Gleason sum was assigned for each patient, and pT was determined according to 2002 TNM staging system. pTs were as follows: 10 pT2a, 7 pT2b, 8 pT2c, 4 pT3a, and 2 pT3b. Gleason sum of the PCa in the RRP specimens was as follows: 5 in 1, 6 in 14, 7 in 14, and 9 in 2 patients. RESULTS: There were strong correlations between blood and tissue levels of NO (r=0.83, p<0.001) and MDA (r=0.63, p<0.001), between serum NO and plasma MDA (r=0.88, p<0.001), and finally between tissue NO and tissue MDA (r=0.83, p<0.001). There was also a significant (p<0.05) relationship between all well-known prognostic indicators of PCa (tPSA, %f/tPSA, Gleason sum, and pT) and blood and tissue NO and MDA levels, with single exception of correlation between tissue MDA and Gleason sum (p=0.073). CONCLUSION: Clinically appropriate correlations shown in this study indicates that NO and MDA may be used for prognostic assessment of localized PCa, especially if supported with other well-designed studies including higher number of patients through multi-institutional collaboration.
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Malondialdehído/análisis , Óxido Nítrico/análisis , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/química , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: the aim of our study was to evaluate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in liver and kidney tissues in a rat model of convulsive seizure induced by single and repeated doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and sound stimulation with key ringing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: male Wistar adult rats (n=48), were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into six groups: (1) Single Seizure Control Group (SS-Control; n=8), (2) Repeated Seizures Control Group (RS-Control; n=8), (3) PTZ induced Single Seizure Group (SS-PTZ Group; n=8), (4) PTZ induced Repeated Seizures Group (RS- PTZ Group; n=8), (5) Key-Ringing Induced Single Seizure Group (SS-KEY Group; n=8), (6) Key-Ringing Induced Repeated Seizures Group (RS-KEY Group; n=8). Following injections rats were observed for seizure activity for 30 min. Animals were sacrificed 24h after induced seizure (single or last seizure) or saline administration. MDA, NO, GSH levels and SOD activities were determined in liver and kidney tissues. RESULTS: there was no significant difference between SS-Control and RS-Control groups, SS-PTZ and SS-KEY groups, and RS-PTZ and RS-KEY groups (p>0.05) in none of the examined 4 parameters in liver and kidney tissues. The liver and kidney levels of MDA and NO in SS-PTZ group were found to be significantly higher than the SS-Control group (p<0.05). In SS-KEY group, the liver and kidney levels of MDA and NO were found to be significantly higher and GSH levels were significantly lower than the SS-Control group (p<0.05). While liver and kidney levels of MDA in RS-PTZ group and RS-KEY group were found to be significantly higher than the RS-Control group (p<0.05), liver and kidney GSH levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). The liver levels of NO in RS-PTZ group and RS-KEY group were found to be significantly higher than the RS-Control group (p<0.05). Kidney SOD activities in RS-PTZ group and RS-KEY group were found to be significantly lower than the RS-Control group (p<0.05). When RS-PTZ group is compared with the SS-PTZ group, the liver SOD activity and kidney NO level were found to be significantly lower in the RS-PTZ group (p<0.05). While the liver NO level and GSH level in RS-KEY group were significantly higher than the SS-KEY group, SOD activity was significantly lower in the RS-KEY group (p<0.05). When RS-KEY group was compared with SS-KEY group, the kidney NO level and SOD activity were found to be significantly lower in the RS-KEY group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: in conclusion, key-ringing or PTZ induced single and repeated seizures result in increased oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Glutatión/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Convulsiones/patología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Estimulación Acústica/efectos adversos , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Convulsivantes/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Pentilenotetrazol/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Convulsiones/etiologíaRESUMEN
