RESUMEN
This report summartizes three studies conducted with lactating dairy cws aiming to increase pregnancy rates to fixes time artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Experiment I was designed to determine if changing the the timing of PGF2α treatment during an E2/P4 based program would affect fertility to TAI or fixedtime embryo transfer (TET). In experiment 2, pregnancy rates to AI were compared following synchronized ovulation using two protocols that have been developed to reduce the period between follicular wave emergence and TAI. The Ovsynch type protocol utilizes GnRH to synchronize the follicular wave by inducing ovulati on of a dominant follicle at the beginning of the protocol, and to synchronize ovulation at the end of the protocol allowing TAI. In contrast, E2/P4 based protocols utilize E2 products in the presence of P4 to induce atresia of antral follicles and synchro nize emergence of a new follicular wave. At the end of E2/P4 based protocol another E2 treatment in the absence of P4 is used to induce LH release and synchronize ovulation and allow TAI. Experiment 3 was designed to determine whether increasing the length time interval with reduced circulating P4 (proestrus) would increase fertility in a TAI program that utilized E2 and P4 to synchronize ovulation of cycling, lactating dairy cows. The overall conclusions are that circulating concentrations of progesterone and estradiol prior to and circulating concentrations of progesterone following ovulation can affect fertility in cattle. In addition, small increases in P4 concentrations near the time of AI, due to lack of complete CL regression, result in reductions in fertility. Earlier treatment with PGF2α should allow greater time for CL regression, an increase in estradiol and subsequent reductions in circulating P4 that could be critical for fertility. Optimization of follicle size in TAI programs is clearly an intr icate balance between oocyte quality, adequate circulating E2 near AI, and adequate circulating P4 after AI.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Embrión de Mamíferos/embriología , Inseminación Artificial , Progesterona/química , Bovinos/clasificación , FertilidadRESUMEN
This report summartizes three studies conducted with lactating dairy cws aiming to increase pregnancy rates to fixes time artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Experiment I was designed to determine if changing the the timing of PGF2α treatment during an E2/P4 based program would affect fertility to TAI or fixedtime embryo transfer (TET). In experiment 2, pregnancy rates to AI were compared following synchronized ovulation using two protocols that have been developed to reduce the period between follicular wave emergence and TAI. The Ovsynch type protocol utilizes GnRH to synchronize the follicular wave by inducing ovulati on of a dominant follicle at the beginning of the protocol, and to synchronize ovulation at the end of the protocol allowing TAI. In contrast, E2/P4 based protocols utilize E2 products in the presence of P4 to induce atresia of antral follicles and synchro nize emergence of a new follicular wave. At the end of E2/P4 based protocol another E2 treatment in the absence of P4 is used to induce LH release and synchronize ovulation and allow TAI. Experiment 3 was designed to determine whether increasing the length time interval with reduced circulating P4 (proestrus) would increase fertility in a TAI program that utilized E2 and P4 to synchronize ovulation of cycling, lactating dairy cows. The overall conclusions are that circulating concentrations of progesterone and estradiol prior to and circulating concentrations of progesterone following ovulation can affect fertility in cattle. In addition, small increases in P4 concentrations near the time of AI, due to lack of complete CL regression, result in reductions in fertility. Earlier treatment with PGF2α should allow greater time for CL regression, an increase in estradiol and subsequent reductions in circulating P4 that could be critical for fertility. Optimization of follicle size in TAI programs is clearly an intr icate balance between oocyte quality, adequate circulating E2 near AI, and adequate circulating P4 after AI.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Inseminación Artificial , Embrión de Mamíferos/embriología , Progesterona/química , Bovinos/clasificación , FertilidadRESUMEN
