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Introduction: Acute appendicitis secondary to parasitic infections is uncommon, being detected in less than 1% of cases. Balantidium coli is a parasite found in pigs and primates with zoonotic potential. To date, only three cases of acute appendicitis induced by this parasite have been documented globally. Case: A 7-year-old female patient, who consumed pork daily, presented to the emergency department with a one-day history of abdominal pain in the lower quadrants, described as colic-like, alongside abdominal distension. Initial abdominal radiography led to a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Conservative management without therapeutic response necessitated referral to a higher complexity center. Upon admission, an abdominal computed tomography scan diagnosed acute appendicitis and secondary ileus. During surgical intervention, an appendiceal phlegmon formed by loops of the small intestine was mechanically released, revealing a perforated appendix with extensive fecal peritoneal contamination. Pathological analysis identified an inflammatory infiltrate and the presence of Balantidium coli trophozoites. Medical treatment included Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Metronidazole. The patient was discharged after 10 days of medical treatment. Discussion: Acute appendicitis caused by Balantidium coli is a rare occurrence. It is crucial to identify parasites in pathological samples due to their impact on postoperative management. The close contact between humans and pigs, especially in developing countries, suggests that the prevalence of parasitic infection and colonization by Balantidium coli may be higher than currently recognized. Regarding the identification of this patient's specific exposure, the regular consumption of pork suggests the hypothesis that improper processing is linked to the acquisition of the parasitic infection.
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Audiología , Percepción , Educación Basada en Competencias , Capacitación Profesional , AprendizajeRESUMEN
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares siguen siendo la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Y aunque existen herramientas terapéuticas y farmacológicas que ayudan a controlar la incidencia de desenlaces cardiovasculares con la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular, las inequidades en el acceso oportuno a servicios de salud y de determinantes sociales de la salud impiden que toda la población con esta necesidad pueda recibir esta ayuda terapéutica. Es así, como se da prioridad a las intervenciones no farmacológicas, dentro de las que se destaca, la dieta, la cual ha demostrado influir significativamente en la salud cardiovascular y en la expectativa de vida del ser humano. Particularmente, la dieta mediterránea, basada esencialmente en el consumo de frutas, vegetales, granos, legumbres, aceite de oliva, especias, seguido de proteína derivada de pescado y comida de mar, ha demostrado proveer cierto grado de protección frente a enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Sin embargo, se desconoce con certeza cuál es el impacto en la población con elevado riesgo cardiovascular y, por ende, enfermedad cardiovascular establecida. Considerando la evolución de la evidencia en los patrones dietarios, así como la necesidad de conocer qué tanto impactan las dietas viables en nuestro medio, sobre todo en aquellos con mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en exponer evidencia actualizada sobre los beneficios de la dieta mediterránea en individuos con elevado riesgo cardiovascular. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct y Scielo.
Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there are therapeutic and pharmacological tools that help control the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes by reducing cardiovascular risk, inequities in timely access to healthcare services and social determinants of health prevent the entire population in need from receiving this therapeutic assistance. Thus, non-pharmacological interventions are prioritized, among which the diet stands out, as it has been shown to significantly influence cardiovascular health and life expectancy. Particularly, the Mediterranean diet, primarily based on the consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, olive oil, spices, followed by fish and seafood-derived protein, has demonstrated a certain degree of protection against cardiometabolic diseases. However, the impact on a population with high cardiovascular risk and established cardiovascular disease remains uncertain. Considering the evolving evidence on dietary patterns and the need to understand how viable diets in our context affect individuals with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, the objective of this review is to present updated evidence on the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in individuals with high cardiovascular risk. For this purpose, a literature search was performed in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo databases.
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Introducción: La telepráctica es un modelo de prestación de servicios fonoaudiológicos y audiológicos en el cual se emplea la tecnología de las telecomunicaciones con fines de promoción y prevención, evaluación, intervención o consulta. Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, este tipo de servicios tuvo un crecimiento significativo para dar respuesta a las necesidades de salud de individuos y poblaciones. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje fonoaudiológico a través de la telepráctica en la intervención de las deficiencias de la comunicación. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed y American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA); se emplearon ecuaciones de búsqueda en inglés. Se seleccionaron 28 artículos desde el año 2016, y se analizaron las categorías de telepráctica en audiología, telepráctica en voz y habla y telepráctica en lenguaje. Análisis de la información: El uso de la telepráctica ha sido fundamental para aumentar la accesibilidad a servicios fonoaudiológicos para individuos y poblaciones que se encuentran en zonas apartadas, así como en el abordaje de deficiencias específicas y en el seguimiento de procesos de rehabilitación empleando la tecnología como herramienta. La telepráctica ha permitido mejorar los procesos de formación de padres y cuidadores, que permiten la implementación de acciones terapéuticas en casa. Conclusión: La telepráctica ha demostrado tener resultados similares a los abordajes presenciales, lo que demuestra que, en el futuro, podría convertirse en una alternativa para la práctica fonoaudiológica y audiológica. Es necesario aumentar las investigaciones que respalden el uso de la telepráctica, así como para determinar los estándares mínimos para su implementación.