This study was designed to examine the effects of erdosteine on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Thirty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups, bleomycin alone (BLM), bleomycin + erdosteine (BLM + ERD), and saline alone (control). The BLM and BLM + ERD groups, were given 2.5 mg/kg BLM intratracheally. The first dose of oral erdosteine (10 mg/kg/day) in the BLM + ERD group was started 2 days before BLM administration and continued until animals were sacrificed. Animals were sacrificed 14 days after intratracheal instillation of BLM. The effect of erdosteine on pulmonary fibrosis was studied by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, histopathology, and biochemical measurements of lung tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) as antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index for lipid peroxidation, and nitrite/nitrate levels. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis as determined by lung histology was prevented with erdosteine (grades of fibrosis were 4.9, 2.3, and 0.2 in BLM, BLM + ERD, and control groups, respectively). Erdosteine also prevented bleomycin-induced increase in MDA (MDA levels were 0.50 +/- 0.15, 0.11 +/- 0.02, and 0.087+/- 0.03 nmol/mg protein in BLM, BLM + ERD, and control groups, respectively) and nitrite/nitrate (nitrite/nitrate levels were 0.92 +/- 0.06, 0.60 +/- 0.09, and 0.56+/- 0.1 micromol/mg protein in BLM, BLM + ERD, and control groups respectively) levels. Bleomycin-induced decrease in GSH and SOD levels in the lung tissue also prevented by erdosteine [(GSH levels were 213.5 +/- 12.4, 253.2+/- 25.2, and 287.9+/- 34.4 nmol/mg protein) (SOD levels were 1.42+/- 0.12, 1.75+/- 0.17, and 1.89+/- 0.09 U/mg protein) in BLM, BLM + ERD, and control groups respectively]. Erdosteine prevented bleomycin-induced increases in total cell number and neutrophil content of the BAL fluid. In conclusion, oral erdosteine is effective in prevention of BLM-induced lung fibrosis in rats possibly via the repression of neutrophil accumulation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and maintenance of antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties.
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Bleomicina/toxicidad , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Tioglicolatos/uso terapéutico , Tiofenos/uso terapéutico , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/patología , Animales , Biomarcadores , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cisplatin (DDP, cis-diamminedichloroplatinium II) is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs, but is able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and it also inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes in renal tissue. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effect of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. doses of vitamin E (VE), and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.w. doses of vitamin A (VA) combination on malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cisplatin-induced toxicity in rat kidneys. Our literature survey indicated a lack of any experimental study showing the beneficial effect of VA on cisplatin-induced MDA, NO, GSH and SOD changes. For this reason, we hoped that this study would provide a unique contribution in that respect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 59 Wistar rats (11 to replace prematurely lost animals) were used. 48 evaluable rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 6 in each group): control group, DDP alone (5 mg/kg b.w.) group, 3 VE combination treatment groups of VE100+DDP, VE200+DDP, and VE400+DDP, and 3 VA combination treatment groups of VA25+DDP, VA50+DDP, and VA100+DDP. Kidney MDA, GSH, NO levels and SOD activities were determined for the assessment of oxidant-antioxidant balance. RESULTS: While in the DDP group the tissue levels of MDA and NO were found to be significantly higher than in the control group, GSH levels and SOD activities were significantly lower. MDA and NO levels were found to be significantly lower and GSH levels and SOD activities significantly higher in the VE200+DDP and VE400+ DDP groups when compared with the DDP alone group. MDA and NO levels were found to be significantly lower in the VA50+DDP and VA100+DDP groups when compared with the DDP alone group. However, identical comparisons with the DDP alone group showed significantly higher GSH levels and SOD activities in the VA25+DDP, VA50+DDP, and VA100+DDP groups. Among the VE100+ DDP, VE200+DDP, and VE400+DDP groups, and VA25+ DDP, VA50+DDP, and VA100+DDP groups, MDA and NO levels decreased and GSH levels and SOD activities increased steadily and significantly as the doses of VE and VA increased. CONCLUSION: These vitamins would be effective in protecting against cisplatin-induced tissue damage in rat kidneys. It is possible that the toxic effect of cisplatin is somehow minimized by a compensatory mechanism involving VE and VA via induction of antioxidant enzyme activities following intraperitoneal injection of DDP.
