RESUMEN
New therapeutic strategies based on the search of alternative formulations of albendazole (ABZ) and albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) are under current development to optimize posology and antiparasite efficacy in dogs. In an incomplete block design, nine dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6). Treatments were carried out in two phases as follows. Phase I: Group I (treatment A), animals received ABZ at 25 mg/kg of conventional formulation. Group II (treatment B), dogs received 25 mg/kg of a modified poloxamer-ABZ formulation. Group III (treatment C), animals were treated with ABZSO in equimolar amount to ABZ doses. After 21 days of wash-out period the experiment was repeated (Phase II). Blood samples were collected over 24 h and subsequently analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. ABZSO and ABZSO(2) were the analytes recovered in plasma. Significant higher (P < 0.001) ABZSO area under the concentration-time curve (+500%) and C(max) (+487%) values were obtained for the treatment C in comparison with treatments A and B. However, no statistical differences on pharmacokinetic parameters were found between formulations A and B. In conclusion, the enhanced plasma concentration profile obtained for the ABZSO formulation used in treatment C may contribute to optimize the anthelmintic control in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Albendazol/análogos & derivados , Antihelmínticos/farmacocinética , Perros/metabolismo , Albendazol/administración & dosificación , Albendazol/sangre , Albendazol/farmacocinética , Animales , Antihelmínticos/administración & dosificación , Antihelmínticos/sangre , Área Bajo la Curva , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
A total of 779 consecutive private patients requiring spectacles for correction of refractive errors were categorized according to age, sex, occupation and type of refractive error. Virtually all patients (97.1%) were black. The relationship between age, sex, occupation and refractive error was determined and showed that refractive errors were approximately equally distributed between the sexes, but myopia was more common among those with nearpoint occupations. Data also showed that more of the elderly were hyperopic than myopic in contrast to the younger patients who were more often myopic.
Asunto(s)
Errores de Refracción/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ocupaciones , Errores de Refracción/clasificación , Factores Sexuales , Agudeza Visual , Indias Occidentales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The epidemiology profile of developing countries is in transition. While the prevalence of infectious and preventable diseases, malnutrition, and in general the health problems traditionally associated to the poor, is still high, the characteristic health profile of industrialized countries (i.e. chronic and degenerative diseases, accidents, violence, social pathology) is beginning to surface. This paper focuses on the need to consider organ transplantation as a health priority in developing countries, as an important element in the global strategy to cover both aspects of the health care demand.