Introduction: Telepractice is a model for the provision of speech therapy and audiological services in which telecommunications technology is used for the purposes of promotion and prevention, evaluation, intervention and / or consultation, due to the pandemic this type of service had significant growth to respond to the health needs of individuals and populations. Objective: To describe the speech therapy approach through telepractice in the intervention of communication deficiencies. Method: A search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), search equations were used in English, 28 articles were selected since 2016 and the telepractic categories in audiology were analyzed. telepractic in voice and speech and telepractic in language. Information analysis: the use of telepractice has been fundamental to increase the accessibility to speech therapy services for individuals and populations that are in remote areas; as well as in addressing specific deficiencies and in monitoring rehabilitation processes using technology as a tool. Telepractice has made it possible to improve the training processes for parents and caregivers that allow the implementation of therapeutic actions at home. Conclusion: telepractice has shown to have similar results to face-to-face approaches, which shows that in the future it will become an alternative for speech therapy and audiological practice. There is a need to increase research to support the use of telepractic, as well as to determine the minimum standards for its implementation.
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Telemedicina , Telecomunicaciones , FonoaudiologíaRESUMEN
A questionnaire study was conducted among 131 veterinarians practicing in the city of Medellin, Colombia, to assess views on pain evaluation and management in dogs and cats. When pain recognition and quantification abilities were used as a perceived competence of proper pain assessment, only 83/131 (63.4%, confidence interval (CI) 0.55â»0.72) were deemed to have satisfactory skills, with the rest considered to be deficient. There were 49/131 (37.4) veterinarians who had participated in continuing education programs and were more confident assessing pain, with an odds ratio (±standard error) of 2.84 ± 1.15 (p = 0.01; CI 1.27â»6.32). In addition, the odds of using pain scales was 4.28 ± 2.17 (p < 0.01, CI 1.58â»11.55) greater if they had also participated in continuing education programs. The term multimodal analgesia was familiar to 77 (58.7%) veterinarians who also claimed to use more than one approach to pain control. Nevertheless, homeopathy was the preferred alternative approach in 71/77 (92%). There were major misconceptions on side effects and/or contraindications for use of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by most veterinarians. In addition, the lack of multimodal analgesia by at least 40% of the practitioners, combined with heavy reliance on weak analgesics (i.e., tramadol) or those with no proven record of efficacy (homeopathic remedies), denotes major deficits in education at the undergraduate level and a need for additional continuing education designed to fulfill the gaps in knowledge identified in this study, and overcome ideological convictions not supported by scientific evidence.
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BACKGROUND: Literature supports short-term efficacy and safety of Sensor Augmented Insulin Pump (SAP) therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, no data are available showing long-term outcomes. Our study describes the long-term outcomes of SAP therapy with low-glucose suspend feature (SAP+LGS) in hypoglycemia in a Colombian population with T1D and hypoglycemia. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with T1D patients receiving SAP+LGS therapy who initiated this therapy because of hypoglycemia at San Ignacio University Hospital diabetes center in Bogotá, Colombia. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was assessed at least every 6 months, severe hypoglycemia (SH) and hypoglycemia unawareness (HU) incidence yearly. Adherence to therapy was also evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred eleven patients were included in the analysis. Total daily insulin dose was reduced during follow-up (mean difference -0.22 U/kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.18 to -0.26; P < 0.001). A1c levels were reduced from a baseline value of 8.8% ± 1.9% to 7.5% ± 1.0% at 5 months (mean difference -1.3%; 95% CI -1.09 to -1.50; P < 0.001) and 7.1% ± 0.8% (mean difference -1.7%; 95% CI -1.59 to -1.90; P < 0.001) at the end of follow-up (47 months on average). The incidence of SH and HU episodes decreased significantly since the first year, and this effect was maintained over time (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SAP+LGS therapy in T1D patients with hypoglycemia led to a significant and sustained decrease in A1c during long periods of follow-up, as well as a significant reduction in SH and HU. Future randomized clinical trials are desired.