RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Tapentadol is effective in the treatment of neuropathic and nociceptive pain and in acute and chronic pain conditions; two mechanisms combining opioid µ-receptor agonism and noradrenergic reuptake inhibition underlie its analgesic effect. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: With this single-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over pilot-study, we investigated the antihyperalgesic effect of a single oral dose of 100 mg immediate-release tapentadol on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in two human models (i.e. 0.6 % topical capsaicin and 40% topical menthol) of evoked neuropathic pain signs in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: No significant differences regarding experimentally induced heat or cold and mechanical (pinprick) hyperalgesia, as assessed by quantitative sensory testing, could be observed between a single dose of drug and placebo (thermal pain thresholds p>0.4, mechanical pain sensitivity p>0.1). Only few mild side effects of tapentadol were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy between pain models using healthy volunteers and drug trials under real acute and chronic pain conditions in patients as well as methodological aspects may have contributed to this result. The impact of these findings questions the general use of pain models as predictors for early decision making during drug development. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01615510).
Asunto(s)
Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenoles/farmacología , Adulto , Capsaicina/administración & dosificación , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor , Proyectos Piloto , Tapentadol , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Absceso Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Absceso Pulmonar/etiología , Masculino , Neumonía/complicaciones , Esteroides/uso terapéutico , gammaglobulinas/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Lactante/sangre , Enfermedad Aguda , Creatinina/sangre , Deshidratación/sangre , Gastroenteritis/sangre , Humanos , Lactante , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Lactante/complicaciones , Pielonefritis/complicaciones , Urografía , Reflujo Vesicoureteral/complicacionesAsunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/administración & dosificación , Disgammaglobulinemia/inmunología , Deficiencia de IgA , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/terapia , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/prevención & control , Vacunación , Preescolar , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Inmunización , Lactante , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/prevención & control , Membrana Mucosa/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Bronquitis/epidemiología , Infecciones/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Alemania Oriental , Humanos , Lactante , Lituania , Masculino , Factores Sexuales , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
A total of 156 children with mumps meningitis and mumps encephalitis were, under 5 different regimes of therapy, subjected to continuous liquor cytology. It has been found that the "aminophenazone" group showed the best results so far as both the time required for normalization of the total number of cells and the differential evaluation of the liquor cytogram was concerned. Administration of plasma, corticosteroids, or chloramphenical gave less satisfactory results from the point of view of liquor cytology, the possible causes of which are discussed in detail.
Asunto(s)
Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/citología , Encefalitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Meningitis Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Paperas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Aminopirina/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Células , Niño , Preescolar , Cloranfenicol/uso terapéutico , Electroencefalografía , Encefalitis/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Meningitis Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Paperas/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Plasma , Prednisona/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Orthomyxoviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adenovirus Humanos/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Métodos , Mycoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Respirovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
In 74 "high risk newborn infants" of different gestational ages (at an age of 31 ..... 42 weeks) the ability of efficiency of the cellular immunity system was examined by means of the lymphocyte transformation test on different days of the first week of the postnatal life. Beside PHA also Streptolyson O and E. coli antigen were used. We ascertained a possible relationship between the pre- or postnatal age and the lymphocyte transformation rate by means of regressive analyses. We didn't find a linear relationship; the results are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Edad Gestacional , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Activación de Linfocitos , Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Técnicas Inmunológicas , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/inmunología , Masculino , Embarazo , RiesgoRESUMEN
A total of 62 neonates were examined by means of the in vitro lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) using streptolysin O and E. coli antigen with a view to determinating whether prematurely born babies and prenatally dystrophic neonates differ in their prenatal immunization by bacterial antigens or whether the immunological capabilities are different in the different groups examined. Positive controls with addition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and negative blank controls were also used. The results were the same in the two groups of test subjects, suggesting prenatal antigen contact in 30 to 72 percent of all infants tested, but without statistically evident differences being observed between the groups.
Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Celular , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Antígenos Bacterianos , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Activación de Linfocitos , Estreptolisinas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The lymphocyte transformation test was performed in 32 risk newborns and 32 comparative persons (17 adults, 15 children). In the void controls without antigen addition the newborns had a significantly higher spontaneous blastic reaction than the control group. The phenomenon may be explained by lymphatic stem cells in the blood or an ontogenetically higher content of "embryonic tissue" respectively being present as unspecific stimulant or an immunological defence reaction against maternal immunoglobulins transmitted diaplacentally (formation of antigammaglobulin factors) or against maternal lymphocytes to prevent a "runt disease".
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido , Activación de Linfocitos , Hemorragia Cerebral/inmunología , Humanos , Hiperbilirrubinemia/inmunología , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Radiografía Torácica , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/inmunología , Convulsiones/inmunología , Timo/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
In order to identify the possibility of prenatal or perinatal bacterial contact with immunization of the cellular immunity system as underlying cause of the "idiopathic" newborn icterus (without blood group incompatibility) the lymphocyte transformation test with addition of streptolysin O or E. coli antigen was carried out in 68 newborns with a birth weight ranging between 1260 and 4200 g. The sensitization rate identified among the newborns with hyperbilirubinaemia did not differ significantly from those of the control group. Thus an ensured connection between a prenatal streptococcus or E. coli contact and the appearance of an idiopathic newborn hyperbilirubinaemia could not be established.