RESUMEN
Spectral features of EEG background activity were studied in patients with localized symptomatic epilepsy (LSE), with origin in the frontal or temporal lobes. Z-values of high resolution spectra and measures of the parametric (xi alpha) model of the EEG were obtained for all 10/20 System leads and were compared with those obtained in a control group. Comparisons were performed between syndromic variants of LSE and between subgroups of patients with or without paroxysmal activity in their digital EEGs (dEEG). Marked reduction of the energy in the alpha range and a mild increase in the theta range were found in the patients, unrelated to the syndromic variant of the epilepsy. These deviations from normality were widespread on the scalp and were not related to antiepileptic medication. Non-parametric testing showed a positive correlation between the magnitude of the quantitative EEG abnormalities and the amount of paroxysmal activity in the dEEG. Slowing of the mean frequency of alpha components of the spectra, an actual decrease of power in the alpha range and an increase in the theta range explained the results. The most striking finding of this paper is that focal epileptogenesis may have a generalized impact in the frequency composition of EEG.
Asunto(s)
Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , Algoritmos , Mapeo Encefálico , Niño , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos NeurológicosRESUMEN
For the past decade the Cuban Neuroscience Center has organized on behalf of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic, a nationwide Program for the introduction of quantitative EEG (qEEG). This Program has involved a) development of standardized equipment for "paperless" EEG, qEEG and brain topography; b) establishment of a network of 21 laboratories of clinical neurophysiology; c) creation of the specialty of clinical neurophysiology which trains physicians from all provinces in both traditional and quantitative electrophysiological methods; d) introduction of standardized protocols for the collection of clinical and electrophysiological information; e) organization of a national normative and neuropsychiatric database; f) establishment of normative regression equations. Among the special issues discussed are: 1) relationship between traditional and quantitative methods; 2) evaluation of the effectiveness of the technology introduced; 3) use of qEEG in the early detection of brain dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Electroencefalografía , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encefalopatías/clasificación , Encefalopatías/fisiopatología , Mapeo Encefálico , Niño , Cuba , Administración de los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/diagnóstico , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/fisiopatología , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
We present four cases of lip carcinomas which have been extended to the mandible in between of one to four years through the mental nerve with peripheric neuropathy which was multiple in one of the cases.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de los Labios/patología , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Humanos , Neoplasias de los Labios/cirugía , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) was produced experimentally in the chick embryo by preventing the incorporation of the posteromedial conus into the left ventricle. This was accomplished by placing a ligature around the caudal end of the conus at a stage in which it is exclusively continuous with the right ventricle. The embryos were divided into two groups according to the stage of development of the conal ridge. In one group, the conal ridges had not appeared (stages 17-18); in the other they had begun to develop (stage 22). Both groups were divided into two subgroups; in one the ligature was left in place up to the mature heart stage and in the other it remained for only 24 hours. In all the embryos where the ligature remained until the mature heart stage a DORV was obtained, while in the embryos where the ligature remained in place for only 24 hours a DORV was obtained in only two-thirds of the cases. Two different types of DORV were produced: 1) with anterior and posterior infundibula in which the subpulmonary infundibulum was anterior to the subaortic infundibulum and there was a subaortic infracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD); 2) with side-by-side infundibula in which the subpulmonary infundibulum was on the left side and the subaortic infundibulum on the right side; the VSD was far from both infundibula. Our experiments show that DORV is an essentially infundibular malformation. In DORV there are two types of infundibular relationships: a) with anterior and posterior infundibula, and b) with side-by-side infundibula. The crista supraventricularis in the normal heart and the infundibular septum in DORV are two different anatomic and embryologic structures.