In Experiment 1, effects of an intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR) for synchronization of estrus in non-suckled cycling primiparous Bos indicus beef cows were evaluated. Cows received either no treatment (Control), prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF), or CIDR (6 d) + prostaglandin F(2alpha) (CIDR + PGF). There were greater (P < 0.05) percentages of cows inseminated and pregnant in 4 d of breeding season in CIDR + PGF (81.6%; 48.7%) than in PGF (53.8%; 32.5%) and Control cows (14.6%; 8.5%). In Experiment 2, efficacy of a treatment with CIDR (6 d) + prostaglandin F(2alpha) + 48 h temporary weaning (CIDR + PGF + TW) associated or not with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for synchronization of estrus in suckled primiparous B. indicus beef cows was evaluated. Cows were assigned to receive either no treatment (Control), CIDR + PGF + TW, CIDR + PGF + TW + 200 IU of eCG, or CIDR + PGF + TW + 400 IU of eCG. There were greater (P < 0.05) percentages of insemination and pregnancy in 4 d of breeding season in treatment groups (47.0%; 27.5%) than in Control cows (4.5%; 3.0%) and in cows treated with eCG (50.9%; 29.4%) than in cows treated only with CIDR + PGF + TW (39.4%; 23.7%). No effects of eCG dosage were detected. The percentage of cows inseminated and pregnant in a 30 d breeding season were greater (P < 0.05) in cows assigned to synchronization treatments (53.3%; 37.2%) than in Control cows (35.3%; 21.4%). In the beginning of the BS, non-suckled primiparous cows treated with CIDR + PGF with estrous cycles having been initiated following calving had greater estrous detection and pregnancy rates than PGF and Control cows, and suckled primiparous cows had improved estrous detection and pregnancy rates when eCG was associated with CIDR + PGF + TW.
Asunto(s)
Sincronización del Estro/métodos , Lactancia/fisiología , Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Administración Intravaginal , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Bovinos , Implantes de Medicamentos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/administración & dosificación , Gonadotropinas Equinas/administración & dosificación , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Paridad , Periodo Posparto/fisiología , Embarazo , Estaciones del Año , Conducta en la Lactancia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Two experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that elevated progesterone concentrations impair pregnancy rate to timed artificial insemination (TAI) in postpuberal Nelore heifers. In Experiment 1, postpuberal Nelore heifers (n=398) received 2mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and either a new progesterone-releasing intravaginal device containing 1.9g of progesterone (CIDR) (first use) or a CIDR previously used for 9 d (second use) or for 18 d (third use) on Day 0, 12.5mg prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) on Day 7, 0.5mg estradiol cypionate (ECP) and CIDR withdrawal on Day 9, and TAI on Day 11. Largest ovarian follicle diameter was determined on Day 11. The third-use CIDR treatment increased largest ovarian follicle diameter and pregnancy rate. Conception to TAI was reduced in heifers with smaller follicles in the first- and second-use CIDR treatments, but not in the third-use CIDR treatment. In Experiment 2, postpuberal Nelore heifers received the synchronization treatment described in Experiment 1 or received 12.5mg PGF(2alpha) on Day 9 rather than Day 7. In addition, 50% of heifers received 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on Day 9. Heifers were either TAI (Experiment 2a; n=199) or AI after detection of estrus (Experiment 2b; n=125 of 202). In Experiment 2a, treatment with eCG increased pregnancy rate to TAI in heifers that received PGF(2alpha) on Day 9 but not on Day 7 and in heifers that received a first-use CIDR but not in heifers that received a third-use CIDR. Treatments did not influence reproductive performance in Experiment 2b. In summary, pregnancy rate to TAI in postpuberal Nelore heifers was optimized when lower concentrations of exogenous progesterone were administered, and eCG treatment was beneficial in heifers expected to have greater progesterone concentrations.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/fisiología , Dinoprost/uso terapéutico , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Gonadotropinas Equinas/uso terapéutico , Progesterona/sangre , Animales , Bovinos/sangre , Dinoprost/farmacología , Sincronización del Estro/métodos , Femenino , Fertilidad/fisiología , Gonadotropinas Equinas/farmacología , Inseminación Artificial/métodos , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Concentración Osmolar , Folículo Ovárico/citología , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Inducción de la Ovulación/métodos , Inducción de la Ovulación/veterinaria , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Preñez , Progesterona/análisis , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Rickettsioses are arthropod-borne diseases caused by parasites from the Order Rickettsiales. The most prevalent rickettsial disease in Brazil is Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). This work intends the molecular detection of those agents in ectoparasites from an endemic area of BSF in the state of Espírito Santo. A total of 502 ectoparasites, among them Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma dubitatum (A. cooperi), Riphicephalus sanguineus, Anocentor nitens and Ctenocephalides felis, was collected from domestic animals and the environment and separated in 152 lots according to the origin. Rickettsia