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Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Riñón/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Long-term inhalation of thinners may cause damage, both to the lungs and to other organ systems. It causes cellular damage via formation of reactive oxygen species. The lung is protected from oxidative stress by the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system which can be augmented by the thiol drug, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). This study investigated the protective effect of NAC on peroxidative changes in rat lungs exposed to inhalation of thinners for 8 weeks. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-two male Wistar albino rats were used and divided into two groups: one group inhaled only thinners (TI), while the other inhaled TI plus NAC. Rats in the TI and TI + NAC groups were divided into four subgroups (each consisting of eight rats) according to the duration of exposure to TI: 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. A control group (n = 7) of rats inhaled neither TI nor NAC. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in the lung tissues. Histopathological findings were evaluated as acute and chronic changes in the alveoli and interstitium in the TI and TI + NAC groups and compared with those in the control group. RESULTS: While tissue MDA levels in the groups inhaling TI for 4, 6 and 8 weeks were significantly higher than those in the control groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively), GSH levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). Tissue SOD activities in the groups inhaling TI for 6 and 8 weeks were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). In the TI group, MDA levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing duration of inhalation (from the second week through to the eighth week), while GSH levels and SOD activities were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in the TI + NAC groups across all inhalation periods, when compared with the TI groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Tissue GSH levels in the TI + NAC groups were significantly higher than those of the TI groups (respective values: P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.0001). Tissue SOD activities in the TI + NAC groups were significantly higher than those of the TI groups (respective values: P < 0.05, P < 0.0001, P < 0.05, P < 0.0001). Pathological examinations with light microscopy did not show any beneficial effect of NAC application in terms of deferring or alleviating the negative effects of TI. CONCLUSIONS: Thinners are agents that cause imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants produced by aerobic cellular systems. This imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems is decreased by the effect of NAC. However, ultrastructural studies may be needed to substantiate this evidence morphologically, as light microscopy was inconclusive.
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Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Orgánicos/efectos adversos , Solventes/efectos adversos , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Glutatión/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Microscopía , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Solventes/química , Superóxido Dismutasa/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the process of progressive renal injury in a variety of clinical and experimental renal diseases. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that treatment with vitamins decreases renal injury in chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1, control; group 2, 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF); other groups 5/6 nephrectomy and injected vitamins (E, A, D). After 8 weeks, urea, creatinine and renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined. RESULTS: Renal tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in the control and Vit E groups compared to that of the CRF, Vit A and Vit D groups. GSH levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to that of other groups. However, GSH levels were significantly lower in the control group than those in the other groups. SOD activities of the control group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. SOD activities were significantly decreased in the Vit E group compared to the Vit A and Vit D groups. Tissue NO levels of control group were significantly increased compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: According to this study, Vit E may at least in part prevent tissue injury by acting as a free radical scavenger.
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Depuradores de Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Fallo Renal Crónico/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Vitaminas/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Riñón/metabolismo , Masculino , Nefrectomía/métodos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Vitamina A/farmacología , Vitamina D/farmacología , Vitamina E/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and nitric oxide (NO) marker levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional, prospective study involved 19 patients with POAG, 18 with PXS, 22 with PXG, and 20 control subjects. Fasting tHcy levels of all study participants were determined using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay method. Quantitation of total nitrate was based on the Griess reaction, in which a chromophore with a strong absorbance at 545 nm is formed by reaction of nitrite with a mixture of naphthylethylenediamine and sulphanilamide. RESULTS: The mean plasma homocysteine level was statistically significantly elevated in the PXS (p=0.033) and the PXG (p=0.023) groups but not in the POAG group (p=0.996) when compared with the control group. Multiple logistic regression analyses comparing the various patient groups with the single control group indicated that elevation in plasma homocysteine concentration was a significant risk factor for PXS (odds ratio per 1 micromol/l increase in homocysteine concentration=2.05, 95% CI=1.19-3.52) and PXG (odds ratio per 1 micromol/l increase in homocysteine concentration=1.36, 95% CI=1.00-1.85) but was not a significant risk factor for POAG (odds ratio per 1 micromol/l increase in homocysteine concentration=0.99, 95% CI=0.78-1.26). NO markers levels were found to be slightly higher in PXS and PXG patients than control and POAG patients but the differences were not statistically significant (p=0.151). Multiple logistic regression analyses comparing the various patient groups with the single control group indicated that elevation in NO marker concentration was not a significant risk factor for PXS (odds ratio per 1 micromol/l increase in NO concentration=1.00, 95% CI=0.99-1.01), PXG (odds ratio per 1 micromol/l increase in NO concentration=1.00, 95% CI=0.99-1.00) and POAG (odds ratio per 1 micromol/l increase in NO concentration=0.99, 95% CI=0.99-1.00). No statistically significant correlations were observed between plasma tHcy and NO markers in study groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of homocysteine in pseudoexfoliation patients with and without glaucoma may partly explain the increased risk of vascular disease among patients with pseudoexfoliation. No significant difference was found in plasma NO markers among the POAG, PXS, PXG, and the control subjects.