sp. was detected in pools of all collected species by amplification of 17 kDa protein-encoding gene fragments. The products of PCR amplification of three samples were sequenced, and Rickettsia felis was identified in R. sanguineus and C. felis. These results confirm the presence of Rickettsia felis in areas previously known as endemic for BSF, disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Moreover, they show the needing of further studies for deeper knowledge of R. felis-spotted fever epidemiology and differentiation of these diseases in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos/parasitología , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Insectos Vectores/microbiología , Rickettsia felis/genética , Siphonaptera/microbiología , Garrapatas/microbiología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Perros , Enfermedades Endémicas , Ambiente , Caballos , Humanos , Insectos Vectores/clasificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/microbiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/transmisión , Rickettsia felis/aislamiento & purificación , Siphonaptera/clasificación , Garrapatas/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Rickettsioses are arthropod-borne diseases caused by parasites from the Order Rickettsiales. The most prevalent rickettsial disease in Brazil is Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). This work intends the molecular detection of those agents in ectoparasites from an endemic area of BSF in the state of Espírito Santo. A total of 502 ectoparasites, among them Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma dubitatum (A. cooperi), Riphicephalus sanguineus, Anocentor nitens and Ctenocephalides felis, was collected from domestic animals and the environment and separated in 152 lots according to the origin. Rickettsia sp. was detected in pools of all collected species by amplification of 17kDa protein-encoding gene fragments. The products of PCR amplification of three samples were sequenced, and Rickettsia felis was identified in R. sanguineus and C. felis. These results confirm the presence of Rickettsia felis in areas previously known as endemic for BSF, disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Moreover, they show the needing of further studies for deeper knowledge of R. felis-spotted fever epidemiology and differentiation of these diseases in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Humanos , Animales Domésticos/parasitología , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Siphonaptera/microbiología , Insectos Vectores/microbiología , Rickettsia felis/genética , Garrapatas/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Endémicas , Ambiente , Siphonaptera/clasificación , Caballos , Insectos Vectores/clasificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/microbiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/transmisión , Rickettsia felis/aislamiento & purificación , Garrapatas/clasificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endometriosis associated with massive, bloody ascites is an unusual occurrence. This report draws attention to this condition as a complication of endometriosis, with the description of a case and a review of 31 others. CASE: A 41-year-old, black nulligravida with massive, bloody ascites and a pelvic mass underwent laparotomy, and an intraoperative microscopic examination ruled out malignancy. The histologic report was compatible with endometriosis. The patient was treated with a GnRH analog, with progressive reduction of ascitic fluid and full remission after six months. CONCLUSION: Bloody ascites should be considered a complication of endometriosis, especially in nulliparous women of childbearing age with abdominal distention, a pelvic mass, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and eventual pleural effusion, suggesting a diagnosis of ovarian malignancy.
Asunto(s)
Ascitis/etiología , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Hemorragia/etiología , Enfermedades Peritoneales/complicaciones , Adulto , Ascitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endometriosis/diagnóstico , Femenino , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Enfermedades Peritoneales/diagnósticoRESUMEN
To determine the possible effects of alpha-methyldopa on the motility of human umbilical artery, a total of 53 arterial segments were perfused with different concentrations of the drug as follows: 38 segments with 125, 250 and 500 ng/ml of the drug, 9 segments with 500 ng/ml alpha-methyldopa in combination with 10(-7) M yohimbine, and 6 segments with 10(-7) M yohimbine alone. alpha-Methyldopa had a vasoconstrictor effect at all doses employed, with a clear dose-effect correlation (p less than 0.01). The vasoconstrictor effect of 500 ng/ml alpha-methyldopa was fully inhibited in the presence of 10(-7) M yohimbine. These results suggest that alpha 2-adrenergic receptors are present in the umbilical circulation and that alpha-methyldopa may play a role in the control of this circulation.